It's exciting being a diver, because underwater, you experience new sensations.

潛水是一件令人興奮的事情，因為在水下，你會體驗到新的感覺。

You feel pressure, swim almost weightlessly, and see and hear things differently.

你會感覺到壓力，幾乎可以失重地游泳，看到和聽到的東西也不一樣。

These result from the different physical properties that water and air have, and relate directly to your safety and enjoyment as a diver.

這是因為水和空氣具有不同的物理特性，它們直接關係到您作為潛水員的安全和樂趣。

Right now, you're surrounded by pressure.

現在，你的周圍充滿了壓力。

It's the weight of the atmosphere of air.

這是空氣的重量。

We call this one bar or atmosphere.

我們稱其為 "酒吧 "或 "氛圍"。

When you go underwater, the water adds to this pressure. 10 meters, 33 feet of water adds the same pressure as the one atmosphere of air.

當你潛入水下時，水會增加這種壓力。10 米（33 英尺）深的水增加的壓力與一個大氣壓的空氣增加的壓力相同。

So the pressure increases one bar or atmosphere for every 10 meters or 33 feet you descend.

是以，每下降 10 米或 33 英尺，氣壓就會增加 1 巴或大氣壓。

Increasing pressure doesn't affect water, but it compresses the gas like air.

增加壓力不會影響水，但會像空氣一樣壓縮氣體。

So as you go deeper, pressure reduces an air volume and increases its density by pushing the molecules closer together.

是以，隨著深度的增加，壓力會減小空氣體積，並通過將分子推近而增加密度。

This pressure volume density relationship is important because it affects air spaces including your ears, sinuses, lungs, and mask.

這種壓力體積密度關係非常重要，因為它會影響包括耳朵、鼻竇、肺部和口罩在內的空氣空間。

It also affects controlling your buoyancy and how long your air lasts.

它還會影響浮力的控制和空氣的持續時間。

As shown here, there's a relationship between the pressure and a gas's volume and density.

如圖所示，壓力與氣體的體積和密度之間存在關係。

At 10 meters or 33 feet, the pressure is twice the surface pressure.

在 10 米或 33 英尺處，氣壓是地面氣壓的兩倍。

So half the air volume remains and the density doubles.

是以，空氣體積只剩下一半，密度卻增加了一倍。

The same relationship applies when you ascend.

當你上升時，同樣的關係也適用。

As the divers ascend, the gas re-expands so it's full of air at the surface.

當潛水員上升時，氣體重新膨脹，是以在水面上充滿了空氣。

But what would happen if the divers inflated a balloon and sealed it at depth, then ascended?

但是，如果潛水員在深海中給氣球充氣並密封，然後再上升，會發生什麼情況呢？

The air would expand and burst the balloon.

空氣會膨脹，把氣球撐破。

To prevent this, the divers must keep the balloon unsealed and release some expanding air as they ascend.

為了防止出現這種情況，潛水員必須保持氣球不密封，並在上升過程中釋放一些膨脹的空氣。

This is a very important concept we'll return to shortly.

這是一個非常重要的概念，我們稍後再談。

As you descend, water pressure compresses the air in your body air spaces.

當您下降時，水壓會壓縮您體內空氣空間中的空氣。

When descending, this primarily affects your ears, sinuses, and mask.

下降時，這主要會影響您的耳朵、鼻竇和口罩。

A squeeze is discomfort caused by the imbalance between the water pressure and the air space.

擠壓是水壓和空氣空間不平衡造成的不適。

A squeeze can injure you if you continue to descend.

如果繼續下降，擠壓可能會使您受傷。

But you can prevent a squeeze by adding air to air spaces to balance the pressure.

不過，您可以通過在氣隙中添加空氣來平衡壓力，從而防止擠壓。

This is called equalization.

這就是所謂的均衡。

Equalize your ears and sinuses by blowing gently against your blocked nostrils or by swallowing and wiggling your jaw.

對著堵塞的鼻孔輕輕吹氣，或吞嚥並擺動下頜，以平衡耳朵和鼻竇。

Blow through your nose into your mask to equalize your mask.

用鼻子對著面罩吹氣，使面罩平衡。

Equalize frequently as you descend before you feel discomfort.

在下降過程中，在感到不適之前，要經常保持平衡。

You shouldn't ever feel pain.

你不應該感到疼痛。

If you can't equalize, stop your descent.

如果無法平衡，就停止下降。

Signal your buddies or the instructor.

向同伴或教練發出信號。

They can't tell that you're having difficulty unless you do.

如果你不這樣做，他們就無法知道你遇到了困難。

Ascend slightly and try again.

稍稍上升，再試一次。

If you still can't equalize, discontinue the dive and try another day.

如果還是不能平衡，就停止潛水，改天再試。

Continuing to descend with unequalized air spaces can lead to serious injuries.

在空氣空間不均等的情況下繼續下降會導致嚴重傷害。

A colder allergy that causes congestion can make equalizing difficult or impossible.

較冷的過敏原會導致鼻塞，使均衡化變得困難或不可能。

So don't dive until you're well.

所以，在康復之前不要潛水。

Equalize gently.

輕輕地平衡。

Never attempt a forceful and or extended equalization.

切勿嘗試強行或長時間均衡。

A forceful extended equalization can cause serious permanent ear injuries.

強行擴大均衡範圍會對耳朵造成嚴重的永久性傷害。

Ear plugs create an air space that you can't equalize.

耳塞會產生一個無法平衡的空氣空間。

So don't use them while scuba diving.

是以，潛水時不要使用它們。

Increasing pressure may affect other body air spaces.

壓力升高可能會影響身體的其他空氣空間。

It's rare, but an air space can form under a tooth filling and cause discomfort.

這種情況很少見，但補牙後可能會形成氣隙，引起不適。

There's no way to equalize this, but your dentist can correct it.

沒有辦法使其均衡，但牙醫可以糾正。

A dry suit holds an air layer around your body that compresses.

乾式潛水衣在身體周圍有一個壓縮空氣層。

You learn to add air to equalize it when you take the paddy dry suit diver course.

在學習乾式潛水衣潛水員課程時，您將學會如何添加空氣來平衡空氣。

Air expands as you ascend and normally exits your internal ear spaces, mask and sinuses without doing anything.

空氣在上升過程中會膨脹，通常會從內耳空間、面罩和鼻竇中排出，不會造成任何影響。

But expanding air can be a serious issue related to your lungs.

但是，空氣膨脹可能會對肺部造成嚴重影響。

Using scuba, your lungs are at normal volume at depth.

使用水肺時，您的肺部在深度時處於正常容積狀態。

If you were to hold your breath and ascend, expanding air would over expand and rupture your lungs.

如果您屏住呼吸上升，膨脹的空氣會過度膨脹，導致肺部破裂。

Much like it bursts a balloon filled and sealed at depth.

就像氣球在深度充氣和密封后會爆裂一樣。

For this reason, the most important rule in scuba diving is to breathe continuously and never, ever hold your breath.

是以，水肺潛水最重要的規則就是持續呼吸，永遠不要憋氣。

Even small depth changes can cause lung overexpansion injuries.

即使是微小的深度變化也會造成肺過度膨脹傷害。

If you hold your breath, lung overexpansion can cause severe injuries, including paralysis and death.

如果憋氣，肺過度膨脹會造成嚴重傷害，包括癱瘓和死亡。

Medical treatment requires a pressurized recompression chamber, but diving commonly takes place several hours from such chambers.

醫療救治需要加壓減壓艙，但潛水通常要在距離減壓艙幾小時的地方進行。

But while lung overexpansion injuries are very serious, they are also very easy to avoid.

不過，肺過度膨脹傷害雖然非常嚴重，但也很容易避免。

Breathe continuously and never hold your breath while scuba diving.

潛水時要持續呼吸，切勿憋氣。

This way, during ascent, expanding air escapes without issue.

這樣，在上升過程中，膨脹的空氣就能順利排出。

If you don't have your regulator in your mouth, exhale a slow, steady bubble stream so you don't hold your breath.

如果您沒有將調節器含在嘴裡，請緩慢、穩定地吐出氣泡，這樣您就不會憋氣。

Also, never dive with lung congestion, which has some risk of trapping air in your lungs and causing overexpansion injuries.

此外，千萬不要在肺部充血的情況下潛水，因為這樣有可能使空氣滯留在肺部，造成過度膨脹受傷。

It is rare, but some body air spaces may have a reverse block.

這種情況很少見，但有些人體氣腔可能會出現反向阻塞。

This means expanding air can escape.

這意味著膨脹的空氣可以逃逸。

Diving with a cold or allergy can cause a reverse block, but again, you shouldn't dive with a cold.

感冒或過敏時潛水可能會導致反向阻滯，但同樣，感冒時也不應該潛水。

Gas forming in your digestive system can cause some discomfort if it doesn't pass.

在消化系統中形成的氣體如果不排出，會引起一些不適。

And an air space under a dental filling may, again, very rarely, cause one.

而牙科填充物下的氣隙也可能導致牙痛，但這種情況非常罕見。

If you experience a reverse block, stop your ascent.

如果遇到反向阻塞，請停止上升。

Descend a meter or a few feet or so and give the chamber a rest.

下降一米或幾英尺左右，讓密室休息一下。

Give the trapped air time to work itself out.

給被困空氣一點時間，讓它們自己出來。

Then continue your ascent more slowly.

然後繼續緩慢上升。

As you've learned, as you go deeper and the pressure increases, the more gas volume decreases.

正如你所學到的，隨著深度的增加和壓力的增大，氣體體積就會減少。

This means that the deeper you are, the more air each breath uses from your cylinder.

這意味著，你的呼吸越深，每次呼吸從氣缸中消耗的空氣就越多。

So the deeper you are, the faster you use your air.

是以，你的深度越深，你使用空氣的速度就越快。

Because the air is denser with depth, it takes more effort to breathe.

由於空氣密度隨著深度的增加而增大，是以呼吸起來會更加費力。

Take slow, deep breaths while scuba diving.

潛水時緩慢深呼吸。

Pace yourself and avoid getting winded or out of breath.

掌握好節奏，避免上氣不接下氣。

If you have a problem, stop and maintain or restore slow, deep breathing.

如果出現問題，請停下來，保持或恢復緩慢的深呼吸。

As a scuba diver, one, breathe continuously and never, ever hold your breath.

作為一名潛水員，第一，要持續呼吸，永遠不要憋氣。

Two, breathe slowly and deeply.

二，慢慢深呼吸。

Three, don't allow yourself to get winded or out of breath.

第三，不要讓自己上氣不接下氣。

And four, if faced with a problem, stop and maintain and or restore slow, deep breathing.

第四，如果遇到問題，停下來，保持或恢復緩慢的深呼吸。

When you put something in water, buoyancy pushes the object upward.

將物體放入水中時，浮力會將物體向上推。

The upward force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

向上的力等於流出的水的重量。

Whether something floats, sinks, or does neither, depends upon whether it weighs less than, more than, or the same as the water it displaces.

物體是上浮、下沉還是都不上浮、下沉，取決於它的重量是小於、大於還是等於它所取代的水的重量。

As a diver, you primarily use your weight system in BCD, buoyancy control device, to control your buoyancy.

作為潛水員，您主要使用 BCD（浮力控制裝置）中的配重系統來控制浮力。

As you descend, you tend to lose buoyancy.

當你下降時，你往往會失去浮力。

You add air to adjust for the change.

您可以添加空氣來調整變化。

When you come up, you become more buoyant, so you vent air to adjust.

當你上升時，你的浮力會增加，所以你要排出空氣來調整。

You'll discover that even breathing changes your buoyancy.

你會發現，即使是呼吸也會改變你的浮力。

It increases slightly when you inhale, and decreases slightly when you exhale.

吸氣時略有增加，呼氣時略有減少。

By mastering buoyancy control, you enable yourself to control your descent and ascent rates, to stop at any depth, to save energy, to stay off the bottom, or to float comfortably on the surface.

通過掌握浮力控制，您可以控制自己的下降和上升速度，在任何深度停止，節省體力，遠離水底，或舒適地漂浮在水面上。

Recreational divers do not dive alone.

休閒潛水員不會單獨潛水。

You always dive with a buddy or buddies.

潛水時一定要結伴而行。

Together, you plan your dives, help each other gear up, safety check each other, provide dive time reminders, assist with problems, and assist with a dive objective.

你們一起制定潛水計劃，互相幫助準備裝備，互相進行安全檢查，提醒潛水時間，協助解決問題，並協助實現潛水目標。

The buddy system is important for practicality, because you assist each other, and for safety, because you can help each other prevent and handle problems.

結伴系統很重要，因為你們可以互相幫助，實用性強；也很重要，因為你們可以互相幫助，預防和處理問題，安全性高。

It's also important because diving is a social activity.

這一點也很重要，因為潛水是一項社交活動。

You'll find diving is more rewarding and fun, simply because you get to share your underwater adventures and experiences with others.

您會發現潛水更有價值、更有趣，因為您可以與他人分享您的水下探險和經歷。

Without the equipment that adapts you to going underwater, diving's impossible.

沒有適應水下的裝備，潛水是不可能的。

So to become a diver, you need to learn about scuba gear, the basics on how it works, and how to choose it.

是以，要想成為一名潛水員，就必須瞭解潛水裝備、其工作原理和選擇方法等基本知識。

Like most divers, you'll probably enjoy getting to know your gear.

和大多數潛水員一樣，您可能會喜歡瞭解自己的裝備。

You find literally dozens of makes, styles, and models of scuba gear, which is great, because it allows you to choose equipment that accommodates your size and preferences.

您可以在這裡找到幾十種品牌、款式和型號的潛水裝備，這非常好，因為您可以根據自己的體型和喜好選擇裝備。

How do you know what's best for you?

你怎麼知道什麼最適合你？

After you learn the basics about what your gear does and how it works, as a beginner, your best bet is to have a pro at your paddy resort or dive center help you.

在瞭解了裝備的基本功能和工作原理後，作為初學者，最好的辦法就是讓度假村或潛水中心的專業人士幫助你。

The gear you invest in will last years with proper care, but like all technologies, scuba continues to advance.

只要保養得當，您投資購買的裝備可以使用多年，但與所有技術一樣，水肺技術也在不斷進步。

Stay up to date with the latest innovations.

瞭解最新的創新技術。

You'll probably trade up over time, not because something older doesn't work anymore, but because there's something newer that you like better.

隨著時間的推移，你可能會進行升級換代，這並不是因為舊的東西不能用了，而是因為有更新的東西你更喜歡。

There are some basics in choosing and caring for dive equipment that apply to virtually all your gear.

選擇和保養潛水裝備的一些基本知識幾乎適用於所有裝備。

The most important considerations and choice are suitability, fit, and comfort.

最重要的考慮因素和選擇是適用性、合身性和舒適性。

Suitability means it's appropriate for the diving you want to use it for, like choosing a full wetsuit for cool water, rather than a short wetsuit used in the warm tropics.

適合性是指適合您所要進行的潛水活動，就像選擇適合涼水的全套潛水衣，而不是在溫暖的熱帶地區使用的短款潛水衣。

Fit is important because a lot of gear doesn't work right if it's the wrong size.

合身很重要，因為如果尺寸不合適，很多裝備都無法正常使用。

You get the right fit by choosing the right size.

選擇合適的尺碼，才能穿上合適的衣服。

Comfort means the gear has the right feel and configuration.

舒適意味著裝備具有合適的手感和配置。

Properly adjusted gear that fits right is usually comfortable, but not always.

調整得當、合身的裝備通常會讓人感覺舒適，但並非總是如此。

If it's not comfortable, keep looking.

如果不舒服，就繼續找。

After addressing suitability, fit, and comfort, secondary considerations include finding the cost and features that work for you, and making sure you have access to service, though dive operations almost always service the brands they sell.

在解決適用性、合身性和舒適性之後，次要考慮因素包括找到適合您的成本和功能，以及確保您能獲得服務，儘管潛水作業幾乎總是為他們銷售的品牌提供服務。

You can usually choose colors and styles that go with the rest of your kit, and remember the accessories that go with each piece.

您通常可以選擇與其他裝備搭配的顏色和款式，並記住與每件裝備搭配的配件。

These little items add a lot to your enjoyment.

這些小物件會給您帶來很多樂趣。

Ask your dive professional for suggestions.

請向專業潛水員諮詢相關建議。

Caring for your gear includes inspecting it for proper operation and for any wear or damage before each use.

對裝備的保養包括在每次使用前檢查其操作是否正常，以及是否有任何磨損或損壞。

Never dive with any equipment that is not in good working order.

切勿使用任何失靈的設備潛水。

Have something that's not right corrected before diving with it.

在潛水之前，先糾正不正確的地方。

After each dive, rinse everything in clean, fresh water, and let it dry out of the sun before storing it.

每次潛水後，用乾淨的清水沖洗所有部件，並在存放前將其晒乾。

As reasonably possible, protect your gear from extended periods in direct sunlight.

在合理的情況下，儘量避免讓您的設備長時間暴露在陽光直射下。

You'll learn that some pieces require additional maintenance and service by a professional, and follow any maintenance and service requirements in the manufacturer literature.

您將瞭解到某些設備需要專業人員進行額外的維護和保養，並遵循製造商資料中的維護和保養要求。

You need a mask because your eyes must be in air to focus properly.

你需要一個面具，因為你的眼睛必須在空氣中才能正常聚焦。

Since this creates an airspace you must equalize, your dive mask must enclose your nose as well as your eyes.

由於這會產生一個必須平衡的空氣空間，是以潛水面罩必須將鼻子和眼睛都罩住。

Never scuba dive with goggles because you can't equalize them.

永遠不要戴著護目鏡潛水，因為你無法使其平衡。

Choose a good quality mask made specifically for scuba diving.

選擇品質好的潛水專用面罩。

Your PADI dive shop can help you check the fit.

您的 PADI 潛水用品店可以幫您檢查是否合適。

After finding some that fit you, look for a low profile and a wide vision field.

在找到適合自己的產品後，要尋找外形低矮、視野開闊的產品。

The silicone color is usually either clear or black.

硅膠的顏色通常為透明或黑色。

You often can choose from different frame colors.

您通常可以選擇不同的鏡框顏色。

With a new mask, you may need to scrub the interior with a cleaner.

戴上新口罩後，可能需要用清潔劑擦洗內部。

Check the manufacturer literature.

查看製造商的資料。

Adjust the strap so it fits snugly but comfortably with the strap over the crown of your head.

調整揹帶，使其緊貼頭頂，佩戴舒適。

A snorkel is standard equipment for recreational diving.

呼吸管是休閒潛水的標準裝備。

It lets you breathe, look, swim and rest with your face in the water or waves without wasting scuba air, or if you're low after coming up.

它可以讓你在不浪費潛水空氣的情況下，或在浮出水面後水位較低時，在水中或海浪中呼吸、觀察、游泳和休息。

You usually choose your mask and snorkel together.

您通常會一起選擇面罩和呼吸管。

You attach it with a clip or snorkel keeper.

您可以用夾子或呼吸管固定器將其固定。

Get one that fits comfortably when adjusted with the top at the crown of your head.

在頭頂調整時，要選擇佩戴舒適的。

Many divers like a snorkel that flexes away when you're not using it.

許多潛水員喜歡在不使用時能彎曲的呼吸管。

Most scuba snorkels have self-drain valves to help you blow out water.

大多數潛水呼吸管都有自排水閥，可以幫助您將水排出。

And many have guards that reduce water splashing in.

許多設備都有防護裝置，可以減少水的濺入。

After choosing the right fit and options, you can usually match the color to your mask.

在選擇了合適的款式和選項後，通常還可以根據面具的顏色進行搭配。

Fins allow your powerful leg muscles to push you through the water.

蛙鞋可以讓你強有力的腿部肌肉在水中推動你。

You can choose from adjustable fins, which you usually wear with wetsuit boots, and full-foot fins, which fit like slippers.

您可以選擇通常與潛水服靴子一起穿戴的可調式鰭片，也可以選擇像拖鞋一樣合腳的全腳鰭片。

Since you don't use wetsuit boots, they're usually reserved for warm water.

由於您不使用潛水衣靴，所以通常只在溫水中使用。

You choose fins based on blade and foot pocket size.

您可以根據鰭片和腳袋的大小來選擇鰭片。

Small bladed fins are suited to snorkeling, but not scuba.

小鰭適合浮潛，但不適合水肺潛水。

Be sure to get fins appropriate for scuba diving.

一定要買適合水肺潛水的鰭。

Have a professional help you choose the right fit.

請專業人士幫您選擇合適的產品。

Fins have options, including the materials they're made from, as well as splits and vents to improve performance.

鰭片有多種選擇，包括材質，以及可提高性能的分叉和通風口。

Adjustable fins may feature quick-release buckles or spring heels for convenience in adjusting, donning, and removing.

可調式鰭片可採用快速釋放扣或彈簧跟，以方便調整、穿戴和取下。

Your PADI professional can help you choose from these options.

您的 PADI 專業人員可以幫助您從這些選項中進行選擇。

Besides inspecting and adjusting them, you don't have to do much before diving other than closing the quick-release buckles, if yours have them.

除了檢查和調整它們之外，在潛水之前，您不需要做太多的事情，只需要關閉快速釋放扣（如果您的潛水服上有的話）。

Get full-foot fins wet to make them easier to slip on.

將全腳鰭弄溼，使其更容易滑動。

Regular fins aren't much use to someone with limited leg mobility, but there are other ways to get around.

對於腿部行動不便的人來說，普通的鰭沒有什麼用處，但也有其他方法。

Webbed gloves allow such divers to swim with surprising strength.

有蹼的手套使這種潛水員能以驚人的力量游泳。

DPVs, or diver propulsion vehicles, are a fun way for any diver to be mobile underwater.

DPV 或潛水推進器是任何潛水員在水下移動的一種有趣方式。

But you should be able to use your legs or arms in case it has a problem.

但是，萬一它出現問題，你應該能夠使用你的腿或胳膊。

Your scuba kit is actually four equipment systems integrated into a single package.

您的潛水裝備包實際上是四個設備系統集成的一個套件。

Your BCD, buoyancy control device, holds everything together.

您的 BCD，即浮力控制裝置，將一切連接在一起。

As you learned, you use it to control your buoyancy.

正如你學到的，你用它來控制你的浮力。

Your cylinder supplies high-pressure air to your regulator, which provides it to you when you inhale.

氣瓶向調節器提供高壓空氣，調節器在您吸氣時向您提供高壓空氣。

Your weight system holds just enough lead to let you descend.

你的配重系統剛好有足夠的引力讓你下降。

Its quick-release lets you easily drop your weight in an emergency.

其快速釋放裝置可讓您在緊急情況下輕鬆放下重物。

We'll look at each of the systems more closely next.

接下來，我們將對每個系統進行更深入的研究。

Scuba gear is generally interchangeable, but because everything integrates, you usually select your scuba kit as a package that puts everything together to meet your preferences.

水肺裝備一般都可以互換，但由於所有裝備都是一體化的，是以您在選擇水肺裝備時通常會將所有裝備組合在一起，以滿足您的喜好。

Five components make up your BCD.

BCD 由五個部件組成。

It has a bladder you inflate and deflate to control your buoyancy.

它有一個氣囊，通過充氣和放氣來控制浮力。

The bladder integrates with a harness or jacket with a band that securely holds your cylinder.