In order to keep up with demand, these machines are running 24-7, pumping out more than 500 million dollars into the US economy every day.

為了滿足需求，這些機器全天候運轉，每天向美國經濟注入 5 億多美元。

But this is only a tiny fraction of how much money is really made.

但這只是真正創造的貨幣的一小部分。

Most of our money exists digitally and this number currently goes up by more than four billion dollars every day. But where does all of this money come from?

我們的大部分貨幣都是數位貨幣，目前這一數字每天增加 40 多億美元，但這些錢都是從哪裡來的呢？

Before it ever reached your bank account, it changed hands countless times, passing through people governments and businesses all after being simply typed into existence on a computer.

在它到達你的銀行帳戶之前，它已經經過了無數次的轉手，經過了人們、政府和企業，所有這些都是在電腦上簡單地輸入之後完成的。

We modeled the entire thing to show you how money really works and how it drives the country Inflates prices and ultimately puts you in debt.

我們建立了整個模型來向你展示貨幣是如何運作的，以及它是如何推動國家的發展、哄抬物價並最終讓你負債累累的。

But in order to fully understand how we got to this point, we need to go back to a time before money.

但為了充分理解我們是如何走到這一步的，我們需要回到貨幣出現之前的時代。

If a farmer thousands of years ago needed a new tool, he'd go to the local toolmaker to buy one.

如果幾千年前的農民需要一種新工具，他會去當地的工具製造商購買。

The farmer didn't have anything to give him in return, so instead, they both just agreed that he owed him something in the future.

農夫沒有任何東西可以給他作為回報，所以他們都同意農夫在未來欠他一些東西。

Because the toolmaker trusted the farmer his promise of future value was an acceptable form of payment.

因為工具匠信任農夫，他對未來價值的承諾是一種可以接受的支付方式。

Sure enough, two weeks later, the farmer came back and gave him some food from his farm.

果然兩週後農夫回來了，給了他一些農場裡的食物。

To make transactions easier, people started to pay using more commonly used items like cattle, grain and salt.

為了方便交易，人們開始用更常用的物品來支付，比如牛、穀物和鹽。

Everyone needed these things, but they were hard to come by and that's what made them valuable

每個人都需要這些東西，但它們很難獲得，這就是它們的價值。

The farmer could now buy a tool and pay for it right away using a precise amount of grain That seemed like a fair exchange

農民現在可以購買工具並立即使用精確數量的穀物支付費用這似乎是一個公平的交換。

This made transactions quicker and both parties would leave with something valuable to them.

這使得交易更快，雙方都會留下對他們有價值的東西。

But eventually, the demand for trade was too much and paying with a random mix of bulky objects wasn't good enough.

但最終，貿易需求太大，用隨機組合的大件物品進行支付還不夠。

People eventually settled on using metal coins like gold and silver since they were small, extremely valuable and would last forever, unlike cattle or grain.

人們最終決定使用金銀等金屬硬幣，因為它們體積小，價值極高，可以永遠保存，不像牛或穀物。

Suddenly, trade around the world opened up and things were being bought and sold all the way from China to Europe.

突然之間，世界各地的貿易開始開放，從中國到歐洲的各種物品都可以買賣。

But traveling with so much gold became heavy and dangerous

但攜帶如此多的黃金旅行變得沉重而危險

This was when the whole idea of money started to change.

從那時起，整個金錢觀念開始改變。

In 17th century London, trusted goldsmiths started to take in people's gold coins, promising to look after them for a small fee. In return, they would give the customer a piece of paper a, promise note that allowed them to retrieve their gold at any time.

在 17 世紀的倫敦，值得信賴的金匠開始接收人們的金幣，並承諾以少量費用來保管它們。作為回報，他們會給客戶一張承諾書，讓他們隨時取回黃金。

The key to this piece of paper was that the customer could go to any goldsmith in any town and claim back that exact Amount of gold

這張紙的關鍵在於，顧客可以去任何城鎮的任何金匠那裡索取確切數量的黃金。

The paper itself had no intrinsic value, but it became as good as gold.

紙本身沒有內在價值，但它變得和黃金一樣好。

The notes were so convenient that people started simply Exchanging them to buy and sell things.

紙幣非常方便，人們開始簡單地用紙幣交換來買賣東西。

The goldsmiths realized that most people weren't actually coming to retrieve their gold, snd so they started loaning out fake promise notes to customers, instant money that had to be paid back with interest making the goldsmiths a small profit.

金匠們意識到大多數人實際上並不是來取回他們的黃金的，因此他們開始向顧客出借虛假的承諾票據，必須連本帶利地即時償還資金，這使得金匠們獲得了微薄的利潤。

This was fake money that didn't actually come out of their gold supply.

這是假錢，實際上並不是從他們的黃金供應中產生的。

If a goldsmith loaned out 100 coins, they wouldn't become 100 coins poorer.

如果金匠借出 100 個硬幣，他們也不會變得更窮 100 個硬幣。

They'd simply write the customer a fake note that was worth 100 coins which could be spent anywhere.

他們只需給顧客寫一張價值 100 個硬幣的假鈔，就能在任何地方花掉。

Eventually, the customer would pay back the loan, plus the fee, making the goldsmith 105 coins richer

顧客最終會還清貸款和手續費，使金匠富裕了105枚硬幣。

This could be used against you for things like scams, identity theft, stalking and harassment.

這可能會被用來針對你實施詐騙、身分盜用、跟蹤和騷擾等行為。

On top of that, when marketing agencies get a hold of your data, they start sending you a never-ending supply of spam.

最重要的是，當行銷代理商掌握了您的資料時，他們就會開始向您發送源源不絕的垃圾郵件。

The good news is that you have the right to protect and remove your personal info.

好消息是您有權保護和刪除您的個人資訊。

All you need to do is sign up with DeleteMe, today's sponsor.

您所需要做的就是註冊今天的贊助商DeleteMe。

And they start searching and removing your personal details from hundreds of data brokers.

他們開始從數百個資料經紀人中搜尋並刪除您的個人詳細資料。

You'll get a breakdown of how much data has been removed and where it has been removed from.

您將詳細了解已刪除的資料量以及資料從何處刪除。

DeleteMe will work continually throughout the year to keep your data away from these data brokers.

DeleteMe 將全年持續努力，讓您的資料遠離這些資料經紀人。

They also have a family plan to protect your loved ones from the same problems.

他們還有一個家庭計劃來保護您所愛的人免受同樣的問題。

To remove your data and protect yourself, vsit joindeleteme.com/space and use the code space at checkout to get 20% off.

要刪除您的資料並保護自己，請訪問 joindeleteme.com/space 並在結帳時使用代碼空間以獲得 20% 的折扣。

When the 17th-century goldsmith started handing out fake money, it had a profound effect on the economy.

當 17 世紀的金匠開始發行假幣時，它對經濟產生了深遠的影響。

Before, no new money could enter the system, and so the money that did exist was simply passed around in a cycle whenever a transaction was made.

以前，沒有新的錢可以進入系統，因此只要進行交易，現有的錢就只是在一個循環中傳遞。

But this system had a major flaw. Imagine a group of four people who have a total of one hundred dollars between them.

但這個系統有一個重大缺陷。想像一下，有四個人總共有一百美元。

If person one pays person two for some food, it moves the money around, making it uneven.

如果第一個人付錢給第二個人買一些食物，那麼錢就會四處轉移，從而造成不平衡。

Then person two pays person four for a service and the money moves again.

然後，第二個人向第四個人支付服務費，錢就會再次轉移。

Note that every time money is passed around, value is made and productivity grows.

請注意，每當金錢流通時，就會創造價值並提高生產力。

But eventually, the money supply becomes uneven and less people can participate, slowing down trade and reducing productivity.

但最終，貨幣供應變得不平衡，參與的人數減少，從而減緩貿易並降低生產力。

This system only works if everyone pays each other the exact same amount at the exact same time.

只有當每個人在完全相同的時間向彼此支付完全相同的金額時，系統才能發揮作用。

Something that is impossible in the real world.

這在現實世界中是不可能的事。

By adding more money into the system, it speeds up the economy, allowing businesses to grow, products to be made and ultimately, advances our civilization.

透過向系統中添加更多資金，它可以加速經濟發展，使企業得以發展，產品得以製造，並最終推動我們的文明進步。

And so, a constant flow of new money is crucial in our current system. But how is this actually done?

因此，新資金的持續流入對於我們目前的系統至關重要。但這實際上是如何完成的呢？

We think of banks as places that store our money and keep it safe, ut that's not really what's going on.

我們認為銀行是儲存我們的錢並保證其安全的地方，但事實並非如此。

When you give a bank your money, they are in debt to you.

當你把錢交給銀行時，他們就欠你錢了。

The numbers you see in your bank account aren't real wads of cash sitting in a vault. They are simply promise notes showing that the bank owes you money and that you can claim it back whenever you want.

您在銀行帳戶中看到的數字並不是金庫中真正的現金。它們只是承諾票據，表明銀行欠您錢並且您可以隨時索回。

A loan is the exact same but in the opposite direction.

貸款完全相同，但方向相反。

When banks lend us money, we are in debt to them and we have to pay them back. This is where money really gets made.

當銀行借錢給我們時，我們就欠了他們債，我們必須償還。這才是真正賺錢的地方。

Just like the goldsmiths. When a bank gives out a loan, they don't get poorer.

就像金匠一樣。當銀行發放貸款時，他們不會變得更窮。

They simply type new money into your bank account. It's brand new money that didn't exist before.

他們只需將新資金存入您的銀行帳戶即可。這是以前不存在的全新貨幣。

The only difference is that when you pay it back, the money gets canceled out and the bank only keeps the interest.

唯一的區別是，當你還款時，錢會被取消，銀行只保留利息。

But with that loan, you paid for a new car and that money eventually made its way to the employees of the dealership.

但透過這筆貸款，你支付了一輛新車的費用，這筆錢最終流向了經銷商的員工。

Then they spent that money and it continued to create hundreds of new transactions, powering businesses creating new technologies and providing us with food.

然後他們花掉了這筆錢，並繼續創造數百筆新交易，為企業創造新技術並為我們提供食物提供動力。

All of this value and productivity would never have happened if new money hadn't entered the system.

如果沒有新資金進入系統，所有這些價值和生產力將永遠不會發生。

The problem is that productivity doesn't necessarily increase when we create new money and that can cause inflation.

問題是，當我們創造新貨幣時，生產力不一定會提高，這可能會導致通貨膨脹。

If society starts producing fewer goods, but more money is added into the system, prices will go up since there is more competition for fewer goods.

如果社會開始生產更少的商品，但係統中加入了更多的資金，那麼價格就會上漲，因為對更少商品的競爭會更加激烈。

Because of this, banks have to limit how much money they create.

因此，銀行必須限制它們創造的貨幣數量。

In the past, they could only lend out a portion of the actual cash they had in their backup supply.

過去，他們只能藉出備用供應中實際現金的一部分。

Nowadays, though, banks have almost complete freedom to create as much money as they like.

然而如今，銀行幾乎擁有完全的自由，可以隨心所欲地創造貨幣。

If they are running low on backup money, they can simply go to the central bank and ask for more money and that's where things get ridiculous.

如果他們的備用資金不足，他們可以簡單地去中央銀行要求更多的錢，這就是事情變得荒謬的地方。

To create new money, the government creates a bond which is essentially a loan that provides a steady income.

為了創造新的貨幣，政府創造了一種債券，它本質上是一種提供穩定收入的貸款。

Banks, corporations and foreign countries buy these bonds from the US government and this influx of money goes toward the government's budget.

銀行、企業和外國從美國政府購買這些債券，這些資金流入進入政府預算。

The government uses this money to pay companies and people and it eventually makes its way back to the banks

政府用這筆錢來支付公司和人民的費用，最後又回到銀行

The problem is the US government almost always spends more money than it makes.

問題是美國政府幾乎總是花的錢多於賺的錢。

So it is constantly in debt to those that buy bonds.

因此，它一直欠那些購買債券的人的債。

In order to pay for that debt It uses the taxpayers' money.

為了償還這筆債務，它使用納稅人的錢。

Last year, the government spent almost seven trillion dollars, but your tax money wasn't enough to pay for this and so the government had to create new bonds to receive more money, putting it further in debt and the cycle continues.

去年，政府花費了近七兆美元，但你的稅金不足以支付這些費用，因此政府必須發行新債券來接收更多資金，使其進一步負債，這樣的循環仍在繼續。

As crazy as it sounds this system of adding more money through debt is how most of the world operates.

儘管聽起來很瘋狂，但這種透過債務增加更多資金的製度卻是世界上大多數國家的運作方式。

It isn't necessarily a bad system It's just not running anywhere near maximum efficiency.

這不一定是一個糟糕的系統，它只是沒有以接近最高效率的方式運作。

If banks created money for more productive things like businesses, education and infrastructure, all of this money going into the system could give us higher returns in the long run.

如果銀行為企業、教育和基礎設施等更俱生產力的事物創造資金，那麼從長遠來看，所有進入該系統的資金都可以為我們帶來更高的回報。