Imagine you're a rat.

想象你是一隻老鼠。

You're all alone in a cage with no other rats to spend your time with.

你一個人被關在籠子裡，沒有其他老鼠和你共度時光。

In your cage, you have two choices.

在你的籠子裡，你有兩個選擇。

You can either drink refreshing, clear water or a slightly sweet morphine solution.

您可以選擇飲用清爽的白開水或略帶甜味的嗎啡溶液。

All alone, just wanting the days to go by, you, the rat, inevitably latch onto the morphine.

獨自一人，只希望日子一天天過去，你，這隻老鼠，不可避免地抓住了嗎啡。

Meanwhile, across the lab, there is another enclosure.

與此同時，實驗室對面還有另一個圍牆。

This is the mythic, heavenly cage known as Rat Park.

這就是被稱為 "老鼠公園 "的神話般的天堂牢籠。

In this wonderful place, there are many other rats to socialize with and relate to.

在這個奇妙的地方，還有許多其他老鼠可以與之交往和溝通。

But that is the extent of the differences between your cage and Rat Park.

但這就是你們的籠子和老鼠公園之間的差別。

In Rat Park, the choice remains.

在老鼠公園，選擇依然存在。

Do you drink the water or the morphine?

你是喝水還是喝嗎啡？

After 65 days, you're finally moved to Rat Park and what do you find?

65 天后，你終於被轉移到老鼠公園，你發現了什麼？

You no longer choose the morphine.

你不再選擇嗎啡。

So what was it that made you so addicted?

是什麼讓你如此沉迷？

What's the difference?

有什麼區別？

The difference is loneliness.

不同之處在於孤獨。

Today, we would like to take a close look at how loneliness can make you more addicted.

今天，我們想仔細研究一下孤獨是如何讓人更容易上癮的。

Addiction is common.

上癮很常見。

You may not realize it, but addiction is more common than you think.

您可能沒有意識到，上癮比您想象的要普遍得多。

While there are extremely addictive substances like hard drugs, cigarettes and alcohol, there are also addictive things like coffee and video games that are less destructive but still harmful in their own ways.

雖然有硬性毒品、香菸和酒精等極易上癮的物質，但也有咖啡和電子遊戲等破壞性較小但仍然有害的東西。

Not all addictions are made equal, but there is a common link between all these kinds of addictions.

並不是所有的癮都是一樣的，但所有這些類型的癮之間存在著共同的聯繫。

A Lack of Purpose and Motivation When we have people around us, whether it's those who can help or those who help us, we are instilled with a sense of purpose.

缺乏目標和動力 當我們身邊有人時，無論是能幫助我們的人還是能幫助我們的人，我們都會被灌輸一種目標感。

In the digital age, it becomes more difficult to feel that love and connection to those around us because we may see them physically but interact with them far less.

在數字時代，感受到愛和與周圍人的聯繫變得更加困難，因為我們可能會看到他們的身影，但與他們的互動卻少得多。

Having love in our life encourages us to strive for more.

生活中有了愛，就會鼓勵我們追求更多。

Giving love can be just as helpful as receiving love.

施愛與受愛同樣有益。

Helping people and sharing connections, even with strangers, through volunteering work or social hobbies, can also instill a sense of purpose into your life.

通過志願工作或社交愛好來幫助他人和分享聯繫，即使是與陌生人，也能為你的生活注入使命感。

When we lack these things, addiction fills in the gaps.

當我們缺乏這些東西時，毒癮就會填補我們的空白。

Rather than change the things we don't like about our lives, we fight those feelings with drugs, porn, or any other addictive substance we can get our hands on.

我們不是去改變我們生活中不喜歡的東西，而是用毒品、色情或其他任何我們能得到的成癮物質來對抗這些感覺。

Instead of changing our careers and pursuing something that doesn't feel like torture, our coffee and cigarettes keep us going.

咖啡和香菸讓我們堅持下去，而不是改變我們的職業，去追求那些讓我們感覺不到折磨的東西。

Instead of looking for something we are truly excited to do on the weekend, we prefer to get high, drunk, or do certain addictive activities for an obsessive amount of time.

在週末，我們不是尋找真正讓我們興奮的事情去做，而是喜歡嗑藥、喝酒，或者痴迷地做某些讓人上癮的活動。

It numbs us from the brunt of tedium in our lives.

它讓我們從乏味的生活中麻木起來。

Would you still get high over the weekend if you stayed home all day, watching porn, and playing video games for hours and hours?

如果你整天待在家裡看黃片，玩幾個小時的電子遊戲，你還會在週末嗨起來嗎？

If you knew you were going on a hike with your family or a lunch date with a friend?

如果您知道自己要與家人一起遠足，或與朋友共進午餐？

Let's be honest, many people still would.

老實說，很多人還是會這麼做的。

But every day and for very long hours?

但每天都要工作很長時間嗎？

Perhaps not.

也許不是。

In the rat park study, rats still wanted the morphine from time to time, but they hardly relied on it like the caged rats.

在大鼠公園的研究中，大鼠仍然時不時地想要嗎啡，但它們幾乎不像籠子裡的大鼠那樣依賴嗎啡。

So loneliness affects our sense of purpose, and an injured sense of purpose can make us susceptible to addiction.

孤獨會影響我們的目標感，而受傷的目標感會讓我們容易上癮。

Do addictions always form when you're lonely?

癮總是在孤獨時形成的嗎？

It would be naive to think that it's only lonely people who become addicts.

如果認為只有孤獨的人才會上癮，那就太天真了。

Recreational drugs, alcohol, and sex can all be addictive and are usually circulated in social situations.

娛樂性毒品、酒精和性都會讓人上癮，而且通常在社交場合流傳。

But despite the number of people you surround yourself with, it's important to also examine the quality of these relationships.

不過，儘管你身邊有很多人，但也要審視一下這些關係的品質。

Friends influence your habits.

朋友會影響你的習慣。

If all your friends are smoking or drinking and you're the only one who's not, it can be very difficult to resist joining them to be a part of the group.

如果你所有的朋友都在抽菸或喝酒，只有你沒有，那麼你就很難拒絕加入他們，成為群體中的一員。

What's harder is if you want to quit an addiction but have friends who constantly undermine your efforts to be sober.

更難的是，如果你想戒掉毒癮，但身邊的朋友卻不斷破壞你戒毒的努力。

When trying to break an addiction, having people around you who understand your struggle is what you really need.

在努力戒除毒癮的過程中，你真正需要的是身邊有理解你的人。

This is why programs like Alcoholics Anonymous and having sponsors are so important.

這就是為什麼匿名嗜酒者協會等項目和擁有贊助人如此重要的原因。

Social support, like having a sponsor, gives you an extremely important boon when it comes to recovery.

在康復過程中，社會支持，比如有一個贊助人，會給你帶來極其重要的好處。

This person usually understands, supports, and encourages you when you need it.

在你需要的時候，這個人通常會理解、支持和鼓勵你。

The seemingly impossible task of recovery becomes a lot less scary when you have supportive family, friends, and a sponsor behind you.

如果有支持你的家人、朋友和贊助人在背後支持你，看似不可能完成的康復任務就不會那麼可怕了。

Addictions don't always form when you're lonely, but it definitely helps them stick around.

上癮並不總是在你孤獨的時候形成的，但這絕對有助於它們的持續存在。

You can still be lonely while surrounded by people if the connections you share with those people are entirely superficial.

如果你與這些人之間的聯繫完全是膚淺的，那麼當你被人群包圍時，你仍然會感到孤獨。

Connection as the Cure According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, we need love and belonging, which includes friendship, family, and a sense of connection.

聯繫是治療方法 根據馬斯洛的需求層次理論，我們需要愛和歸屬感，其中包括友誼、家庭和聯繫感。

There's no room for that addictive thing in your life anymore when those needs are being fulfilled.

當這些需求得到滿足後，你的生活中就再也容不下那些令人上癮的東西了。

But we must also be careful that we don't simply replace our addictions with a new addiction, such as an overbearing emotional reliance on others.

但是，我們也必須小心，不要簡單地用新的癮來代替我們的癮，比如在情感上過分依賴他人。

This can come about in many ways.

這可以通過多種方式實現。

Where you may feel like a burden for your faults, that you constantly unload your emotions onto anyone who will have them and become needy, possessive, and infantilized around them.

你可能會因為自己的缺點而覺得自己是個負擔，你會不斷地把自己的情緒卸給任何願意接受你情緒的人，並在他們面前變得需要、佔有慾強、幼稚。

This is why sponsors are so important, since they're equipped to expect and handle this, in order to not become overly dependent, addressing the dependency and the symptoms that prevent you from taking initiative.

這就是為什麼贊助商如此重要的原因，因為他們有能力預見和處理這種情況，以避免過度依賴，解決依賴性和阻礙你採取主動的症狀。

For addicts, this means building emotional resilience and learning to trust yourself and those around you.

對於成癮者來說，這意味著要建立情緒復原能力，學會信任自己和周圍的人。

You can appreciate the people in your life who keep you from reaching for those addictions without feeling heavily indebted to them.

你可以感激生活中的人，是他們讓你不再沉迷於這些東西，而不會覺得虧欠他們太多。

Whether it's drugs, food, or video game addiction, the connections we have should help us feel grounded and fulfilled rather than pushing us back to our addictions.

無論是毒癮、食癮還是電子遊戲癮，我們所擁有的聯繫都應該讓我們感到踏實和充實，而不是把我們推回到癮頭上。

In every addict, there is someone who has a void to fill and for a lot of people, the void that craves porn, drugs, and alcohol is also the void that craves connection and understanding.

每個癮君子都有需要填補的空虛，對很多人來說，渴望色情、毒品和酒精的空虛也是渴望聯繫和理解的空虛。

There are so many elements that we have to balance that make us more complex than the rats in the rat park.

我們要平衡的因素太多了，這讓我們比老鼠公園裡的老鼠還要複雜。

Loneliness can shake our self-esteem and our sense of fulfillment and purpose, but the cure is up to us.

孤獨會動搖我們的自尊，動搖我們的成就感和目標感，但治癒的方法取決於我們自己。

We need to reach out to the people we can rely on, but we also need to be reliable people.

我們需要聯繫我們可以依靠的人，但我們也需要成為可靠的人。

You don't know how lonely your family members and friends really feel.

你不知道你的家人和朋友到底有多孤獨。

Have you ever dealt with an addiction or helped someone through an addiction?

您是否曾染上毒癮或幫助他人戒毒？

Let us know in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們。

Please remember to leave a like if you enjoyed the video and subscribe to Psych2Go for more like this.

如果您喜歡這部影片，請記得留下讚，並訂閱 Psych2Go 以獲取更多類似內容。