Name: 失落的瑪雅世界（全集） | 國家地理 (Lost World of the Maya (Full Episode) | National Geographic)
Uploaded: 2024-12-06T14:11:04.000Z
Duration: 44 min 25 s

Hidden beneath the vast canopy is a lost world of the ancient Maya.

在廣袤的樹冠下，隱藏著一個失落的古瑪雅世界。

Nearly 2 million square miles of lush green hide centuries-old cities riddled with mysteries.

近 200 萬平方公里的翠綠土地上，隱藏著一座座充滿神祕色彩的百年古城。

But today, lasers in the sky are helping to expose these secrets.

但如今，天空中的脈衝光正在幫助揭開這些祕密。

It's kind of like having x-ray vision and seeing beneath the canopy without having the touch of a single leaf.

這就有點像擁有 X 光透視眼，不用觸碰一片樹葉就能看到樹冠下的景象。

Archaeologists are using this new superpower to unearth treasures on the ground.

考古學家正在利用這一新的超能力發掘地面上的寶藏。

We are starting to get information from all kinds of places where we knew absolutely nothing.

我們開始從各種我們一無所知的地方獲得資訊。

It's changing our understanding of the Maya and helping to create a treasure map of Maya's lost world.

它改變了我們對瑪雅人的認識，有助於繪製瑪雅失落世界的藏寶圖。

Today, what escapes eyes on the ground is often clear to hundreds of more powerful eyes in the sky.

如今，地面上看不到的東西，在天空中數百隻更強大的眼睛面前往往一目瞭然。

New technologies are being applied to archaeology, and it's gathering more information than ever thought possible. 2018 was an exciting year for the Maya.

新技術正在應用於考古學，它收集到的資訊比以往任何時候都要多。2018 年對於瑪雅人來說是激動人心的一年。

Across the Guatemala landscape, thousands of new ruins were popping up.

在瓜地馬拉各地，數以千計的新遺址不斷湧現。

Once-hidden structures are being revealed through satellites and a laser-scanning technology called LiDAR.

通過衛星和一種名為激光雷達的脈衝光掃描技術，曾經被隱藏起來的結構逐漸顯露出來。

One of the most exciting tools that we have in our hands that we're just beginning to use in the Amazon is LiDAR.

我們手中最令人興奮的工具之一是激光雷達，我們剛剛開始在亞馬遜地區使用這種工具。

LiDAR scanning lets us see through the forest canopy to what lies below.

通過激光雷達掃描，我們可以透過林冠看到下面的情況。

It works by firing streams of light pulses from an aircraft to the ground and timing the return of the pulse when it bounces back to the sensor.

它的工作原理是從飛機向地面發射光脈衝流，並對脈衝反彈回傳感器時的返回時間進行計時。

This reconstructs shapes under the canopy, almost like seeing with x-ray vision.

這可以重建天幕下的形狀，幾乎就像用 X 射線視力看東西一樣。

Every time that we have found a new set of tools, we get an insight into something that we've never imagined possible in the Amazon.

每當我們發現一套新的工具時，我們就會了解到在亞馬遜地區從未想象過的東西。

And I think LiDAR is one of these things that's going to completely change how we understand the landscape.

我認為，激光雷達將徹底改變我們對地貌的認識。

The trees have always been what's kept us from understanding what's happening in the Amazon, and now we can see through them.

一直以來，樹木阻礙了我們瞭解亞馬遜河流域的情況，而現在我們可以看穿它們。

More than 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve have been mapped to reveal massive feats of engineering for the very first time.

對瑪雅生物圈保護區 800 多平方英里的土地進行了測繪，首次揭示了巨大的工程壯舉。

Taken together, the images point to a far more sprawling and sophisticated society.

綜合來看，這些圖片展示了一個更加龐大和複雜的社會。

Man-made structures appear, complex roads, temples, and palaces.

出現了人工建築、複雜的道路、寺廟和宮殿。

Engineering like this would make today's city planners proud.

這樣的工程會讓今天的城市規劃者感到自豪。

這樣一個偉大的社會怎麼會失敗呢？

Laser mapping is the latest tool used to help unlock mysteries of the ancient Maya world.

脈衝光測繪是幫助揭開古瑪雅世界神祕面紗的最新工具。

For decades, archaeologists have pieced together clues from ruins discovered the old-fashioned way, on foot.

幾十年來，考古學家都是通過徒步這種古老的方式，從發現的廢墟中拼湊線索。

Ten years ago, in the heart of Mexico's Yucatan region, the ruins of a forgotten Maya town called Kiwik emerged from the jungle, without the help of aerial LiDAR.

十年前，在墨西哥尤卡坦半島的中心地帶，一個被遺忘的瑪雅小鎮基維克（Kiwik）的遺址從叢林中浮現出來，而這一切都離不開航空激光雷達的幫助。

In 800 A.D., a local king ruled here and built an impressive pyramid shrine. 20,000 rocks, cut and stacked 30 feet high.

公元 800 年，一位當地國王統治了這裡，並建造了一座令人印象深刻的金字塔神殿。這裡有 2 萬塊岩石，切割後堆疊起來有 30 英尺高。

The ancient Maya often placed royal tombs under pyramids.

古瑪雅人經常把王室墓葬放在金字塔下。

So, on a hunch, archaeologist George Bay decides to sink a shaft straight through Kiwik's pyramid.

於是，考古學家喬治-貝憑著直覺，決定在基維克的金字塔中挖出一個豎井。

This building represents an artifact that provides us with information about the evolution of Maya society.

這座建築是一件文物，為我們提供了有關瑪雅社會演變的資訊。

By examining it, we hope to understand how Kiwik evolved.

通過研究，我們希望瞭解 Kiwik 是如何進化的。

Bay has been working in the Yucatan for three decades, coaxing from the earth a snapshot of what life must have been like for the little-known Maya who lived here, called the Northern or Poop Maya.

三十年來，貝伊一直在尤卡坦半島工作，他從大地中捕捉到了生活在這裡的鮮為人知的瑪雅人（被稱為北瑪雅人或便便瑪雅人）的生活縮影。

We have surprises. 21 feet into the hole, Bay and his team make an important find.

我們有驚喜在洞口 21 英尺處，貝和他的團隊有了重要發現。

Though, to the untrained eye, it just looks like another piece of rubble.

不過，在外行人看來，這只是另一塊瓦礫而已。

And so, for us, this is a very distinctive type of stone.

是以，對我們來說，這是一種非常獨特的石頭。

And this back part of it is cut like this, angled, and that would have stuck into the wall.

它後面的部分是這樣切割的，有一定的角度，這樣就可以插進牆裡。

These special vault stones were not used to build pyramids, but to hold up the ceilings of buildings.

這些特殊的拱頂石不是用來建造金字塔的，而是用來支撐建築物的天花板。

Yet, inexplicably, here is one deep in the pyramid.

然而，令人費解的是，這裡的金字塔深處卻有一個。

And when they dig under the base of the pyramid, they find something even more out of place, the foundation of an ancient building.

當他們挖到金字塔底座時，發現了一個更不尋常的東西，那就是一座古代建築的地基。

It consists of several steps in a talud shape.

它由幾個步驟組成，呈大廈狀。

Do you have an idea of when this might date to?

你知道這個日期是什麼時候嗎？

The pyramid dates to 800 A.D., but analysis of pottery fragments confirms the foundation under the pyramid is 300 years older, dating to 500 A.D.

金字塔可追溯到公元 800 年，但對陶器碎片的分析證實，金字塔下的地基要早 300 年，可追溯到公元 500 年。

To understand why requires a trip south, back to Guatemala, 600 B.C., the earliest days of Maya civilization.

要了解其中的原因，就需要向南旅行，回到公元前 600 年的瓜地馬拉，即瑪雅文明的早期。

Scholars always believed it was here, in a region called the Mirador Basin, that Maya civilization was born.

學者們一直認為，瑪雅文明就誕生在這裡，一個叫做米拉多盆地的地區。

Early kings raised the jungles and built monumental cities.

早期的國王們開墾叢林，建造不朽的城市。

Over the next thousand years, the Maya civilization became the most advanced in the Americas.

在接下來的一千年裡，瑪雅文明成為美洲最先進的文明。

They mastered mathematics and astronomy, perfected the first written language of the Western Hemisphere, and produced stunning works of art.

他們掌握了數學和天文學，完善了西半球最早的書面語言，並創造了令人驚歎的藝術作品。

But in 700 A.D., there was a massive breakdown.

但在公元 700 年，出現了大規模的崩潰。

War, political strife, and famine rocked the Maya world.

戰爭、政治紛爭和饑荒震撼著瑪雅世界。

Cities abandoned, and hordes of refugees escape fleeing north.

城市被遺棄，大批難民逃往北方。

As part of this wave, one refugee king sets down roots in Kiwi, founds the town, and soon after, builds a pyramid.

在這股浪潮中，一位難民國王在基維紮下了根，建立了這座小鎮，並在不久之後建造了一座金字塔。

At least, that's what scientists had always thought.

至少，科學家們一直是這麼認為的。

With the discovery of the ancient building foundation, the dates don't add up.

隨著古建築地基的發現，日期也不對了。

The foundation dates from 500 A.D., but Maya refugees don't arrive here until at least two centuries later.

這裡的地基可追溯到公元 500 年，但瑪雅難民至少在兩個世紀後才來到這裡。

Was someone already occupying Kiwi when the refugees arrived?

難民到來時，是否已經有人佔領了奇異果？

Seventeen miles away, another discovery raises more questions.

在 17 英里之外，另一個發現引發了更多疑問。

Its location is being kept a closely guarded secret, for fear of looters.

由於擔心遭到搶劫，其位置被嚴加保密。

Few archaeologists have seen the discovery in person, including Farimat Tekpul.

包括 Farimat Tekpul 在內，很少有考古學家親眼看到過這一發現。

Getting to this discovery is no easy task.

It's 230 feet underground, in the bottom of a cave.

它位於地下 230 英尺的洞穴底部。

The tunnel is narrow, and only one person can fit through at a time.

隧道很窄，一次只能容納一個人通過。

HIDDEN TREASURE There is a wall here, marking an entrance that separates the two areas, a public space and a sacred space.

隱藏的寶藏 這裡有一堵牆，是分隔公共空間和神聖空間兩個區域的入口。

It appears that countless torches and ritual fires once burned here.

這裡似乎曾經燃燒過無數的火把和祭祀之火。

The Maya believed that caves were the dwelling place of gods.

Maya priests made pilgrimage here on special religious holidays, consuming hallucinogenic plants to commune with the deities.

瑪雅祭司在特殊的宗教節日來此朝聖，食用致幻植物與神靈交流。

The chamber is cluttered with broken pottery.

Here is an intentional deposit of ceramics where the Maya broke vessels as part of an offering.

這裡是瑪雅人有意堆放陶瓷的地方，瑪雅人把打碎的器皿作為祭品的一部分。

They broke the vessel as part of an offering.

他們打碎了容器，作為祭品的一部分。

Scholars suspect that breaking ceramics released the power of the offering.

學者們懷疑，打破陶瓷可以釋放祭品的力量。

They would break the vessel and scatter it around the cave.

他們會把容器打碎，散落在洞穴周圍。

There is almost always one piece missing.

So we think that the Maya took one piece with them and perhaps buried it outside the cave.

是以，我們認為瑪雅人帶走了一塊，也許是埋在了洞穴外面。

Maya priests relied on ropes made of vines to get here.

瑪雅祭司依靠藤蔓編織的繩索來到這裡。

But even with modern climbing gear, Fatima's journey still takes three hours.

但即使有了現代化的登山裝備，法蒂瑪的旅程仍然需要三個小時。

She finally reaches the cave's most sacred point and discovers an extraordinary underworld.

她終於到達了洞穴最神聖的地方，發現了一個非同尋常的地下世界。

Ancient Maya paintings adorn the walls of the cave's burial tomb.

古瑪雅繪畫裝飾著洞穴墓室的牆壁。

One image uses the contours of the cave to create a unique three-dimensional jaguar.

其中一幅圖片利用洞穴的輪廓創造出一隻獨特的三維美洲虎。

Another portrays a mythical hunt with a ghost-like jaguar and deer.

另一幅畫描繪的是神話中的狩獵場景，畫中有一隻幽靈般的美洲豹和鹿。

What's striking about this painting is that the representations are not real.

這幅畫引人注目的地方在於，畫中的表象並不真實。

They are in the underworld, in the world of death.

他們在陰間，在死亡的世界裡。

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失落的瑪雅世界（全集） | 國家地理 (Lost World of the Maya (Full Episode) | National Geographic)

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