In this programme, political crisis in South Korea.

在本節目中，我們將討論韓國的政治危機。

Hello, I'm Phil.

你好，我是菲爾。

And I'm Beth.

我叫貝絲

In this programme, we look at one big news story and the vocabulary in the headlines that will help you understand it.

在本節目中，我們將介紹一則重大新聞，以及有助於您理解新聞的標題詞彙。

You can find all the vocabulary and headlines from this episode as well as a worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.

您可以在我們的網站 bbclearningenglish.com 上找到這一集的所有詞彙和標題以及工作表。

So, let's hear more about this story.

那麼，讓我們來聽聽這個故事的更多內容。

South Korea's President, Yun Sung-yool, declared martial law, asking the armed forces to suspend normal democratic freedoms, for example, being able to protest.

韓國總統尹錫悅宣佈戒嚴，要求武裝部隊中止普遍的民主自由，例如進行抗議活動。

Yun said martial law was needed because of threats from North Korea.

尹錫悅說，由於來自北韓的威脅，需要實行戒嚴。

But critics say Yun wanted to use martial law as a response to scandals and problems he faces.

但責備人士說，尹卓希望用戒嚴令來應對他面臨的醜聞和問題。

Facing opposition, President Yun ended the state of martial law just hours after it had been declared.

面對反對，尹總統在宣佈戒嚴後僅幾小時就結束了戒嚴狀態。

Our first headline is talking about the situation at the time of recording.

我們的第一個標題是關於錄音時的情況。

And again that headline, political chaos in South Korea.

還是那個標題，韓國政局混亂。

What is martial law and what comes next after Yun Sung-yool's U-turn?

什麼是戒嚴令？尹成烈的 "大轉彎 "會帶來什麼？

And that's from The Guardian.

這是《衛報》的報道。

This headline talks about chaos in South Korea.

這則頭條新聞談到了韓國的混亂局面。

It talks about martial law and it's asking what will happen next after Yun Sung-yool's U-turn.

它談到了戒嚴令，並詢問在尹成烈轉身之後接下來會發生什麼。

We're going to look at U-turn.

我們來看看 U 形轉彎。

Now, this sounds like something you do in a car.

現在，這聽起來像是在車裡做的事情。

It is, although that is not what it means here.

是的，雖然在這裡不是這個意思。

If you make a U-turn in a car, it means you turn around and drive back in the direction you came from.

如果你開車掉頭，就意味著你調轉車頭，沿著來時的方向開回去。

We call it a U-turn because you drive in the shape of the letter U.

我們稱其為 U 形轉彎，因為你要按字母 U 的形狀行駛。

Yes, when it's used metaphorically, rather than drive in the opposite direction, it means to go back on a decision that you've made and do the opposite.

是的，如果用在比喻上，與其說是向相反的方向行駛，不如說是反悔自己做出的決定，做相反的事情。

Exactly.

沒錯。

In this story, it's about the decision to declare and then end martial law.

在這個故事中，是關於宣佈戒嚴令和結束戒嚴令的決定。

It's very commonly used to talk about decisions in politics and often negatively to criticise someone's ability to make a decision or judgement when they change their policy.

它非常常用於談論政治中的決策，而且經常被用來責備某人在改變政策時的決策或判斷能力。

For example, if a government promises to lower taxes but then raises them, that is a U-turn.

例如，如果政府承諾降低稅收，但隨後又提高了稅收，這就是 "掉頭"。

So, we had U-turn, a reversed decision.

是以，我們做出了 U 形轉彎，一個逆轉的決定。

For example, the council made a U-turn on their decision to close the swimming pool after local protests.

例如，在當地人的抗議下，議會改變了關閉游泳池的決定。

This is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.

這裡是 "從新聞中學習英語"，我們的播客介紹新聞標題。

Today we're talking about the South Korean president's attempt to impose martial law.

今天我們要討論的是韓國總統試圖實施戒嚴令的問題。

And our next headline describes the chaotic events leading up to the calls for the South Korean president to be impeached.

我們的下一條頭條新聞描述了導致要求彈劾韓國總統的混亂事件。

Korea's Yun backpedalling promises to lift martial law and that's from Politico.

韓國尹炳世收回瞭解除戒嚴令的承諾，這是 Politico 的報道。

That headline again, Korea's Yun backpedalling promises to lift martial law and that's from Politico.

頭條新聞再次提到，韓國總統尹炳世撤回瞭解除戒嚴令的承諾。

As we've heard, South Korea's President Yun briefly declared martial law, a move which shocked South Koreans and caused leaders around the world to express their deep concerns.

正如我們所聽到的，韓國總統尹炳世短暫宣佈戒嚴，此舉令韓國民眾震驚，也引起了世界各國領導人的深切關注。

After Yun declared martial law, South Korean MPs forced their way back into the parliament building and voted to block the martial law decision.

尹炳世宣佈戒嚴後，韓國國會議員強行進入國會大樓，投票阻止了戒嚴決定。

Yun reversed his decision and the vocabulary we're interested in describes that move.

雲推翻了他的決定，我們感興趣的詞彙描述了這一舉動。

It's backpedalling.

這是倒退。

OK, so let's break this word down, Phil.

好吧，讓我們把這個詞分解一下，菲爾。

If we look into it, we can see two parts, back and pedalling.

如果我們仔細觀察，可以看到兩個部分，即背部和踏板。

Do you ride a bike?

你騎自行車嗎？

Yes, I do.

是的，我知道。

And when you ride a bike, you use the pedals with your feet to move the bike forward.

而當你騎自行車時，你用腳踩踏板來推動自行車前進。

And so in this headline, the pedal and the movement forward is metaphorical.

是以，在這個標題中，踏板和前進是隱喻性的。

We're talking about a process, the process of imposing martial law.

我們說的是一個過程，一個實施戒嚴的過程。

But the first part of the word backpedalling is back, so this means that a process that was started is now going in the other direction.

但是，"backpedalling"（倒退）一詞的前半部分是 "回來"，所以這意味著一個已經開始的進程現在正朝著另一個方向發展。

So simply by saying that Yun is backpedalling, the headline means that the South Korean President is reversing a previous decision, similar to U-turn.

是以，單單說尹炳世倒退，標題就意味著韓國總統正在推翻之前的決定，類似於 U-turn。

So how are backpedalling and U-turn different?

那麼，倒退和掉頭有什麼不同呢？

Well, they can be used to talk about the same thing.

嗯，它們可以用來談論同一件事。

They are here, but U-turn focuses on a sudden change, while backpedalling describes a process as you are going back on a decision.

它們都在這裡，但 "U-turn "側重於突然的變化，而 "backpedalling "描述的是一個過程，因為你要重新做出決定。

So we had backpedalling, deciding not to do a thing that you'd started or said you were going to do.

是以，我們有了退步，決定不做你已經開始或說過要做的事情。

For example, Juan said he was going to paint the house at the weekend, but now he's backpedalling and saying it'll be the week after.

例如，胡安說他要在週末粉刷房子，但現在他又反悔了，說要在後一週。

This is Learning English from the News, our podcast about the news headlines.

這裡是 "從新聞中學習英語"，我們的播客介紹新聞標題。

Today we're talking about political chaos in South Korea.

今天我們要討論的是韓國的政治混亂。

Next, we have another headline talking about Yun's introduction of martial law.

接下來，我們又看到了一條關於尹上校實施戒嚴令的頭條新聞。

South Korea's Yun ends martial law after political gamble, and that's from Bloomberg.

韓國尹炳世在政治賭博後結束戒嚴令，這是彭博社的報道。

And that headline again, South Korea's Yun ends martial law after political gamble, and that's from Bloomberg.

又是這個標題，"韓國尹在政治賭博後結束戒嚴令"，這是彭博社的報道。

So we hear that President Yun ended the state of martial law, and we're looking at the word gamble.

是以，我們聽說尹總統結束了戒嚴狀態，而我們正在關注賭博這個詞。

Now literally, a gamble is where you play a game with something at risk, usually money.

從字面上理解，賭博就是你用某種東西（通常是金錢）來玩遊戲。

If you succeed, you gain something, but if you fail, you lose something.

成功則有所得，失敗則有所失。

Here, we're looking at a political gamble.

在這裡，我們看到的是一場政治賭博。

It's a metaphor to talk about a risky strategy.

這是一個比喻，用來比喻一種冒險的策略。

President Yun was unpopular and thought that he could win support by declaring martial law.

惲代英總統不得人心，以為宣佈戒嚴就能贏得支持。

However, this was a risky strategy and there are suggestions that now he may need to resign, or that he could be removed from office by the National Assembly.

然而，這是一個冒險的策略，有消息稱，現在他可能需要辭職，或被國民議會免職。

We can use gamble to talk about anything risky we do.

我們可以用 "賭博 "來形容我們所做的任何有風險的事情。

Changing your job is often a gamble because you don't know if the new job will be better than the old one.

換工作往往是一場賭博，因為你不知道新工作是否會比舊工作更好。

We've been looking at gamble, a risky strategy.

我們一直在研究賭博，一種冒險的策略。

For example, the President's gamble to call an early election paid off.

例如，總統提前舉行大選的賭博取得了成功。

She won easily.

她贏得很輕鬆。

That's it for this episode of Learning English from the News.

本期 "從新聞中學習英語 "節目到此結束。

We'll be back next week with another news story.

下週，我們將為您帶來另一則新聞。

Now, if you've enjoyed this programme, make sure you come back every week for a new episode of Learning English from the News.

如果您喜歡這個節目，請務必每週回來收看新一期的 "從新聞中學習英語 "節目。

Bye for now.

再見。

Goodbye. you

再見。