Most of it is still classified.

大部分內容仍屬機密。

The goal?

目標是什麼？

A single nuclear bomb so powerful it would destroy all of human civilization.

一枚威力巨大的核彈就能摧毀整個人類文明。

Conceived in cold logic from the mind of a genius scientist.

天才科學家以冷酷的邏輯思維構思而成。

Sundial had the energy equivalent of 10 billion tons of TNT.

日晷的能量相當於 100 億噸 TNT 炸藥。

A pyramid of explosives 13 times taller than the actual Great Pyramid. 3,000 more than all the bombs dropped during World War II.

一座炸藥金字塔比真正的大金字塔高 13 倍。比第二次世界大戰期間投下的所有炸彈還多 3000 枚。

If you dropped the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima every minute, it would take you over 15 months to match Sundial.

如果每分鐘都投下一顆摧毀廣島的原子彈，那麼要花 15 個多月才能趕上日晷。

How was it even possible for us to achieve this insane level of madness?

我們怎麼可能達到如此瘋狂的程度？

Everything is different forever.

一切都永遠不同了。

Let's set the stage.

讓我們開始吧。

If you were 40 in 1945, that means you were born in 1905.

如果你在 1945 年 40 歲，這意味著你出生於 1905 年。

Back then, monarchs ruled over much of the world.

那時，君主統治著世界的大部分地區。

Only 3% of homes in the U.S. had electricity.

美國只有 3% 的家庭用上了電。

Cities were dominated by horses.

城市是馬的天下。

The first experimental planes had just flown.

第一架實驗飛機剛剛起飛。

Less than 100,000 soldiers died in war each year.

每年死於戰爭的阿兵哥不到 10 萬人。

Imagine growing up in this world and seeing change almost too fast to keep up with.

想象一下，在這個世界上成長，看到的變化幾乎快得讓人無法跟上。

By 1945, 24 million soldiers and 50 million civilians had died in two world wars.

到 1945 年，已有 2 400 萬阿兵哥和 5 000 萬平民死於兩次世界大戰。

And suddenly, there were TVs, microwaves, jet planes, and nuclear bombs.

突然之間，電視、微波爐、噴氣式飛機和核彈都出現了。

They kind of broke the brains of the people alive back then.

當時活著的人腦子都快被他們打壞了。

Overnight, nowhere from the edge of space to the bottom of the ocean was safe.

一夜之間，從太空邊緣到海底，沒有一處是安全的。

It's hard for us today to understand the level of terror this instilled in people.

我們今天很難理解這給人們帶來的恐懼程度。

The implications were wild.

其影響是巨大的。

Without nuclear weapons, it seemed you'd stand no chance in future conflicts.

如果沒有核武器，在未來的衝突中你們似乎毫無勝算。

Nations without that power would get trampled by those that did have it, no matter how big their armies were.

沒有這種力量的國家，無論其軍隊規模有多大，都會被擁有這種力量的國家踐踏。

There was one brief moment where it could all have been stopped.

有那麼一瞬間，一切本可以停止。

In 1946, the U.S. proposed the Baruch Plan and promised to get rid of their atom bombs, share nuclear technology with the world, and set up an international authority to make sure no one ever built such weapons again.

1946 年，美國提出了 "巴魯克計劃"，承諾銷燬原子彈，與世界分享核技術，併成立一個國際機構，確保不再有人制造此類武器。

But the military advantage of nuclear bombs was too great to let go.

但是，核彈在軍事上的優勢實在是太大了，讓人無法放手。

Just three years later, the Soviet Union detonated their first atom bomb.

僅僅三年後，蘇聯就引爆了他們的第一顆原子彈。

This caught everyone by complete surprise.

這讓所有人都大吃一驚。

The Soviets were not decades behind American technology, but had just pulled even.

蘇聯的技術並沒有落後美國幾十年，而是剛剛拉平。

Shock turned into fear, and fear makes people do crazy things.

震驚變成了恐懼，恐懼讓人們做出瘋狂的舉動。

The whole concept of what war was and how it would be won was overturned in a hot second.

戰爭是什麼以及如何贏得戰爭的整個概念瞬間被顛覆。

In a world where your enemy could fly over your soldiers and vaporize your cities, the only answer seemed to be a nuclear arsenal that could strike faster and harder.

在這樣一個世界裡，敵人可以飛越你的阿兵哥，蒸發你的城市，唯一的答案似乎就是能夠更快、更猛烈地打擊敵人的核武庫。

The nuclear arms race began.

核軍備競賽開始了。

In 1946, there were just nine nuclear bombs in the world.

1946 年，世界上只有 9 枚核彈。

In 1950, the number was 300.

1950 年，這一數字為 300。

In 1960, it would be 20,000.

1960 年，這一數字為 20 000。

In a way, the nuclear arms race was pretty daft.

從某種程度上說，核軍備競賽是非常愚蠢的。

One superpower would develop a powerful new bomb and detonate it, and then the other side would build something more powerful and blow it up, and this would continue endlessly.

一個超級大國會研製出威力巨大的新炸彈並引爆，然後另一方會製造出威力更大的炸彈並將其炸燬，這樣的情況會無休止地持續下去。

A dirty and wasteful game of creating more and more horror that seemed totally reasonable at the time.

一場骯髒而浪費的遊戲，製造出越來越多的恐怖，這在當時看來是完全合理的。

Superpowers spent trillions to have thousands of the most intelligent people show off how hard they could destroy humanity.

超級大國花費數萬億美元，讓數以千計的最聰明的人炫耀他們可以如何摧毀人類。

Fear had to be met with much greater horrors, and one man knew how to make nightmares real.

恐懼必須以更大的恐怖來應對，而有一個人知道如何讓噩夢成真。

But what if we destroy humanity even harder?

但是，如果我們更猛烈地毀滅人類呢？

Edward Teller was a brilliant Hungarian theoretical physicist.

愛德華-泰勒是一位傑出的匈牙利理論物理學家。

He was among the first people to realize that the fission chain reaction in uranium could make a bomb, and he helped to build it.

他是最早意識到鈾的裂變鏈式反應可以製造原子彈的人之一，並幫助製造了原子彈。

But for Teller, the bombs were not powerful enough.

但對特勒來說，炸彈的威力還不夠大。

He was ready to pay any price for security, and to be more secure, to be less afraid, he urged that larger bombs were the answer.

為了更安全，為了減少恐懼，他敦促使用更大的炸彈。

Even in the 1950s, this was a pretty hot take, and many scientists were appalled by his ideas.

即使在 20 世紀 50 年代，這也是一個相當熱門的觀點，許多科學家都對他的觀點感到震驚。

He didn't care one bit, and incessantly lobbied scared politicians to greenlight more devastating nuclear weapons.

他一點也不在乎，不停地遊說膽戰心驚的政客，為更具毀滅性的核武器開綠燈。

And, lucky for him, his timing was just right.

幸運的是，他的時機恰到好處。

Terrified by the rapid nuclear progress of the Soviet Union, he got a blank check from the military to bring his most destructive fantasy to life.

蘇聯核技術的飛速發展讓他惶恐不安，軍方給他開了一張空白支票，讓他把自己最具破壞性的幻想變成現實。

It took him only a few years to make them a reality, the hydrogen bomb.

他只用了幾年時間就把氫彈變成了現實。

A hydrogen bomb is so powerful that it needs a regular atom bomb just to trigger it.

氫彈威力巨大，需要普通原子彈才能引爆。

It's basically a nuke, the first stage, next to a capsule of fusion fuel, the second stage, encased by dense materials like lead.

它基本上是一個核彈（第一級），旁邊是一個聚變燃料艙（第二級），由鉛等緻密材料包裹。

When the atom bomb is detonated, it releases ungodly amounts of X-rays that get channeled onto the capsule.

原子彈爆炸時，會釋放出大量的 X 射線，這些射線會被導入膠囊。

The capsule's surface explodes, pushing inwards and compressing the fusion fuel so violently that for a brief moment, it simulates a star.

太空艙表面爆炸，向內推擠並猛烈壓縮聚變燃料，在短暫的時間內，它模擬出一顆恆星。

When this bomb was first tested in 1952, it instantly erased a Pacific island from the map.

1952 年，該原子彈首次試爆，瞬間將一個太平洋島嶼從地圖上抹去。

Two years later, he tested an even bigger nuke, 1,000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb.

兩年後，他試驗了一枚更大的核彈，威力是廣島原子彈的 1000 倍。

The world recalled in horror.

全世界都驚恐地回想起來。

With weapons this powerful, war stopped being about winning and total human annihilation became very real.

有了如此強大的武器，戰爭不再是為了勝利，人類的徹底毀滅變得非常現實。

Teller celebrated.

特勒慶祝道。

In just two years, he had enabled the creation of American warheads a hundred times more powerful.

僅僅兩年時間，他就製造出了威力大百倍的美國彈頭。

He had stolen the nuclear fire from the gods and awoken cosmic horrors, but he insisted that it was still not enough.

他從眾神那裡竊取了核火焰，喚醒了宇宙恐怖，但他堅持認為這還不夠。

His dream was to have a bomb of almost unlimited power.

他的夢想是擁有一枚威力幾乎無限的炸彈。

And once again, his timing was pretty great.

他又一次把握住了時機。

When the Soviet Union detonated its own hydrogen bomb, it sparked a new wave of fear.

當蘇聯引爆自己的氫彈時，引發了新一輪的恐懼。

This is where we get the top secret Project Sundial.

在這裡，我們瞭解到了絕密的 "日晷項目"。

The bomb to make all other bombs irrelevant.

讓所有其他炸彈都失去意義的炸彈。

The final bomb.

最後的炸彈

Teller skipped right to the end.

特勒直接跳到了最後。

The end of the nuclear arms race.

核軍備競賽的結束

He wanted to build a world destroyer.

他想建造一個世界毀滅者。

Something so breathtakingly destructive, so incredibly scary, that it made no sense to continue playing.

破壞力如此驚人，可怕得令人難以置信，繼續玩下去毫無意義。

Almost everything about it is still classified, but what we do know about it is terrifying.

關於它的一切幾乎都還處於保密狀態，但我們所知道的一切都非常可怕。

Work on it actually began and tests were planned.

實際工作已經開始，並計劃進行測試。

Sundial wouldn't be some warhead loaded up onto a bomber and dropped on a target.

日晷不會是裝在轟炸機上投向目標的彈頭。

No, it would be a backyard bomb.

不，那是後院炸彈。

After all, if a bomb can destroy the world, why bother moving it at all?

畢竟，如果一枚炸彈就能毀滅世界，那還動它幹什麼？

No need to bring it close to your enemies.

沒必要讓它靠近你的敵人。

You could as well just put it in your backyard.

你還不如把它放在自家後院。

Maybe it would have actually been put in the center of the country.

也許它真的會被放在國家的中心。

Maybe it would have been put on a remote island or stored on a ship.

也許它會被放在一個偏僻的小島上，或者存放在一艘船上。

We don't know what the actual plans were.

我們不知道實際計劃是什麼。

But this underlines how insane this weapon was and that Teller knew exactly what he was proposing.

但這恰恰說明了這種武器是多麼瘋狂，也說明特勒非常清楚自己在提出什麼建議。

In his mind, the rationale was the ultimate deterrence.

在他看來，這樣做的理由是最終的威懾。

If you attack us or our allies, we will destroy the world.

如果你們攻擊我們或我們的盟友，我們將毀滅世界。

On a technical level, his concept was not even that complicated.

在技術層面上，他的概念甚至並不複雜。

It was probably some kind of nuclear matryoshka doll.

這可能是某種核瑪特里奧什卡娃娃。

The truly breathtaking thing is the idea itself and that he actually attempted to make it real.

真正令人歎為觀止的是這個想法本身，以及他真的試圖將其變為現實。

From what we know, Sundial would have weighed at least 2,000 tons, as massive as a 250-meter-long cargo train.

據我們所知，"日晷 "號至少重達 2000 噸，相當於一列 250 米長的貨運列車。

It would explode with the power of at least 10 billion tons of TNT, a number so big it doesn't mean anything anymore.

它的爆炸威力至少相當於 100 億噸 TNT炸藥，這個數字大得已經沒有任何意義了。

So let's make this a bit more graphic and explode it in Nevada.

所以，讓我們把這個問題說得更形象一點，在內華達州爆炸吧。

One wild thing about it is that humanity never tested anything remotely like it, so this is the best speculation we developed together with experts.

它的一個瘋狂之處在於，人類從未測試過任何類似的東西，是以這是我們與專家一起得出的最佳推測。

For a brief moment, a fireball of pure energy appears, up to 50 kilometers in diameter, larger than the visible horizon.

剎那間，一個純能量的火球出現了，直徑達 50 公里，大於可見的地平線。

It radiates blistering heat at the speed of light.

它以光速散發出刺眼的熱量。

Everything within 400 kilometers is instantly set on fire.

400 公里範圍內的一切瞬間化為灰燼。

Every tree, house, person.

每一棵樹、每一棟房子、每一個人

The energy would reach much further, but the explosion is so big that the Earth's horizon curves away from it.

能量會到達更遠的地方，但爆炸的威力太大了，以至於地球的地平線都遠離了它。

The surrounding deserts turn into a field of glass.

周圍的沙漠變成了一片玻璃。

Then comes the blast wave.

然後是衝擊波。

The atmosphere above the explosion is violently shot into space.

爆炸上方的大氣層被猛烈地射入太空。

A magnitude 9 earthquake shakes the United States, while the sound of the blast reverberates around the world.

一場 9 級地震震撼了美國，爆炸聲迴盪在世界各地。

North American forests burn, adding their soot to the bomb's radioactive fallout to create toxic death clouds that shroud the world like a dark curtain.

北美森林熊熊燃燒，煙塵與原子彈的放射性沉降物混合在一起，形成有毒的死亡之雲，像黑幕一樣籠罩著整個世界。

Sundial is like a nuclear war happening all at once, but it's more like a giant volcano erupting or an asteroid striking than a nuclear war.

日晷就像一場核戰爭同時發生，但與其說是核戰爭，不如說是巨型火山爆發或小行星撞擊。

Sundial would bring about an apocalyptic nuclear winter where global temperatures suddenly drop by 10 degrees Celsius.

日晷會帶來世界末日般的核冬天，全球氣溫會突然下降 10 攝氏度。

Most water sources would be contaminated and crops would fail everywhere.

大多數水源都會受到汙染，各地的農作物都會歉收。

Most people in the world would die.

世界上大多數人都會死。

So, hmm, congratulations, you won.

那麼，嗯，恭喜你，你贏了。

Good news.

好消息

Wait, no, bad news.

等等，不，壞消息。

The good news is that Sundial was never built.

好消息是，日晷從未建成。

Most details are still top secret, but we know that scientists reacted with horror and politicians who were secretly informed responded with disbelief.

大部分細節仍然是絕密，但我們知道科學家們的反應是驚恐萬分，而祕密獲知消息的政治家們的反應則是難以置信。

Even the U.S. military thought this was a bit much.

就連美國軍方也認為這有點過分。

In the insane world of nuclear arms, this madness was too much.

在瘋狂的核武器世界裡，這種瘋狂太過分了。

Building it considered a crime against humanity.

建造房屋被視為反人類罪。

And it had other problems, too.

它還存在其他問題。

A single apocalypse weapon leaves you no wiggle room.

單一的啟示錄武器讓你沒有迴旋的餘地。

Would you press the button if enemy soldiers crossed a distant country's borders or attacked one of your distant bases?

如果敵軍阿兵哥越過遙遠國家的邊境或襲擊你的某個遙遠基地，你會按下按鈕嗎？

Would you end the world if your rival overthrew a friendly government?

如果你的對手推翻了一個友好的政府，你會結束這個世界嗎？

Can you protect an ally with a bomb that would kill them, too?

你能用一枚也會炸死盟友的炸彈來保護盟友嗎？

The elephant in the room is that while Sundial is clearly insane, humanity still kind of did build it.

房間裡的大象是，雖然 "日晷 "顯然是瘋了，但人類還是建造了它。

At the peak of the Cold War, humanity had over 70,000 nukes.

在冷戰高峰期，人類擁有 7 萬多枚核武器。

Even today, we still have about 12,000 nuclear weapons, enough to destroy human civilization.

即使在今天，我們仍然擁有約 12 000 件核武器，足以摧毀人類文明。

Instead of a single world burner, the superpowers built tens of thousands of nuclear weapons of all types and sizes, hidden in submarines or waiting in bunkers and silos.

超級大國沒有製造單一的世界燃燒器，而是製造了數以萬計的各種類型和大小的核武器，它們隱藏在潛艇中，或等待在掩體和發射井中。

And this sounds so much more reasonable, doesn't it?

這聽起來就合理多了，不是嗎？

But this also makes them a much more credible threat.

但這也使他們的威脅更加可信。

Because if people feel they can risk setting off a smaller nuke, they might actually get launched.

因為如果人們覺得他們可以冒險引爆一枚較小的核彈，那麼他們可能真的會被髮射出去。

And we don't know what kind of chain reaction this might trigger.

我們不知道這會引發什麼樣的連鎖反應。

So, in reality, the difference between Sundial and what we have today is not even that big.

是以，實際上，"日晷 "和我們今天所擁有的東西之間的差別並不大。

Humanity didn't build a doomsday bomb, but a doomsday machine.

人類製造的不是末日炸彈，而是末日機器。

Today, the world may be on the verge of another nuclear arms race.

今天，世界可能正處於另一場核軍備競賽的邊緣。

The US is on track to spend a trillion dollars on nuclear modernization programs, while China is expanding its arsenal and might have more than 1,000 nuclear weapons ready to be deployed by 2030.

美國將斥資一萬億美元用於核現代化計劃，而中國正在擴充其核武庫，到 2030 年，可能會有超過 1000 件核武器可供部署。

So far, we've escaped the existential threat these weapons pose, but if an alien visited Earth, it might ask us if we're okay and need a hug.

到目前為止，我們躲過了這些武器帶來的生存威脅，但如果有外星人造訪地球，它可能會問我們是否還好，是否需要一個擁抱。

We should ask ourselves, as a species, if we really want to be ready to destroy ourselves at a moment's notice.

我們應該捫心自問，作為一個物種，我們是否真的想隨時準備毀滅自己。

Brr, that was a lot.

呃，真夠多的。

Science is never inherently good or bad.

科學在本質上從來沒有好壞之分。

It's up to us to use our sense of curiosity and exploration for something positive.

我們應該利用我們的好奇心和探索精神去做一些積極的事情。

If you want to impart this spirit onto the kids in your life from early on, our sponsor KiwiCo is a great start.

如果您想從小就向孩子們傳授這種精神，我們的贊助商奇異果公司就是一個很好的開始。

This is one of their science project crates that delivers you all the ingredients for a science adventure right to your doorstep.

這是他們的科學項目箱之一，能把科學探險的所有材料直接送到家門口。

Let's explore.

讓我們一起來探索。

There's a wooden board and pieces, a motor and wires, some marbles, and googly eyes.

裡面有一塊木板和木塊、一個馬達和電線、一些彈珠和粘粘眼珠。

It's the maze arcade kit that teaches kids about the intersection of mechanics and physics in a playful and intuitive way.

它是一款迷宮街機套件，能以寓教於樂的直觀方式讓孩子們瞭解力學和物理學的交叉點。

This crate is part of the new KiwiCo Labs Learning Club, a program that takes you along on a learning journey for young scientists to be.

這個箱子是新的 KiwiCo 實驗室學習俱樂部的一部分，該計劃將帶您踏上年輕科學家的學習之旅。

Consecutive hands-on projects help develop and strengthen problem-solving skills on things like science, engineering, and robots over time.

連續的實踐項目有助於培養和加強科學、工程和機器人等方面解決問題的能力。

There are also different programs available on topics like world geography or art and design, all with their own high-quality crates and exclusive online content to unlock.

此外，還有關於世界地理或藝術與設計等主題的不同課程，所有課程都有自己的高質量箱子和獨家在線內容可供解鎖。

This holiday season, a KiwiCo subscription could be the gift that literally keeps on giving for your kids or any niece, nephew, godchild, or other little one in your life with a new box of wonders arriving every month.

在這個節日裡，訂閱 KiwiCo 可以成為您送給孩子或侄女、外甥、教子或生活中其他小夥伴的禮物，每個月都會有一盒新的奇妙禮物送到。

We like KiwiCo because with their new Learning Club program, they're fostering a mindset of making learning something that's an ongoing exploration, just like we want to.

我們喜歡 KiwiCo，因為他們新推出的學習俱樂部計劃培養了一種思維方式，讓學習成為一種持續的探索，就像我們想要的那樣。

If you want to try out the new KiwiCo clubs, click on the link in the description or use the code kurzgesagt to get 50% off your first crate of a monthly club with KiwiCo.

如果您想體驗新的 KiwiCo 月刊俱樂部，請點擊描述中的鏈接，或使用代碼 kurzgesagt，即可享受 KiwiCo 月刊俱樂部首箱五折優惠。

It's time to reveal our darkest secret.

是時候揭開我們最黑暗的祕密了。

This may come as a surprise to you, but Kurzgesagt is not actually run by birbs, but by humans.

這可能會讓您感到驚訝，但 Kurzgesagt 實際上並不是由鳥類管理的，而是由人類管理的。

Now, you might wonder, how's this possible?

你可能會問，這怎麼可能呢？

So many people spending hundreds of hours on research, writing, and animating the Kurzgesagt videos that are then released for free.

許多人花了數百個小時研究、編寫和動畫製作 Kurzgesagt 視頻，然後免費發佈。

Well, the answer is simple.

答案很簡單

It's possible because of our shop.

因為有了我們的商店，這一切才成為可能。

Our products are a piece of Kurzgesagt that you can touch, read, and have around you.

我們的產品是您可以觸摸、閱讀和擁有的 Kurzgesagt 作品。

Just like our videos, they're a vital part of our dream to inspire people all around the world.

就像我們的視頻一樣，它們是我們激勵全世界人民的夢想的重要組成部分。

Our carefully researched infographic posters are now part of so many people's homes, teaching them about evolution, black holes, and the night sky.

我們精心研究的資訊圖表海報現已成為許多家庭的一部分，向他們傳授有關進化、黑洞和夜空的知識。

While our gratitude journal helps improve lives every day.

我們的感恩日記每天都在幫助改善生活。

A special thanks goes out to everyone who appreciates our weirder product ideas.

在此，我們要特別感謝每一位欣賞我們古怪產品創意的人。

Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos, and you get a special piece of Kurzgesagt in return.

您購買的每一件 Kurzgesagt 產品都將直接為我們的視頻創作提供資金支持，而您也將獲得一件 Kurzgesagt 的特殊產品作為回報。

Thank you so much for being a part of our story, and for making this channel possible.

非常感謝你們成為我們故事的一部分，並使這個頻道成為可能。

The birb humans of Kurzgesagt are eternally grateful. www.kurzgesagt.com

庫爾茲格薩特的比爾人類永遠感激不盡。www.kurzgesagt.com