Name: 史蒂夫-喬布斯在 1983 年阿斯彭國際設計大會上的演講 (Steve Jobs talk at the 1983 International Design Conference in Aspen)
Uploaded: 2024-12-01T23:14:12.000Z
Duration: 55 min 14 s

過去簡單式

他們付我 60 美元，所以我打了領帶。

How many people, how many of you are 36 years, older than 36 years old?

你們當中有多少人是 36 歲，有多少人超過 36 歲？

And there's something sort of, I think that there's going to be a little slice in the timeline of history as we look back.

我認為，在我們回顧歷史的時候，歷史的時間軸上會有一個小切口。

A lot of you are products of the television generation.

你們很多人都是電視一代的產物。

I'm pretty much a product of the television generation.

But to some extent starting to be a product of the computer generation.

但在某種程度上，它開始成為電腦時代的產物。

And the kids growing up now are definitely products of the computer generation.

而現在長大的孩子們絕對是電腦一代的產物。

And in their lifetimes the computer will become the predominant medium of communication just as the television took over from the radio, took over from even the book.

在他們的有生之年，電腦將成為最主要的通訊媒介，就像電視取代收音機，甚至取代書籍一樣。

Boy, I'll talk about anything you want to talk about today.

孩子，今天你想說什麼我就說什麼。

I have about 15 or 20 minutes of stuff that I just wanted to cover really quickly.

我有大約 15 或 20 分鐘的內容，我只想快速介紹一下。

And then whatever you want to talk about we can talk about.

然後你想聊什麼，我們就聊什麼。

你們當中有多少人擁有蘋果手機？

How many of you have used one or seen one?

你們當中有多少人用過或見過它？

The gears, the pistons have been replaced with electrons.

How many of you have ever seen an electron?

Is that you can't get your hands on the actual things that are moving around.

是你無法接觸到正在移動的實物。

And so they tend to be very intimidating because in a very small space there's billions of electrons running around and we can't really get a hold on exactly what they look like.

是以，它們往往非常嚇人，因為在一個非常小的空間裡，有數十億個電子在跑來跑去，我們無法真正掌握它們到底是什麼樣子。

We can move the electrons around differently to different places depending upon the current state of affairs, the results of the last time we moved the electrons around.

我們可以根據當前的情況，也就是上次電子移動的結果，將電子移動到不同的地方。

So if you were here last night and you heard about the brain and how it's very adaptive, a computer is in the same way very, very adaptive.

是以，如果你昨晚在這裡聽說了大腦以及它的適應能力，那麼計算機也同樣具有非常非常強的適應能力。

Second thing about a computer, it's very new.

關於電腦的第二件事是，它非常新。

The world's first degree in computer science offered by a university, which was the University of California at Berkeley, and it was a master's degree, was offered in 1968, which means the oldest person that has a degree in computer science is 39 years old and the average age of professionals at Apple is under 30.

世界上第一個由大學提供的計算機科學學位是 1968 年由加州大學伯克利分校提供的碩士學位，這意味著擁有計算機科學學位的最大年齡是 39 歲，而蘋果公司專業人員的平均年齡不到 30 歲。

So it's a field that's dominated by fairly young people.

是以，這是一個以年輕人為主的領域。

Third thing about computers, they're really dumb.

關於電腦的第三件事，它們真的很蠢。

They're exceptionally simple, but they're really fast.

它們異常簡單，但速度非常快。

The raw instructions that we have to feed these little microprocessors, even the raw instructions that we have to feed these giant Cray-1 supercomputers are the most trivial of instructions.

我們為這些小型微處理器提供的原始指令，甚至我們為這些巨型 Cray-1 超級計算機提供的原始指令，都是最瑣碎的指令。

They're get some data from here, get a number from here, fetch a number, add two numbers together, test to see if it's bigger than zero, go put it over there.

它們是從這裡獲取一些數據，從這裡獲取一個數字，獲取一個數字，將兩個數字相加，測試它是否大於零，然後把它放在那裡。

It's the most mundane thing you could ever imagine.

這是你能想象到的最平凡的事情。

But the key thing about it is that let's say I could move 100 times faster than anyone in here.

但最關鍵的是，假設我的移動速度比這裡的任何人都快 100 倍。

In the blink of your eye, I could run out there and I could grab a bouquet of fresh spring flowers or something and I could run back in here and I could snap my fingers and you'd all think I was a magician or something.

一眨眼的工夫，我就能跑出去，拿上一束新鮮的迎春花什麼的 然後跑回來，打個響指，你們都會以為我是魔術師什麼的。

And yet I was basically doing a series of really simple instructions, moving, running out there, grabbing some flowers, running back, snapping my fingers, but I could just do them so fast that you would think that there was something magical going on.

然而，我基本上是在做一系列非常簡單的指令，移動、跑出去、抓起一些花、跑回來、打響指，但我可以做得如此之快，以至於你會覺得有什麼神奇的事情發生了。

It's the exact same way with the computer.

It can go grab these numbers and add them together and throw them over here at the rate of about a million instructions per second.

它能以每秒約一百萬條指令的速度，抓取這些數字並將它們相加，然後扔到這裡。

And so we tend to think there's something magical going on when in reality there's just a series of these simple instructions.

是以，我們往往會認為這裡面有什麼神奇的東西，而實際上只是一系列簡單的指令。

Now, what we do is we take these very, very simple instructions and we, by building a collection of these things, build a higher level instruction.

現在，我們所要做的就是利用這些非常非常簡單的指令，通過建立這些指令的集合，構建更高級別的指令。

So instead of saying turn right, left foot, right foot, left foot, right foot, extend hand, grab flowers, run back, I can say, could you go get some flowers?

是以，與其說右轉、左腳、右腳、左腳、右腳、伸手、抓花、跑回來，我可以說，你能去拿些花嗎？

And we have started in the last 20 years to deal with computers in higher and higher levels of abstraction.

在過去的 20 年裡，我們開始以越來越高的抽象層次來處理計算機。

But ultimately these levels of abstraction get translated down into these stupid instructions that run really fast.

但最終，這些抽象層次被轉化為運行速度極快的愚蠢指令。

Let's look at the brief history of computers.

The best way to understand it is probably an analogy.

最好的理解方式可能是打個比方。

The electric motor was first invented in the late 1800s.

And when it was first invented, it was only possible to build a very, very large one, which meant that it could only be cost justified for very large applications.

而且在發明之初，只能建造一個非常非常大的裝置，這意味著只有在非常大的應用中才能證明其成本的合理性。

And therefore electric motors did not proliferate very fast at all.

是以，電機的普及速度並不快。

But the next breakthrough was when somebody took one of these large electric motors and they ran a shaft through the middle of a factory and through a series of belts and pulleys shared the horsepower of this one large electric motor on 15 or 20 medium-sized workstations, thereby allowing one electric motor to be cost justified on some medium-scale tasks.

但下一個突破是，有人從這些大型電動機中挑選了一臺，將一根軸穿過工廠中間，通過一系列皮帶和滑輪，將這臺大型電動機的馬力分享給 15 或 20 箇中型工作站，從而使一臺電動機在一些中型任務中的成本合理化。

And electric motors proliferated even further then.

But the real breakthrough was the invention of the fractional horsepower electric motor.

但真正的突破是分馬力電機的發明。

We could then bring the horsepower directly to where it was needed and cost justify it on a totally individual application.

這樣，我們就可以直接將馬力帶到需要的地方，並根據完全個性化的應用情況進行成本核算。

And I think there's about 55 or so fractional horsepower motors now in every household.

我想現在每家每戶都有 55 臺左右的分馬力電機。

If we look at the development of computers, we see a real parallel.

如果我們看一下計算機的發展，就會發現一個真正的平行現象。

The first computer was called the ENIAC in 1947.

1947 年，第一臺計算機被稱為 ENIAC。

It was developed particularly for ballistic military calculations.

它是專門為彈道軍事計算而開發的。

The real breakthrough, the next real breakthrough was in the 60s with the invention of what was called time sharing.

真正的突破，下一個真正的突破是在 60 年代，當時發明了所謂的時間共享。

And what we did was we took one of these very large computers and we shared it.

我們所做的就是把其中一臺非常大的電腦拿出來共享。

Since it could execute so many instructions so quickly, we'd run some on Fred's job over here and then we'd run some on Sally's job and we'd run some on Don's job and we'd run some on Susie's job.

由於它能快速執行如此多的指令，我們會在弗雷德的工作上運行一些指令，然後在莎莉的工作上運行一些指令，在唐的工作上運行一些指令，在蘇西的工作上運行一些指令。

And we'd share this thing and it was so fast that everyone would think they had the whole computer to themselves.

我們共享這個東西，速度快得讓每個人都以為自己擁有了整臺電腦。

Time sharing was what really started to proliferate computers in the 60s.

時間共享是 60 年代計算機開始普及的真正原因。

And most of you, if you've used computer terminals connected with some umbilical cord to some large computer somewhere else, that's time sharing.

而你們中的大多數人，如果使用的是通過臍帶連接到其他地方的大型計算機的計算機終端，那就是時間共享。

That's what got computers on college campuses in large numbers.

這就是電腦大量進入大學校園的原因。

The reason Apple exists is because we stumbled on to fractional horsepower computing five years before anybody else.

蘋果公司之所以存在，是因為我們比別人早五年偶然發現了分馬力計算技術。

We took these microprocessor chips, which is sort of a computer on a chip, and we surrounded it with all the other stuff you need to interact with a computer.

我們將這些微處理器芯片，也就是一種芯片上的計算機，與計算機互動所需的所有其他東西一起將其包圍起來。

And we made a computer that was about 13 pounds.

我們製造了一臺重約 13 磅的電腦。

And people would look at it and they'd say, well, where's the computer?

人們看了之後會說，電腦在哪裡？

And after about five minutes of repeating this, finally a light bulb would go on in their minds.

這樣重複了大約五分鐘後，他們的腦海中終於出現了一盞明燈。

And they'd decide if they didn't like it, they could throw it out the window or run over it with their car.

他們決定，如果不喜歡，就把它扔出窗外，或者用車碾過去。

This fractional horsepower computing has created a revolution.

這種零馬力計算帶來了一場革命。

It was invented in 1976, the first personal computer.

它發明於 1976 年，是第一臺個人電腦。

This year, in 1983, the industry is going to ship over three million of the little buggers.

今年，即 1983 年，該行業將運送 300 多萬隻小蟲子。

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史蒂夫-喬布斯在 1983 年阿斯彭國際設計大會上的演講 (Steve Jobs talk at the 1983 International Design Conference in Aspen)

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