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  • Whether it's from an awful breakup or a traumatic life event, some memories can haunt us for our entire lives.

    不論是糟糕的分手還是創傷經歷,這些記憶在我們的人生中揮之不去。

  • But, what if there was a way that you could completely forget these all together?

    但如果有個方法能讓你完全忘記這些呢?

  • Can science erase your bad memories?

    科學能消去不好的回憶嗎?

  • Memory is an incredibly complex process.

    記憶是個相當複雜的過程。

  • While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is incorrect.

    雖然過去科學家認為記憶像個檔案櫃,特定的記憶會被儲存在腦袋不同區域,現在我們知道這個想法是錯的。

  • In fact, each memory is a brain wide process.

    事實上,每段記憶都經過大腦全面處理。

  • If you end up remembering this video, it's because the cells in your brain are being triggered and fired.

    如果你能記得這部影片,那是因為腦中的細胞正不斷地被觸發、活化。

  • Building new connections and links and literally rewiring the circuitry of your mind.

    不斷的製造出新的連結,並重新創造你的記憶迴路。

  • And this change is partially facilitated by proteins in the brain.

    這個過程中,某部分是由腦中的蛋白質所促進。

  • So what if the proteins aren't available?

    那麼萬一腦中缺少蛋白質呢?

  • Simply put, memories can't be made.

    簡單來說,就無法製造出記憶。

  • Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming.

    這是真的,科學家注射了抑制蛋白質的藥物到動物身上。

  • As a result the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken.

    證實動物在注射後,完全不記得剛剛所發生的事。

  • From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long term memories for deletion.

    透過這個研究,科學家們發現了刪除長久記憶的方法。

  • You see, every single time you remember a memory, your brain is once again firing and rewiring.

    每當你記起一個回憶,你的大腦便活躍並重組。

  • In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are literally physically changing that memory in your mind.

    事實上,每當你回想一次,你正漸漸地改變腦海中的記憶。

  • And each time that memory is altered a little, reflecting your current thoughts.

    每回想一次,記憶就改變一點,並反映你當下的想法。

  • Remembering is an act of creation and imagining, meaning the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they become.

    回憶是一種創造與想像,你越去回想,這些回憶越不準確。

  • And scientists have actually quantified this change.

    科學家已經量化了記憶的改變。

  • After 9/11, hundreds of people were asked about their memories of that dreadful day.

    911 事件過後,上百位人們被問到關於當天恐怖的記憶。

  • A year later, 37% of the details had changed.

    一年後,人們記憶的細節改變了 37%。

  • By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone missing.

    而到了 2004 年,接近 50% 的記憶已經改變或消失。

  • And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time,

    正因為記憶總是不斷重建,

  • if you administer the protein inhibiting drug while recalling a memory, the memory can be effectively removed.

    如果在你回憶的當下,施打蛋白質抑制劑,記憶就會被有效地移除。

  • To test this, scientists took lab rats and played a sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock.

    為了驗證這項理論,科學家撥放某個聲音給老鼠聽,並接著電擊。

  • After doing this multiple times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound, a shock was soon to follow.

    經過多次,老鼠很快地了解,如果聽到這個聲音,很快就會被電擊。

  • As a result, they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it.

    因此每次老鼠聽到聲音就會倍感壓力,並僵在原地。

  • Months later, these rats would still respond to the noise.

    幾個月後,這些老鼠仍對聲音有反應。

  • However, if they administered the drug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on.

    但如果先為牠們施打藥物,老鼠便會失去對聲音的記憶,並持續原本的動作。

  • They had lost their memory of that specific noise.

    牠們失去了對那個聲音的記憶。

  • To be sure the drug wasn't just causing large scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experiments with multiple tones this time.

    為確保藥物並非只是大範圍破壞腦部,科學家以不同音調一再實驗。

  • Both sounds would warn for a shock, and eventually the mice would fear both.

    兩種聲音在老鼠記憶中,都會成為電擊前的警告,最後老鼠會害怕聽到這兩種聲音。

  • But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds, the mice would only forget that one tone, while still remaining fearful of the other.

    但如果他們被施打藥物,接者只撥放其中一種聲音,老鼠會忘記那種聲音,但仍害怕另一種聲音。

  • Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.

    科學家已發現一些特殊藥物,能針對腦中不同區域的蛋白質作用。

  • So, if you experience a terrible emotion with a memory, then targeting a protein in the emotional regions of the brain can help to remove that connection alone.

    因此,經歷可怕記憶後,如果在腦部情感區域蛋白質注入藥物,就能單獨去除這段記憶連結。

  • Which could be an amazing tool, especially for patients suffering from something like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

    這會是個神奇的工具,尤其對於正在遭遇創傷後壓力症侯群的病患。

  • But while these drugs are in the very early stages, the question remains;

    但這些藥物仍處於應用初期,因此仍存有一些問題。

  • if you were given a "forgetting pill" would you be willing to take it?

    如果有人給你一顆「遺忘藥丸」,你願意嘗試嗎?

  • Special thanks to Audible.com for supporting this episode and giving you a free audio book of your choice at audible.com/asap.

    特別感謝 Audible.com 支持這支影片,並在 audible.com/asap 上贈送免費有聲書。

  • Audible is the leading provider of audio books with over 150,000 downloadable titles across all types of literature.

    有聲書領導品牌 Audible 有超過 150,000 本各式作品能下載。

  • We recommend the book "Undeniable: Evolution and the science of creation" by the one and only Bill Nye the Science Guy who we did a video with on this channel a while back!

    我們推薦《Undeniable: Evolution and the science of creation 》,本書作者就是上次有跟我們一起合作影片的 Bill Nye。

  • You can download this audio book or another of your choice, for free, at audible.com/asap.

    你可以下載這本有聲書,也可以在 audible.com/asap 選擇其他免費有聲書。

  • And with a subscription you get one free book a month!

    訂閱頻道,每月就可獲得一本免費有聲書。

  • Special thanks Audible for making these videos possible, and subscribe for more weekly science videos!

    特別感謝 Audible 讓這些影片成真!訂閱來觀看更多每周科學影片!

Whether it's from an awful breakup or a traumatic life event, some memories can haunt us for our entire lives.

不論是糟糕的分手還是創傷經歷,這些記憶在我們的人生中揮之不去。

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