It is a historically prevalent pastime, broadly accepted in many cultures and societies in various forms.

這是一種歷史上盛行的消遣方式，在許多文化和社會中以各種形式被廣泛接受。

People go to gambling establishments for vacations and holidays, and the casino industry is beginning to attract more tourists.

人們去賭場度假，賭場業也開始吸引更多遊客。

However, there are lots of things the gambling industry does not want you to know about gambling, including how gambling firms have managed to keep you hooked.

然而，賭博業有很多事情不想讓你知道，包括賭博公司是如何讓你上癮的。

Stick around until the end of the video to find out.

堅持到視頻結束就知道了。

But before we begin, thank you for choosing to watch another one of our amazing videos.

在開始之前，感謝您選擇觀看我們的另一部精彩視頻。

To enjoy more of these videos, subscribe to Economics Reasons and click the notification bell to get a front row seat.

要欣賞更多視頻，請訂閱《經濟學的理由》並點擊通知鈴，即可獲得前排座位。

Now, let's begin.

現在，我們開始吧。

Gambling was practiced long before the establishment of the first casino.

早在第一家賭場建立之前，人們就已經開始賭博了。

It is the betting of something of value with the awareness of risk and expectation of profit on the outcome of a game or contest.

它是指將有價值的東西作為賭注，對比賽或競賽的結果抱有風險意識和獲利預期。

Gambling has various effects and can be a very powerful and essential economic development tool for states and countries that legalize it.

對於將賭博合法化的州和國家來說，賭博具有各種影響，可以成為非常強大和重要的經濟發展工具。

The gambling industry consists of sales of gambling services and related goods by organizations, sole traders, and partnerships that operate or run gambling facilities, such as casinos, bingo halls, video gaming terminals, lotteries, off-track sports betting, online sports betting, betting on the pool, roulette, etc.

博彩業包括經營或營運賭場、賓果廳、視頻遊戲終端、彩票、賽場外體育博彩、在線體育博彩、撞球博彩、輪盤賭等博彩設施的組織、個體經營者和合夥企業銷售博彩服務和相關商品。

In 2009, the gambling economy was a total of $335 billion.

2009 年，賭博經濟總量為 3350 億美元。

The market value of the gambling industry in 2020 stood at $465 billion.

2020 年，博彩業的市場價值達到 4650 億美元。

That year wasn't the best for the on-site casino industry due to the massive closures of land-based facilities because of the outbreak of COVID-19, leading to the rise of online gambling sites.

由於 COVID-19 的爆發，大量陸上設施關閉，導致在線賭博網站的興起，這一年對於現場賭場行業來說並不是最好的一年。

According to the estimates, by mid-2020, the market size of the global casinos and online gambling industry reached a total of $227 billion.

據估計，到 2020 年中期，全球賭場和在線博彩業的市場規模將達到 2270 億美元。

In 2021, the market size of the global casinos and online gambling industry reached $231 billion.

2021 年，全球賭場和在線博彩業的市場規模將達到 2310 億美元。

In that year, over 1 million workers were employed at 5.3 thousand establishments worldwide.

這一年，全球有 5,300 家企業僱用了 100 多萬名工人。

Gambling is no longer an underground industry.

賭博不再是地下產業。

It had no true identity until Las Vegas.

在拉斯維加斯之前，它沒有真正的身份。

It is important to note that until the development of Las Vegas, Nevada, or Sin City as we know it, modern gambling didn't really have a landmark gambling hub of such a magnitude.

值得注意的是，在內華達州拉斯維加斯或我們所熟知的 "罪惡之城 "發展起來之前，現代博彩業還沒有一個真正意義上的地標性博彩中心。

The founding of Las Vegas is often attributed to the infamous gangster Benjamin Bugsy Siegel, who was a well-known figure in the Jewish Mafia.

拉斯維加斯的建立通常要歸功於臭名昭著的黑幫老大本傑明-巴格西-西格爾，他是猶太黑手黨的知名人物。

In 2019, the U.S. gambling market hit a new high, approaching $261 billion, according to the American Gaming Association.

根據美國博彩協會的數據，2019 年美國博彩市場創下新高，接近 2610 億美元。

It was found that in the U.S., it is economically beneficial for a state to allow and support gambling institutions.

研究發現，在美國，允許和支持賭博機構對一個州的經濟有利。

Even though a state may not want to support a gambling institution, residents of the local state will travel to gambling institutions in the neighboring states and gamble nonetheless, which will take profit and revenue from the resident state since gamblers will always gamble.

即使一個州可能不想支持賭博機構，但本州居民還是會到鄰州的賭博機構賭博，這就會奪走本州的利潤和收入，因為賭徒總是會賭博的。

Currently, sports betting is fully legal and operational in several states, and others have already passed legislation, but only a handful of states say they are not considering some form of legalization.

目前，體育博彩在多個州完全合法並投入營運，其他州也已通過立法，但只有少數幾個州表示沒有考慮某種形式的合法化。

Lotteries are such easy ways of making money that privately runs lotteries are illegal in many countries.

彩票是一種非常容易賺錢的方式，是以在許多國家，私人經營的彩票都是非法的。

In the U.S., nearly half of the population plays the lottery, a form of gambling, and the state generates $21.3 billion yearly in revenue for the government.

在美國，近一半的人口都在玩彩票，這是一種賭博形式，每年為政府帶來 213 億美元的收入。

In the U.S., all lotteries have to be state-run, and their profits usually go to funding education.

在美國，所有彩票都必須由國家經營，其利潤通常用於資助教育。

Because the state is guaranteed to generate money from the lottery, it is essentially a kind of taxation.

因為國家保證能從彩票中獲得收入，所以彩票本質上是一種稅收。

Gambling in the U.K. is regulated by the Gambling Commission, which imposes age restrictions and requires gambling companies to obtain a license in order to operate legally.

英國的賭博活動由賭博委員會監管，該委員會規定了年齡限制，並要求賭博公司必須獲得許可證才能合法經營。

Gambling in the U.K. has not only generated significant revenues for the gambling companies but also makes a substantial contribution to the U.K. tax budget.

英國的博彩業不僅為博彩公司帶來了可觀的收入，也為英國的稅收預算做出了巨大貢獻。

The U.K. market share of each gambling category provided by the Gambling Commission in 2016 shows that remote gambling was the largest U.K. gambling sector, with betting, which and bets placed on-site at sporting events as the second-largest sector.

賭博委員會提供的 2016 年英國各類賭博的市場份額顯示，遠程賭博是英國最大的賭博行業，博彩、體育賽事現場投注是第二大行業。

The remainder of the U.K. market is made up of revenues from the National Lottery, Casino, Bingo, Arcades, and other charitable lotteries.

英國市場的其餘部分由國家彩票、賭場、賓果遊戲、拱廊和其他慈善彩票的收入構成。

Gambling products and services advertising must be done in a socially responsible manner, and there must comply with the U.K. advertising codes administered by the Advertising Standards Authority, ASA, and issued by the Committees of Advertising Practice, CAP.

博彩產品和服務廣告必須以對社會負責的方式進行，並且必須遵守由廣告標準管理局（ASA）管理、廣告實踐委員會（CAP）發佈的英國廣告準則。

In addition, there is a new rule to ban gambling ads featuring sports, reality TV, and social media stars to protect under 18 and the vulnerable groups.

此外，還有一項新規定，禁止以體育明星、真人秀明星和社交媒體明星為主角的賭博廣告，以保護 18 歲以下青少年和弱勢群體。

Gambling changed South Africa's economy forever.

賭博徹底改變了南非的經濟。

South Africa has an unusual revolution in gambling.

南非在賭博方面有著不同尋常的革命。

Until 1990, most forms of gambling were illegal, but during the 90s, the country decided that significant revenue could be generated from legalizing gambling, and it was legalized.

1990 年之前，大多數形式的賭博都是非法的，但在 90 年代，國家認為賭博合法化可以帶來可觀的收入，於是賭博合法化了。

With the advent of online gambling, regulation is always taking place, but South Africa citizens must forfeit winnings from international websites to the National Gambling Regulator.

隨著在線賭博的出現，監管工作一直在進行，但南非公民必須向國家賭博監管局交出從國際網站贏取的獎金。

Positively, the construction of a casino creates employment opportunities for many construction employees and suppliers, casino staff, and the suppliers to ongoing casinos.

積極的方面是，賭場的建造為許多建築員工和供應商、賭場員工以及正在建造的賭場的供應商創造了就業機會。

This has multiple effects on the state economy as a whole.

這對整個州的經濟產生了多重影響。

The estimated gambling revenue is projected to be $335 billion per year.

預計每年的賭博收入將達到 3350 億美元。

There are currently about 24 countries that have more than 50 casinos each, with the U.S. topping the list at 2,113.

目前，約有 24 個國家的賭場數量超過 50 家，其中美國以 2 113 家高居榜首。

This is a staggering amount considering that no items are being produced in gambling.

考慮到沒有任何物品是在賭博中生產的，這是一個驚人的數字。

This combined with accompanying food and drinks, hotel stays, and rental cars creates a sizable economy around gambling.

這與隨之而來的食品和飲料、酒店住宿和租車一起，形成了圍繞賭博的可觀經濟。

Although casinos may result in the creation of new jobs, these new jobs may not be for the economy.

雖然賭場可能會創造新的就業機會，但這些新的就業機會可能並不是為經濟服務的。

The fact that gambling establishments do not create wealth but instead transfer it makes the negative economic effect of casinos evident.

事實上，賭場並不創造財富，而是轉移財富，這使得賭場對經濟的負面影響顯而易見。

What is less widely understood is how gambling companies can influence otherwise happy, intelligent, and sociable people, causing them to act impulsively, against their own interests, and lead to gambling addiction.

人們較少了解的是，賭博公司如何影響原本快樂、聰明、善於交際的人，使他們做出違背自身利益的衝動行為，並導致賭博成癮。

Gambling provides jobs since all commercial games require labor, but gamblers have been using the proceeds to cover debt while they go into severe debt and suffer anxiety because of it.

賭博提供了工作崗位，因為所有商業遊戲都需要勞動力，但賭徒們一直在用賭博所得抵債，同時還揹負著沉重的債務，並是以而焦慮不安。

What began as a harmless flutter has led to financial ruin, family breakups, and worse for countless customers.

起初只是無傷大雅的小打小鬧，卻給無數客戶帶來了經濟損失、家庭破裂，甚至更嚴重的後果。

Evidence suggests that most people who engage in gambling activities do so at low levels and experience no negative consequences of their behavior.

有證據表明，大多數人参與賭博活動的程度很低，而且不會因其行為而產生負面影響。

However, it is increasingly recognized by communities, industry groups, gambling regulators, and politicians that there are serious harms associated with gambling for at least a subset of individuals, and all of these groups are responsible for undertaking efforts to address these issues.

然而，越來越多的社區、行業團體、賭博監管機構和政治家認識到，賭博至少對一部分人造成了嚴重危害，所有這些團體都有責任努力解決這些問題。

Many countries have tried, but there is no stopping gambling.

許多國家都嘗試過，但無法阻止賭博。

There have been several attempts in many countries and states to ban some types of gambling, but the result of most of these bans is illegal gambling developing in hiding and with neighboring countries having legal gambling, this may not have much of an overall effect.

許多國家和州都曾多次試圖禁止某些類型的賭博，但大多數禁令的結果都是非法賭博在隱匿中發展，而且由於鄰國都有合法賭博，這可能不會產生太大的整體影響。

Religion and gambling don't seem to coincide.

宗教和賭博似乎並不搭界。

Gambling has been brought under consideration by religious organizations as it deals with their members' social and financial lives.

宗教組織已經開始考慮賭博問題，因為這涉及到其成員的社會和經濟生活。

Unfortunately, the gambling industry has caused some human damage.

不幸的是，賭博業給人類造成了一些傷害。

Gambling tasks have often been used to simulate risk-taking scenarios to study human behavior and decision-making in psychology and economics.

賭博任務經常被用來模擬承擔風險的情景，以研究心理學和經濟學中的人類行為和決策。

The harm associated with gambling behavior is thought to lie along a spectrum of risks, with such risks including increased investment of time and money spent gambling, a preoccupation with gambling and gambling losses, and continued gambling despite negative personal and financial outcomes.

與賭博行為相關的危害被認為是一系列風險的結果，這些風險包括投入更多的時間和金錢用於賭博、沉迷於賭博和賭博輸錢，以及在個人和經濟出現負面結果的情況下繼續賭博。

Gambling firms keep you hooked, making you think you're in control, disguising your losses as wins, celebrating your misses, and giving you free money.

賭博公司讓你上癮，讓你覺得自己可以掌控一切，把輸錢偽裝成贏錢，慶祝你的失手，給你免費的錢。

The feeling that you're getting a good deal is a motivating factor that makes you more likely to bet.

你覺得自己得到了實惠，這種感覺會促使你更願意下注。

The more you bet, the more you'll receive free bets.

投注越多，獲得的免費投注就越多。

Everything you see at the casino is designed to keep you there.

你在賭場看到的一切都是為了留住你。

They have good interior designs, beautifully decorated, usually no windows or clocks in the main hall of the casino, but free food and drink offers, shows, and entertainment.

它們的內部設計很好，裝飾精美，賭場正廳通常沒有窗戶或時鐘，但提供免費餐飲、表演和娛樂活動。

Anyone who has spent time in a casino knows casinos are designed to make you lose track of time and, more importantly, of the money you're probably losing.

在賭場呆過的人都知道，賭場的設計就是為了讓你忘記時間，更重要的是，讓你忘記可能輸掉的錢。

For some, gambling is an addiction.

對有些人來說，賭博是一種癮。

For many, it is just a little bit of fun, but I think it is safe to say it is not going anywhere.

對許多人來說，這只是一點小樂趣，但我認為可以肯定地說，它不會消失。

In reality, all forms of gambling are set up in such a way that whoever is running them is guaranteed to make money.

實際上，所有形式的賭博都是這樣設置的，誰經營誰就能保證賺錢。

How else will they keep the casinos and betting houses open?

否則，他們如何維持賭場和投注站的營業？

The unfortunate truth is that 9 out of 10, the house always wins in gambling, but there are still slim chances of being victorious, though there are some unusual exceptions.

不幸的事實是，在賭博中，十有八九總是莊家獲勝，但獲勝的機會仍然渺茫，不過也有一些不尋常的例外。

Gamblers rarely win because it is all about business and profit, making for the business owners, and the result tends to always favor the casinos or betting shops and not the player.

賭客很少贏錢，因為這完全是為了生意和利潤，為了生意人，結果往往總是有利於賭場或投注站，而不是賭客。

Many people facing financial crisis tend to fall into the trap, gamble on their money as they believe it is a fast source of income, but they end up losing all their money and then start betting on their houses, cars, and other properties.

許多面臨財務危機的人往往會掉入陷阱，他們認為賭博是快速的收入來源，但最終卻輸光了所有的錢，然後開始賭自己的房子、汽車和其他財產。

The state's economy has both positive and negative effects from gambling.

賭博對該州的經濟既有積極影響，也有消極影響。

However, if effectively enhanced, the short-term positive effect of gambling can be used to offset the long-term negative economic effects.

不過，如果能有效地加強，賭博的短期正面效應可以用來抵消長期的負面經濟效應。

Gambling can adequately lead to the creation of jobs and the generation of more revenue, especially where investment in the casino industry is made by regional investors that do not lead to the transfer of wealth outside the region.

博彩業可以充分創造就業機會，帶來更多收入，尤其是在地區投資者對賭場業進行投資，不會導致財富向地區外轉移的情況下。

Therefore, in legitimizing gambling, the state must consider the social costs that can result from the business, which might affect its economic influence.

是以，在使賭博合法化時，國家必須考慮賭博業可能帶來的社會成本，這可能會影響其經濟影響力。

Folks, thanks for sticking with us all the way to the end.

朋友們，感謝你們一直陪伴我們走到最後。

Let us know what you think about gambling in the comment section below.

請在下面的評論區發表您對賭博的看法。

If you liked this video, leave a like and subscribe to the channel to stay updated about history, geography, politics, and economics.

如果您喜歡這段視頻，請留下 "喜歡 "並訂閱該頻道，以便隨時瞭解歷史、地理、政治和經濟方面的最新資訊。

See you soon!

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