Name: 高溫作業的危險 (Dangers of Hot Work)
Uploaded: 2024-10-31T06:15:14.000Z
Duration: 13 min 56 s

In 1979, 20-year-old John Capano was a contract worker performing maintenance at a New Jersey refinery.

1979 年，20 歲的約翰-卡帕諾（John Capano）是新澤西州一家煉油廠的合同工，負責維護工作。

關係子句

We actually had pulled out of the refinery and were called back in to do one last job, which was to demolish an old pumping station, and we were told that it was a water pumping station.

實際上，我們已經撤出了煉油廠，被召回來做最後一項工作，就是拆除一箇舊泵站，我們被告知那是一個水泵站。

It was not a water line, it was a crude oil line, in fact.

事實上，這不是一條水管，而是一條原油管。

We tried to dismantle the pump, starting with removing the bolts from the flanges, and they were so corroded that we couldn't get them loose by conventional means, so we elected to use an acetylene torch at that point.

我們試圖拆卸泵，首先要拆卸法蘭上的螺栓，但螺栓已嚴重腐蝕，用常規方法根本無法鬆開，是以我們選擇使用乙炔噴燈。

As soon as the flange separated and exploded, I was burned over 90 percent of my body.

法蘭一分離爆炸，我全身 90% 以上的部位就被燒傷了。

Thirty years and over 75 surgeries later, Mr. Capano now assists other burned survivors as they recover from their wounds, often suffered on the job.

30 年過去了，卡帕諾先生接受了超過 75 次手術，現在他還在幫助其他燒傷倖存者從創傷中恢復過來，這些創傷往往是在工作中造成的。

Don't think that something this tragic couldn't happen to you or somebody you love.

不要以為這種悲劇不會發生在你或你愛的人身上。

John Capano's life was changed forever by a hot work accident, welding, cutting, grinding, seemingly a routine operation, until suddenly flammable vapors are ignited by sparks or heat.

約翰-卡帕諾的生活因一次高溫作業事故而徹底改變。焊接、切割、打磨，這些看似例行公事的操作，卻突然被火花或高溫點燃了易燃蒸汽。

We typically hear about hot work accidents weekly.

我們通常每週都會聽到高溫作業事故。

It's become one of the most significant types of incidents the CSB investigates in terms of deaths, in terms of frequency.

就死亡人數和頻率而言，它已成為 CSB 調查的最重要的事故類型之一。

The Chemical Safety Board found that since 1990, welding, cutting and other hot work on or near flammable storage tanks caused fires and explosions that led to over 60 deaths.

化學品安全委員會發現，自 1990 年以來，易燃儲罐上或附近的焊接、切割和其他高溫作業引發了火災和爆炸，導致 60 多人死亡。

In February 2010, the CSB issued a safety bulletin, outlining seven key lessons to prevent hot work accidents.

2010 年 2 月，CSB 發佈了一份安全公告，概述了預防高溫作業事故的七大教訓。

The bulletin followed a tragic explosion that killed three paper mill workers in Wisconsin in July 2008, together with ten other serious hot work accidents investigated or reviewed by the CSB.

2008 年 7 月，威斯康星州一家造紙廠發生爆炸，造成三名工人死亡的悲劇，在此之前，CSB 還調查或審查了其他十起嚴重的高溫作業事故。

The main message of the CSB safety bulletin is to conduct an effective hazard evaluation and perform gas monitoring before conducting hot work.

CSB 安全公告的主要資訊是，在進行高溫作業之前，要進行有效的危險評估和氣體監測。

Proper use of combustible gas detectors would prevent many of these accidents and save lives.

正確使用可燃氣體探測器可以避免許多此類事故，挽救生命。

June 5, 2006, a rural oil production site in central Mississippi, operated by a company called Partridge-Raleigh.

2006 年 6 月 5 日，密西西比州中部的一個鄉村石油生產基地，由一家名為 Partridge-Raleigh 的公司營運。

All the workers are contractors employed by Stringer's Oilfield Services, hired to install tanks and piping at the site.

所有工人都是斯特林格油田服務公司僱傭的承包商，受僱在工地安裝油罐和管道。

They plan to connect a pipe between two of the site's four tanks.

他們計劃在現場四個水箱中的兩個之間連接一條管道。

They empty a large storage tank and then check it for flammable hydrocarbons by a dangerous and unreliable technique, inserting a lit welding torch into the tank.

他們清空一個大儲油罐，然後用一種危險且不可靠的技術，即把點燃的焊槍插入儲油罐，檢查其中是否有易燃碳氫化合物。

Seeing no flash, the workers believe it is safe to weld on the tank.

由於沒有發現閃光，工人們認為在油箱上進行焊接是安全的。

However, crude oil has remained inside one of the other production tanks, warming under the morning sun.

然而，原油還留在另一個生產罐內，在清晨的陽光下升溫。

Vapor from this oil flows into an adjacent tank and escapes through an uncapped pipe, just four feet from where workers plan to weld.

這些油的蒸汽流入鄰近的一個油罐，並通過一個未封蓋的管道逸出，該管道距離工人計劃焊接的地方僅有四英尺。

Sparks shower down from the welding process, igniting the flammable vapor.

焊接過程中會產生火花，點燃易燃蒸汽。

Flames flash back into the storage tank, causing an explosion, which blows off the tank lid and the ladder where three of the workers were standing.

火焰閃回儲油罐，引起爆炸，炸掉了儲油罐蓋和三名工人站立的梯子。

Flames shoot through a pipe into the next tank, causing an even more violent explosion.

火焰通過管道射入下一個水箱，引起更猛烈的爆炸。

Three workers were killed and the fourth was severely injured.

三名工人喪生，第四名受重傷。

CSB investigators noted that combustible gas detectors were not used at any time prior to or during hot work.

CSB 調查人員注意到，在熱作業之前或期間的任何時候都沒有使用可燃氣體探測器。

Partridge-Rawley had not established safety requirements for its contractors and the contractor provided no hot work safety training for its employees.

Partridge-Rawley 公司沒有為其承包商制定安全要求，承包商也沒有為其員工提供高溫作業安全培訓。

Hot work accidents affect workers not only in the oil and gas industry, but also across other sectors, such as food production, paper and wastewater treatment.

高溫作業事故不僅影響石油和天然氣行業的工人，也影響食品生產、造紙和廢水處理等其他行業的工人。

And then you were looking at him like, what are you doing?

然後你看著他說，你在幹什麼？

Clyde and I were married about almost two years together, about seven.

克萊德和我結婚快兩年了，大約七年。

Her name is Aaliyah Jones and she is now gonna be eight and she was three when he passed away.

她的名字叫艾莉婭-瓊斯（Aaliyah Jones），現在快八歲了，他去世時她才三歲。

He was an all-around maintenance man at the Bethune Water Treatment Plant in the city of Daytona Beach.

他是代託納比奇市白求恩水處理廠的一名全能維修工。

I just assumed that he had a normal, everyday, you know, 7 to 3, 30, Monday through Friday job.

我只是以為他有一份普通的日常工作，你知道的，7 點到 3 點，30 點，週一到週五。

And I would have never dreamed in a million years he would have been killed in a explosion.

我做夢也想不到他會在爆炸中喪生。

Clyde Jones is operating a crane at the wastewater treatment plant, while two other workers in a man-lift basket are removing a steel roof that covers two chemical storage tanks, one empty, the other containing about 3,000 gallons of highly flammable methanol.

克萊德-瓊斯（Clyde Jones）正在廢水處理廠操作一臺起重機，另外兩名工人正在一個人字吊籃中拆除覆蓋著兩個化學品儲罐的鋼頂，其中一個儲罐是空的，另一個儲罐裝有大約 3000 加侖高度易燃的甲醇。

But no combustible gas testing is required or performed.

但不要求或不進行可燃氣體檢測。

The workers use an oxyacetylene torch to cut the roof into sections.

工人們用氧乙炔炬將屋頂切割成若干部分。

Beneath them, methanol vapor vents from the top of the tank as the morning sun warms the liquid inside.

在它們下面，甲醇蒸氣從罐體頂部排出，清晨的陽光溫暖著罐內的液體。

Sparks from the torch shower down onto the tank, igniting the methanol vapor.

火炬噴出的火花落在油箱上，點燃了甲醇蒸汽。

The fire flashes into a corroded and ineffective flame arrestor and continues into the tank.

火苗竄入一個已被腐蝕且失效的阻火器，並繼續竄入油箱。

Flames spread instantly, igniting the methanol inside.

火焰瞬間蔓延，點燃了裡面的甲醇。

Burning methanol spews out from broken pipes, engulfing the two workers in the man-lift basket.

燃燒的甲醇從破損的管道中噴出，吞沒了人字吊籃中的兩名工人。

Flames envelop the cab of the crane where Clyde Jones is sitting.

火焰籠罩著克萊德-瓊斯所在的起重機駕駛室。

When Clyde got to Halifax Medical Center, him and I were able to talk for about 10 minutes before they intubated him.

克萊德被送到哈利法克斯醫療中心後，在插管之前，我和他還能交談大約 10 分鐘。

He told me that he loved me and to take care of the girls and he knew he was bad.

他告訴我他愛我，要我照顧好女兒們，他知道自己很壞。

And he asked me if I would promise to stay with him until the end.

The day after the explosion at the wastewater treatment plant, Clyde Jones, 40-year-old husband and father, died.

在廢水處理廠發生爆炸的第二天，40 歲的丈夫兼父親克萊德-瓊斯（Clyde Jones）去世。

Narrator The accidents at Bethune and Partridge Raleigh demonstrate the need to monitor the atmosphere for dangerous levels of flammable vapor.

旁白：白求恩和帕特里奇-羅利的事故表明，有必要監測大氣中可燃蒸汽的危險程度。

Ineffective monitoring techniques can be just as dangerous as no monitoring at all.

無效的監控技術與完全沒有監控一樣危險。

July 17, 2001, the Motiva Enterprises Refinery, Delaware City, Delaware.

2001 年 7 月 17 日，特拉華州特拉華市 Motiva Enterprises 煉油廠。

Several contractors are repairing a catwalk in a sulfuric acid tank farm.

幾名承包商正在維修硫酸儲罐區的一條走道。

Their task involves cutting near storage tank 393, which contains waste sulfuric acid and flammable hydrocarbons.

他們的任務是在 393 號儲罐附近進行切割，該儲罐裝有廢硫酸和易燃碳氫化合物。

But the tank is severely corroded and has holes in its roof and shell.

但水箱已嚴重腐蝕，箱頂和外殼都有破洞。

At about 7.45 a.m., Motiva operators use a combustible gas detector to test the atmosphere around tank 393.

上午 7 時 45 分左右，Motiva 操作人員使用可燃氣體檢測儀對 393 號油罐周圍的空氣進行檢測。

They never test the atmosphere after that.

此後，他們再也沒有測試過大氣層。

But as the day goes on, the temperature rises by 14 degrees, warming the contents of the tank and producing vapor that escapes through the holes.

但隨著時間的推移，溫度會升高 14 度，使水箱中的水升溫，產生的水蒸氣從孔中溢出。

But workers are unaware of the growing danger.

但工人們並沒有意識到這一日益嚴重的危險。

Around 1.30 p.m., a spark from an electric arc cutting system ignites the vapor, causing a powerful explosion.

下午 1 時 30 分左右，電弧切割系統產生的火花點燃了蒸氣，引起強烈爆炸。

The tank collapses, releasing 264,000 gallons of highly corrosive sulfuric acid.

儲罐坍塌，釋放出 26.4 萬加侖的高腐蝕性硫酸。

The sulfuric acid overwhelms the containment dike and wastewater systems.

硫酸淹沒了防護堤和廢水系統。

Almost 100,000 gallons reach the Delaware River, killing fish and other aquatic life.

近 100,000 加侖的水流入特拉華河，導致魚類和其他水生生物死亡。

A contract employee who had been working on the catwalk died in the accident.

一名在天橋上工作的合同工在事故中喪生。

Combustible gas detectors should be routinely used to identify and monitor for flammable atmospheres before and during hot work.

在高溫作業前和高溫作業期間，應定期使用可燃氣體探測器來識別和監測可燃氣體環境。

More recent accidents illustrate the same key lesson.

最近發生的事故也說明了同樣的重要教訓。

Gas monitoring was performed at ConAgra Foods in Boardman, Oregon on February 16, 2009, but not in the immediate area where welding was planned.

2009 年 2 月 16 日，俄勒岡州博德曼的康尼格拉食品公司進行了氣體監測，但不是在計劃進行焊接的附近區域。

Sparks ignited flammable gas from decaying matter beneath a water clarifier tank, causing an explosion that killed one worker.

火花點燃了水澄清池下方腐爛物質產生的可燃氣體，導致爆炸，造成一名工人死亡。

And three contract workers were killed at a Tepco fuel terminal, while they used a torch to cut into the roof of a gasoline storage tank.

三名合同工在日本電力公司的一個燃料終端使用火炬切割一個汽油儲罐的屋頂時喪生。

Gas testing occurred at 7 a.m., the start of the work shift, but was not repeated when workers returned from lunch or when they started the hot work.

氣體檢測是在早上 7 點工作班開始時進行的，但在工人吃完午飯回來或開始高溫作業時沒有重複進行。

Continuous monitoring for flammable vapor could have prevented these tragic accidents, which caused deaths, injuries and environmental damage.

對易燃蒸汽的持續監控本可以避免這些造成人員傷亡和環境破壞的悲劇性事故。

Other good safety practices are also important.

其他良好的安全措施也很重要。

Whenever possible, avoid hot work or consider alternative methods, such as cold or hydraulic cutting.

只要有可能，就應避免高溫作業，或考慮採用冷切割或液壓切割等替代方法。

Before any hot work, perform a comprehensive hazard assessment.

在進行任何高溫作業之前，都要進行全面的危險評估。

Personnel may sometimes be unaware of processes that can release flammable vapors.

工作人員有時可能不知道有可能釋放易燃蒸汽的過程。

In 2008, three workers were killed and one was injured in Tomahawk, Wisconsin, at the Packaging Corporation of America, which manufactures corrugated packaging and container board.

2008 年，在威斯康星州托馬霍克市的美國包裝公司，有三名工人死亡，一名工人受傷，該公司主要生產瓦楞紙包裝和貨櫃紙板。

Welding sparks ignited flammable hydrogen gas from an 80-foot tall storage tank.

焊接火花點燃了一個 80 英尺高儲罐中的易燃氫氣。

Unknown to plant employees, microbes were producing the gas from the decomposition of waste fiber inside the tank.

工廠員工並不知道，微生物正在通過分解罐內的廢纖維產生這種氣體。

Test the area where hot work is planned and eliminate potential sources of flammables, even in equipment that is not directly involved.

檢測計劃進行高溫作業的區域，消除潛在的易燃物來源，即使是不直接涉及的設備。

For instance, at Park Ridge Raleigh, emptying and purging the nearby crude oil tank would have eliminated the source of flammables.

例如，在 Park Ridge Raleigh，清空和清洗附近的原油儲罐就可以消除易燃物的來源。

Use written permits specifically identifying the work to be conducted and the required precautions.

使用書面許可證，具體確定要進行的工作和所需的預防措施。

At the Bethune Wastewater Plant, there was no permit system.

白求恩廢水處理廠沒有許可證制度。

Provide safety supervision for outside contractors conducting hot work.

為進行高溫作業的外部承包商提供安全監督。

Two contract workers were killed in LaRue, Ohio, on October 19th, 2008, when an explosion occurred while they were welding above crude oil storage tanks owned by Marr Oil.

2008 年 10 月 19 日，在俄亥俄州拉魯，兩名合同工在馬爾石油公司的原油儲罐上方焊接時發生爆炸，導致兩人死亡。

The company had no formal program to select or oversee contractors.

公司沒有選擇或監督承包商的正式計劃。

And finally, train personnel on the hazards of hot work.

最後，對員工進行高溫作業危險性方面的培訓。

When there's any hot work involved, there needs to be additional training and safeguards put in place to make sure that the men or women that are doing the job are competent and well-trained to do the job.

如果涉及高溫作業，就需要進行額外的培訓和採取額外的保障措施，以確保從事這項工作的男女員工都能勝任工作，並且訓練有素。