So they said to me,

所以他們對我說

Eric, do you have anything that you can add to this compelling list of stories and ideas?

埃裡克，除了這些令人信服的故事和想法之外，你還有什麼可以補充的嗎？

Something you can talk about here on the TED stage.

你可以在 TED 的舞臺上暢所欲言。

And I said, of course I do.

我說，我當然知道。

And the question I want to explore with you today is, why don't vampires cast reflections in mirrors?

今天我想和大家探討的問題是，為什麼吸血鬼不會在鏡子裡投射倒影？

Right?

對不對？

Mm.

嗯 Mm.

So you've probably seen this before in movies.

你可能在電影裡見過這個場景。

The humans are suspicious of the new dark stranger, and they band together in this moment of confrontation.

人類對這個新來的黑暗陌生人心存疑慮，並在這一對抗時刻團結起來。

And they open up a mirror in front of them, and bam, there's no reflection there.

他們打開面前的鏡子，"砰 "的一聲，鏡子裡沒有倒影。

Proving to the humans that the new dark stranger is in fact a vampire.

向人類證明，新來的黑暗陌生人其實是吸血鬼。

That's right.

這就對了。

So where did this start?

那麼，這是從哪裡開始的呢？

How did this happen?

怎麼會這樣？

This idea that you can hold a mirror up to an undead creature and learn that they are a vampire.

這種想法認為，你可以拿一面鏡子照照不死生物，然後知道他們是吸血鬼。

Well, we're going to find that out.

我們馬上就會知道了。

The thing you have to keep in mind is as we look through the history of vampires, that they change over time.

你必須牢記的是，當我們回顧吸血鬼的歷史時，他們會隨著時間的推移而改變。

Every culture in history has had a variation on a vampire.

歷史上的每一種文化都有吸血鬼的變種。

Every single one.

每一個

Very few of them use --"

很少有人使用

Are you laughing at some of these illustrations?

看到這些插圖，你會笑嗎？

Maybe you are.

也許你就是。

I did sneak one in there.

我確實偷偷放了一個進去。

So they don't always call them vampires, but every culture has a version of a supernatural creature who comes back from the dead and gains power by preying on the living.

是以，他們並不總是稱之為吸血鬼，但每種文化中都有一種超自然生物，他們死而復生，通過捕食活人獲得力量。

Our version of the vampire really came about in the 16th century.

我們的吸血鬼版本真正出現在 16 世紀。

It was a way to conveniently explain some misunderstandings about death and dying.

這是一種方便解釋關於死亡和臨終的一些誤解的方式。

Some sketchy activity happens in the village.

村裡發生了一些可疑的活動。

Someone gets an idea, hey, let's dig up Wolfgang.

有人靈機一動，嘿，我們把沃爾夫岡挖出來吧。

And they open his coffin, and they find that his hair and his fingernails and his teeth have all seemed to grow since he died.

他們打開他的棺材，發現自從他死後，他的頭髮、指甲和牙齒似乎都長了出來。

And they see some fluid around his mouth, which they mistakenly think is blood.

他們看到他嘴邊有一些液體，誤以為是血。

Proof that Wolfgang is a vampire.

沃爾夫岡是吸血鬼的證據

But this is actually what happens to a body when it's decomposing, not that they're dead.

但這其實是屍體腐爛時的情況，並不是說他們已經死了。

Our understanding of vampires really exploded, or our lexicon for vampires really exploded, in the 18th century, after a rabies outbreak in Hungary and Romania.

18 世紀，匈牙利和羅馬尼亞爆發狂犬病疫情之後，我們對吸血鬼的認識才真正爆發，或者說我們對吸血鬼的詞彙才真正爆發。

Now, the thing to remember is that when a human contracts rabies, it can take a couple weeks before symptoms start to manifest.

現在，需要記住的是，當人類感染狂犬病時，可能需要幾周的時間才能開始出現症狀。

So some really common vampire characteristics, like an avoidance of bright lights, or strong smells like garlic, an aversion to water, and suddenly aggressive behavior are not signs of the undead.

是以，一些常見的吸血鬼特徵，如躲避強光或大蒜等強烈氣味、厭惡水和突然的攻擊性行為，並不是不死生物的標誌。

They are signs of rabies.

它們是狂犬病的徵兆。

But back then, they couldn't put those things together.

但在當時，他們無法把這些東西放在一起。

They didn't think that the neighbor who's acting funny now, it wasn't because of the raccoon that bit them two weeks ago.

他們不認為鄰居現在的怪異舉動，是因為兩週前咬了他們的浣熊。

It's because now a much more logical explanation is that they are, in fact, a vampire.

因為現在更合理的解釋是，他們其實是吸血鬼。

So most of our ideas of vampires that we all think of came about in the movies.

是以，我們對吸血鬼的印象大多來自電影。

Count Dracula and Sherlock Holmes have been in a decades-long battle to be the most depicted fictional character in film.

數十年來，德古拉伯爵和福爾摩斯一直在爭奪電影中描寫最多的虛構人物。

It goes back and forth every couple of years.

每隔幾年就會來來回回。

But when we think of the vampire in film, there are some things that are quite iconic to us, like Nosferatu, right?

但是，當我們想到電影中的吸血鬼時，有些東西對我們來說很有代表性，比如《諾斯費拉圖》，對嗎？

Here's a fun fact for you about Nosferatu.

這裡有一個關於《諾斯費拉圖》的趣聞。

Outside of that, most people get something wrong.

除此之外，大多數人都會出錯。

They think it's the first vampire movie.

他們認為這是第一部吸血鬼電影。

But it was the first one that was anything like approaching a hit.

但這是第一部接近熱門的作品。

The fun fact I want to share with you is that every copy of Nosferatu that any of us have ever seen is an illegal bootleg.

我想和大家分享的一個有趣事實是，我們看過的每一部《諾斯費拉圖》都是非法盜版。

The Bram Stoker's widow sued the filmmakers for copyright infringement.

布拉姆-斯托克的遺孀起訴電影製片人侵犯版權。

She was worried that Nosferatu was going to cut into the quite lucrative royalties from the stage version of Dracula that was being performed in the UK and the US.

她擔心《諾斯費拉圖》會削減在英國和美國上演的舞臺版《德古拉》相當豐厚的版稅。

She won that lawsuit, and in her settlement, she demanded that every copy of the film be destroyed.

她打贏了這場官司，並在和解協議中要求銷燬所有電影拷貝。

Most people, when they think of vampires, think of the 1931 Todd Browning classic, starring Pele Lugosi as Count Dracula.

提到吸血鬼，大多數人都會想到 1931 年託德-布朗寧的經典影片，由佩萊-盧戈西飾演德古拉伯爵。

You almost can't overstate how huge a movie this was.

這部電影的影響力之大幾乎無以復加。

It not only really established vampire movies and started a vampire movie trend that lasted for over two decades, it was the first mainstream hit that was a horror film.

它不僅真正確立了吸血鬼電影的地位，掀起了持續二十多年的吸血鬼電影風潮，而且還是第一部在主流市場大受歡迎的恐怖片。

It really established horror as a genre in film and set up expectations for, like, even Frankenstein.

它真正確立了恐怖電影的流派，併為科學怪人等設定了期望值。

It came later that same year.

同年晚些時候

Since this whole craze of vampires really started with Dracula, we've had so many hundreds of variations of the vampire.

自從吸血鬼的熱潮從德古拉（Dracula）開始，我們就有了數以百計的吸血鬼變種。

We have had samurai vampire, we have had plumber vampires, we have had vampire babies, we have had stripper vampires, we've had a vampire movie about every member of Dracula's extended family.

我們有武士吸血鬼，我們有水管工吸血鬼，我們有吸血鬼嬰兒，我們有脫衣舞吸血鬼，我們有一部關於德古拉大家族每個成員的吸血鬼電影。

Son of Dracula, daughter of Dracula, father of Dracula, bride of Dracula.

德古拉之子，德古拉之女，德古拉之父，德古拉之新娘。

We've even had Dracula's dog in Zoltan, Hound of Dracula.

我們甚至還在《德古拉的獵犬佐爾坦》中養過德古拉的狗。

And there is one definitive thing I can tell you about vampire movies, and that is vampire movies suck.

關於吸血鬼電影，我可以告訴你一件事，那就是吸血鬼電影爛透了。

And I'm not being metaphorical here.

我不是在比喻。

Vampire movies are not good movies.

吸血鬼電影不是好電影。

So why is this?

為什麼會這樣？

Why is it that these movies don't really last very long?

為什麼這些電影持續的時間並不長？

It's because we keep changing our idea of what terrifies us and what scares us.

這是因為我們一直在改變我們的觀念，什麼讓我們害怕，什麼讓我們恐懼。

You know, speaking of things in common, there's one thing that vampire movies do not have in common.

說到共同點，吸血鬼電影有一個共同點是沒有的。

Does anyone want to guess what vampire movies do not have in common?

有誰想猜一猜，吸血鬼電影都有哪些共同點？

Vampires.

吸血鬼

It became such a hot trend for vampire movies that people would slip the word vampire into the title, even though there wasn't a vampire in the movie.

吸血鬼電影大行其道，即使電影中沒有吸血鬼，人們也會在片名中加入 "吸血鬼 "一詞。

There's multiple ones of these.

這些東西有多個。

The most notorious of these was the 1952 stinker called My Son the Vampire, which did star a late-career Bela Lugosi, but he didn't play a vampire, and no one else in the cast did either.

其中最臭名昭著的是 1952 年的《我的兒子是吸血鬼》（My Son the Vampire），該片確實由職業生涯晚期的貝拉-盧戈西（Bela Lugosi）主演，但他並沒有扮演吸血鬼，劇組中也沒有其他人扮演吸血鬼。

But they figured it would get in on a big trend and did this.

但他們認為，這樣做可以順應大趨勢。

So not even this happened.

所以連這種事都沒發生過。

I often get asked, what is the best vampire movie I've ever seen and the worst vampire movie I've ever seen?

經常有人問我，我看過的最好的吸血鬼電影和最差的吸血鬼電影分別是什麼？

And it may surprise you to learn that the best vampire movie I've ever seen and the worst vampire movie I've ever seen are the same film.

你可能會驚訝地發現，我看過的最好的吸血鬼電影和最差的吸血鬼電影竟然是同一部電影。

Jesus Christ, Vampire Hunter.

上帝啊，吸血鬼獵人

So we know a lot about Jesus, right?

我們對耶穌瞭解很多，對嗎？

But somehow, history has forgot that Jesus of Nazareth is apparently also a kung fu master.

但不知何故，歷史忘記了拿撒勒人耶穌顯然也是一位功夫大師。

And in this movie,

而在這部電影裡

Jesus comes back to earth to save the world and humanity from a vampire cult who has taken over, and he uses his kung fu skills to do this.

耶穌重返人間，從吸血鬼邪教手中拯救世界和人類，他用自己的武功完成了這一使命。

And one more little tidbit,

還有一個小插曲、

Jesus Christ, Vampire Hunter is also a musical.

耶穌基督，吸血鬼獵人》也是一部音樂劇。

So just for your enjoyment,

所以，僅供大家欣賞、

I did bring along the trailer to this great piece of cinema.

我確實帶來了這部偉大電影的預告片。

In the new millennium, vampires no longer fear the sun.

在新千年，吸血鬼不再懼怕陽光。

Now they're going to learn it's time to fear the son of God.

現在，他們要學會敬畏上帝之子了。

Phil Karakis is

菲爾-卡拉基斯是

Jesus Christ, Vampire Hunter.

上帝啊，吸血鬼獵人

Yeah.

是啊

I am assuming that you're all in some state of stun after seeing that.

我猜你們看到這一幕後都驚呆了。

So let me give you a real quick recap of what you saw.

讓我來簡單回顧一下你們所看到的。

You saw Jesus riding a Vespa.

你看到耶穌騎著一輛 Vespa。

Then you saw Jesus getting his hair cut.

然後你看到耶穌在理髮。

Then you saw Jesus kicking some holy ass.

然後你就看到耶穌踢了一些神聖的屁股。

And you also saw El Santo, the famed Mexican mask wrestler who is in the film and plays Jesus' sidekick.

你還看到了 El Santo，這位著名的墨西哥面具摔跤手在影片中扮演耶穌的跟班。

So I think we've established over the last several minutes that there are many colors in the vampire rainbow.

所以，我想在過去的幾分鐘裡，我們已經知道吸血鬼的彩虹有很多種顏色。

So let's not get too far away from our original point.

所以，我們還是不要偏離原點太遠。

Why don't vampires, in all these bad films, bad novels, bad stories, why do none of them ever cast reflections in mirrors?

為什麼在所有這些爛電影、爛小說、爛故事中，吸血鬼都不會在鏡子中反射？

I mean, they're not one, but several vampire tales where the vampires are deathly scared of uncooked rice.

我是說，在吸血鬼的故事裡，吸血鬼對未煮熟的米飯恐懼得要死，這不是一個，而是好幾個。

Yeah, true.

是的，沒錯。

Count Von Count from Sesame Street is based off of the idea that vampires are obsessed with counting.

芝麻街》中的 "馮伯爵"（Count Von Count）是根據吸血鬼痴迷於數數的想法創作的。

If they see sand or rice on the ground, they're going to have to stop and count every grain.

如果他們看到地上有沙子或大米，就必須停下來數一數每一粒。

The sun comes up and they die.

太陽昇起，他們就死了。

There you go.

這就對了。

Little improvised little bit for you right there.

即興為你表演一小段。

So now see if I can find my place back into what I'm talking about.

所以，現在看看我是否能找到自己的位置，回到我所說的話題中來。

So if you want the answers to why they don't cast reflections in mirrors, the answer is that there really isn't a clear answer to this question.

所以，如果你想知道為什麼鏡子裡不會出現倒影，答案就是這個問題真的沒有明確的答案。

The consensus thinking is that when you hold, it comes from the habit or something people did of holding a mirror up to a deceased person's face to see if the warm breath would fog up the mirror.

人們一致認為，"憋氣 "源於一種習慣，或者說是人們把鏡子對著逝者的臉，看看溫熱的氣息是否會讓鏡子起霧。

And if you think about it, if someone is laying prone and you hold a mirror up to their face, what you're going to see in that mirror is the wall.

仔細想想，如果一個人俯臥在地，你拿鏡子照他的臉，你在鏡子裡看到的就是牆壁。

You're not going to see them.

你不會看到他們的。

Therefore, no reflection in the mirror.

是以，鏡子裡沒有倒影。

But I think there's actually a far simpler answer than this.

但我認為，答案其實比這簡單得多。

When you look at vampires and how they change over time, what was once terrifying and evil becomes dull and campy.

當你審視吸血鬼以及他們隨著時間的推移而發生的變化時，曾經的恐怖和邪惡就會變得沉悶和乏味。

We change the vampire to match our time.

我們更換吸血鬼，以配合我們的時間。

In the 1890s, Bram Stoker's Dracula, the novel, was thought to be an allegory for the end of Victorian morals.

19 世紀 90 年代，布拉姆-斯托克的小說《德古拉》被認為是維多利亞時代道德終結的寓言。

In 1931, when the Dracula, sorry, Bela Lugosi came out, the idea was that that represented a fear of Eastern European immigration.

1931 年，當《德古拉》（對不起，是貝拉-盧戈西）上映時，人們認為這代表了對東歐移民的恐懼。

In the 1950s, vampire films represented a fear of communism.

20 世紀 50 年代，吸血鬼電影代表了人們對共產主義的恐懼。

We morph the vampire to match our time.

我們將吸血鬼變形，以適應我們的時代。

So with this, why don't vampires cast reflections in mirrors?

既然如此，吸血鬼為什麼不在鏡子裡投射倒影呢？

I think it's because the vampire is the reflection.

我認為這是因為吸血鬼是倒影。

They are a reflection of us.

它們是我們的寫照。

They are a reflection of what we fear.

它們反映了我們的恐懼。

They are a reflection of what we consider to be unchecked power without accountability.

它們反映了我們所認為的沒有問責制的不受約束的權力。

They are our idea of the ultimate villain that lies almost undetectable until someone holds a mirror up to them.

他們是我們心目中的終極惡棍，幾乎無法察覺，直到有人拿起鏡子照他們。

All our talks today are themed around unity.

我們今天所有的談話都以團結為主題。

The idea that when we come together, we are stronger.

當我們走到一起時，我們會變得更加強大。

I would argue that it's not only about the things that we share in common as far as beliefs and things that we believe, but also the darker things that unite us.

我想說的是，這不僅關乎我們在信仰和信念方面的共同點，還關乎將我們團結在一起的黑暗面。

When I know what you fear, when I know what goes bump in your night, perhaps I can help protect you.

當我知道你在害怕什麼，當我知道你的夜晚會發生什麼，也許我就能幫助保護你。

Perhaps we can help protect each other.

也許我們可以幫助保護彼此。

There are so many vampires in the world today.

當今世界有那麼多吸血鬼。

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

Vampire.

吸血鬼

So when I originally started this talk, so when I originally put this talk together, there was a picture here.

所以，當我最初開始這個講座時，所以當我最初把這個講座放在一起時，這裡有一張照片。

And the TEDx people said, maybe you should take that picture of a politician out.

TEDx的人說，也許你應該把那張政客的照片拿掉。

And I will leave it to you to figure out what politician's picture

至於政治家的照片是什麼樣子的，就留給你們自己去想吧

I just might have put in there in a list of vampires.

我可能只是把它放在了吸血鬼的名單裡。

Maybe better yet,

也許更好、

I could ask what politician wouldn't be put in a list of vampires.

我可以問，有哪位政治家不會被列入吸血鬼名單。

But I want to leave you with this.

但我想把這句話留給你們。

One thing that I see in so many vampire stories is the thing that brings about the monster's decline is when the humans, who are weak and powerless individually, come together and unite, and they prevail.

我在很多吸血鬼故事中都看到過這樣的情節：當人類個體軟弱無力時，他們團結起來，最終戰勝了怪物。

It's a concept called unity.

這是一個叫做 "統一 "的概念。

Thank you.

謝謝。