My name is Christian, and I am Canadian.

我叫克里斯蒂安，是加拿大人。

I am from Canada, and this is a map of Canada.

我來自加拿大，這是一張加拿大地圖。

So this is Canada.

這裡就是加拿大。

This is a map of Canada, and this is Ottawa.

這是加拿大地圖，這裡是渥太華。

Ottawa is the capital of Canada.

渥太華是加拿大的首都。

Ottawa is Canada's capital city.

渥太華是加拿大的首都。

Just like Paris is the capital of France, London is the capital of England, Beijing is the capital of China, Ottawa is the capital of Canada.

就像巴黎是法國的首都，倫敦是英國的首都，北京是中國的首都，渥太華是加拿大的首都一樣。

So Ottawa is Canada's capital city.

渥太華是加拿大的首都。

And this is Toronto.

這就是多倫多。

Toronto is the capital of Ontario.

多倫多是安大略省的首府。

Ontario is a province in Canada.

安大略省是加拿大的一個省。

Canada has 10 provinces.

加拿大有 10 個省。

So these are Canada's 10 provinces.

這就是加拿大的 10 個省。

And Canada has three territories.

加拿大有三個領地。

So Canada has three territories.

是以，加拿大有三個領地。

So Ontario is a province in Canada.

安大略省是加拿大的一個省。

Quebec is another province in Canada.

魁北克是加拿大的另一個省份。

Alberta is a province in Canada.

艾伯塔省是加拿大的一個省。

British Columbia is a province in Canada.

不列顛哥倫比亞省是加拿大的一個省。

And Toronto is the capital of Ontario.

而多倫多是安大略省的首府。

So Toronto is the capital of Ontario, and Ontario is a province in Canada.

多倫多是安大略省的首府，安大略省是加拿大的一個省。

So I used to live in Toronto.

我以前住在多倫多。

I used to work there.

我曾經在那裡工作過。

I used to study there.

我曾經在那裡學習。

I used to sleep there.

我曾經睡在那裡。

So I lived in Toronto for about 10 years.

我在多倫多住了大約 10 年。

I lived there from 2005 until 2015.

從 2005 年到 2015 年，我一直住在那裡。

I want to show you two photos that I took when I lived in Toronto.

我想給你們看兩張我在多倫多生活時拍的照片。

So these are two photos that I took.

這是我拍的兩張照片。

This is what Toronto looks like in the spring or summer.

這就是多倫多春天或夏天的樣子。

And this is what Toronto looks like in the wintertime.

這就是多倫多冬天的樣子。

So these are two photos I took.

這是我拍的兩張照片。

I took them with a camera.

我用相機拍的。

Not this camera, but a digital camera.

不是這臺相機，而是一臺數碼相機。

A camera like this one.

像這樣的相機

So I took these photos in Toronto.

所以我在多倫多拍了這些照片。

I took this photo, I think I took it in May of 2012.

這張照片是我拍的，應該是在 2012 年 5 月。

So that would be May.

那就是五月了。

May is in the springtime, almost the summertime.

五月正值春季，接近夏季。

And I think I took this photo in January of 2013.

這張照片是我在 2013 年 1 月拍的。

So January is the wintertime.

是以，一月是冬季。

So this is what Toronto looks like in the spring or summer.

這就是多倫多春天或夏天的樣子。

And this is what Toronto looks like in the wintertime.

這就是多倫多冬天的樣子。

So this year is 2019.

所以，今年是 2019 年。

So I took these photos in 2012 and 2013, I think.

這些照片應該是我在 2012 年和 2013 年拍攝的。

That would be about six or seven years ago now.

那應該是六七年前的事了。

So again, this is what Toronto looks like in the spring or summer.

這就是多倫多春天或夏天的樣子。

And this is what Toronto looks like in the winter.

這就是多倫多冬天的樣子。

So let's compare these two photos.

讓我們來比較一下這兩張照片。

How does Toronto look different in the wintertime?

冬季的多倫多有何不同？

So in the wintertime, there's lots of green grass on the ground.

是以，在冬天，地上有很多綠草。

So there's lots of grass here, lots of green grass here.

所以這裡有很多草，很多綠草。

There's some green grass over here too.

這裡也有一些綠草。

There's lots of parks and places in Toronto where there's lots of grass.

多倫多有很多公園和地方都有很多草地。

So you can see lots of green grass on the ground in the spring and summer.

是以，在春夏季節，你可以看到地面上長滿了綠草。

But then in the winter, lots of snow falls.

但到了冬天，就會下很多雪。

It's very cold and lots of all over the ground here, lots of snow here.

這裡非常寒冷，地面上到處都是積雪。

There's snow on the roofs of buildings here.

這裡的樓頂都積雪了。

And there's snow on these roofs.

屋頂上還有積雪。

So there's snow everywhere in the winter.

所以冬天到處都是雪。

Also, you can see this tree.

此外，你還可以看到這棵樹。

There's a tree here.

這裡有棵樹

And this tree is bare.

而這棵樹是光禿禿的。

But then in the spring, leaves grow on the tree.

但到了春天，樹上又長出了葉子。

So the tree grows lots of green leaves.

於是，樹上長出了許多綠葉。

So in the spring and summer, all of these trees have green leaves.

是以，在春天和夏天，所有這些樹都長著綠葉。

So you can see there's a tree here.

你可以看到這裡有一棵樹。

There's trees over here.

這裡有樹

And they're all covered with green leaves.

它們都長滿了綠葉。

But then in the fall, all the leaves fall off of those trees.

但到了秋天，樹上的葉子就都落光了。

And they are bare.

它們是光禿禿的。

So in the winter, all these trees have no leaves.

所以到了冬天，所有這些樹都沒有葉子。

But then in the spring and summer, they grow green leaves again.

但到了春夏季節，它們又會長出綠葉。

In the spring and summer, there's lots of green.

春夏兩季，綠意盎然。

There's green grass and green trees.

綠草如茵，綠樹成蔭。

But in the winter, you see lots of white snow.

但在冬天，你會看到很多白雪。

There's snow on the ground, snow on the roofs here.

地上有雪，屋頂上也有雪。

There's snow on these buildings.

這些建築上都有雪。

So there's snow everywhere in the winter.

所以冬天到處都是雪。

And also in the winter, you can see steam rising from buildings.

同樣在冬天，你還能看到從建築物中冒出的蒸汽。

So there's steam here.

所以這裡有蒸汽。

There's steam here rising from these buildings.

從這些建築中冒出的蒸汽。

And when it's very cold, it condenses.

當溫度很低時，它就會凝結。

The water vapor or the steam condenses.

水蒸氣或蒸汽凝結。

Just like if you breathe out, when you breathe out, when you exhale, when it's very cold, you can see it in front of you.

就像如果你呼氣，當你呼氣時，當你呼出時，當它非常冷時，你就能看到它在你面前。

It looks like this.

看起來是這樣的

You can see your breath.

你可以看到自己的呼吸。

You can see the water vapor condense and make a cloud like this in front of your face.

你可以看到水蒸氣在你面前凝結成這樣一朵雲。

So again, this is what summertime looks like.

這就是夏天的樣子。

So let's take a look at this photo of Toronto in the spring, almost the summertime, and see what are some of the things that we can see in downtown Toronto.

是以，讓我們來看看這張多倫多春天的照片，差不多是夏天的時候，看看我們在多倫多市中心能看到哪些東西。

So this is downtown Toronto.

這裡就是多倫多市中心。

And of course, in downtown Toronto, there are many buildings, there are buildings here, many, many buildings.

當然，在多倫多市中心，有很多建築，這裡有很多建築，很多很多建築。

Right here in the business district downtown, there are many office buildings, many very tall buildings, skyscrapers.

就在市中心的商業區，有許多辦公樓，許多非常高的建築，摩天大樓。

So these are office buildings.

所以這些都是辦公樓。

These are places where people work.

這些都是人們工作的地方。

And over here, over here, these are condominiums.

這裡，這裡，這些都是公寓。

So these are condominium towers.

這些都是公寓樓。

So these are buildings where people live, where people sleep.

是以，這些建築是人們居住和睡覺的地方。

And you can see here, there's many construction sites.

你可以看到，這裡有許多建築工地。

You can see this building is under construction.

你可以看到這座建築正在建設中。

And there's a crane here.

這裡還有起重機

This is a construction site.

這是一個建築工地。

And there's a crane here.

這裡還有起重機

And here's another crane, here's another crane.

這裡還有一臺起重機，這裡還有一臺起重機。

So at the time, again, this was about seven years ago.

當時，這也是七年前的事了。

So there were many construction sites, there was a lot of construction going on in downtown Toronto.

是以，多倫多市中心有許多建築工地，正在進行大量施工。

And over here, you can see there are many apartment buildings, many condominiums here.

在這裡，你可以看到許多公寓樓，許多共有公寓。

So again, places where people live, where people sleep.

所以，還是那句話，人們居住的地方，人們睡覺的地方。

And over here, you can see there are train tracks.

在這裡，你可以看到有火車軌道。

These are train tracks.

這些是火車軌道。

Many people live outside of Toronto.

許多人居住在多倫多以外的地區。

And then they come into Toronto by train.

然後，他們乘火車來到多倫多。

So they come into Toronto, and they work, they work downtown.

是以，他們來到多倫多，在市中心工作。

And then they take the train outside of Toronto.

然後他們乘火車離開多倫多。

So they take the train back home, back to where they live outside of Toronto, where they live, and where they sleep.

於是，他們坐火車回家，回到多倫多郊外的住處，住在那裡，睡在那裡。

And then they come back again by train, and then work again.

然後，他們再坐火車回來，繼續工作。

So many people live outside of Toronto, and then they come in by train in order to work in Toronto, to work in downtown Toronto.

很多人都住在多倫多以外的地方，然後坐火車來多倫多工作，在多倫多市中心工作。

And over here, you can see there's a road here.

在這裡，你可以看到有一條路。

There's this bridge, this bridge goes over the train tracks here.

有一座橋，這座橋橫跨火車軌道。

And you can see there's a streetcar here.

你可以看到這裡有一輛有軌電車。

This is a streetcar.

這是一輛有軌電車。

Toronto has streetcars, Toronto has buses, and Toronto has subways.

多倫多有有軌電車，多倫多有公共汽車，多倫多還有地鐵。

So the streetcars and buses are above ground.

是以，有軌電車和公共汽車都在地面上。

They go above ground, and the subways go below ground.

它們在地面上運行，而地鐵在地下運行。

So Toronto has streetcars like this, and Toronto has buses, and Toronto has subways.

是以，多倫多有這樣的有軌電車，多倫多有公車，多倫多有地鐵。

And over here, you can see this is an expressway.

在這裡，你可以看到這是一條高速公路。

This is called the Gardiner Expressway.

這就是加德納高速公路。

So the Gardiner Expressway goes over this road here, and you can see there are some cars here.

加迪納高速公路穿過這條路，你可以看到這裡有一些汽車。

In this picture, there's just a few cars, but sometimes it's very busy.

在這張照片中，只有幾輛車，但有時會非常繁忙。

At rush hour, it's very busy.

在上下班高峰期，這裡非常繁忙。

There are many, many, many cars, lots of cars.

有很多很多車，很多很多車。

But in this picture, there's only a few cars, so it's not very busy.

但在這張照片中，只有幾輛車，所以不是很繁忙。

You can see a taxi here.

您可以在這裡看到一輛計程車。

There's a taxi cab.

有一輛計程車

This taxi is green and orange.

這輛計程車是綠色和橙色相間的。

Toronto has many taxis like this, many taxi cabs that are these colors, green and orange.

多倫多有很多這樣的計程車，很多計程車都是這種顏色，綠色和橙色。

You probably have seen this before, this structure.

你可能以前見過這種結構。

This is called the CN Tower.

這就是 CN 塔。

So this is the CN Tower.

這就是 CN 塔。

It's very tall.

它非常高。

It's much taller than everything else in Toronto.

它比多倫多其他地方都要高得多。

And the CN Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.

而 CN 塔是世界上最高的塔之一。

It's about 553 meters tall.

它高約 553 米。

So the CN Tower is very tall.

所以，CN 塔非常高。

It's taller than all of these other buildings.

它比其他建築都要高。

And again, this is downtown Toronto.

再說一遍，這裡是多倫多市中心。

So again, to review, my name is Christian.

所以，再次回顧一下，我的名字叫克里斯蒂安。

I am Canadian.

我是加拿大人。

I am from Canada.

我來自加拿大。

And this is a map of Canada.

這是加拿大地圖。

This is Ottawa.

這裡是渥太華。

Ottawa is the capital of Canada.

渥太華是加拿大的首都。

So Ottawa is Canada's capital city.

渥太華是加拿大的首都。

And this is Toronto.

這就是多倫多。

Toronto is the capital of Ontario.

多倫多是安大略省的首府。

And Ontario is a province in Canada.

而安大略省是加拿大的一個省。

And I used to live in Toronto.

我以前住在多倫多。

I lived in Toronto for about 10 years.

我在多倫多住了大約 10 年。

I lived there from 2005 until 2015.

從 2005 年到 2015 年，我一直住在那裡。

So I lived in Toronto for about 10 years.

我在多倫多住了大約 10 年。

And these are two photos that I took.

這是我拍的兩張照片。

Photos with a camera.

用相機拍照。

Not this camera, but a camera like this one.

不是這臺相機，而是像這樣的相機。

I took these photos when I lived in Toronto.

這些照片是我住在多倫多時拍的。

And so this is what Toronto looks like in the spring or summer.

這就是多倫多春天或夏天的樣子。

And this is what Toronto looks like in the wintertime.

這就是多倫多冬天的樣子。

So I think I took this photo in May of 2012.

這張照片是我在 2012 年 5 月拍的。

So that would be the springtime, almost the summertime.

所以那應該是春天，差不多是夏天。

And I think I took this photo in January of 2013.

這張照片是我在 2013 年 1 月拍的。

So that would be in the wintertime, in January.

所以那應該是在冬天，也就是一月份。

And let's compare.

讓我們來比較一下。

How does Toronto look different in the spring or summer compared to the wintertime?

春季或夏季的多倫多與冬季相比有何不同？

So in the spring or summer, there's lots of grass on the ground.

是以，在春天或夏天，地上會有很多草。

Lots of green grass here.

這裡綠草如茵

There's lots of green trees.

綠樹成蔭

Trees with lots of green leaves.

長滿綠葉的樹木

But in the fall, the leaves fall off of the trees.

但到了秋天，樹葉就會掉光。

And then in the winter, the trees are bare.

到了冬天，樹木就光禿禿的了。

And in the winter, it's very cold often.

而在冬天，這裡常常非常寒冷。

A lot of snow falls.

大雪紛飛

So there's lots of snow on the ground.

所以地上有很多雪。

Lots of white snow.

白雪皚皚

You can see snow on the ground here.

您可以在這裡看到地面上的積雪。

There's snow on the roofs of buildings here.

這裡的樓頂都積雪了。

A bit of snow on this building.

這座建築上有一點積雪。

And also you can see there's steam rising from the buildings.

你還可以看到有蒸汽從建築物中升起。

For many buildings here, when it's very cold, you can see the steam because it condenses.

對於這裡的許多建築來說，當天氣非常寒冷時，你可以看到蒸汽，因為蒸汽會凝結。

Just like when you breathe out and it's very cold.

就像當你呼氣時，天氣非常寒冷。

When you breathe out, when you exhale, you can see the water vapor condensing in front of your face.

當你呼氣時，可以看到水蒸氣在你面前凝結。

So you can see your breath.

這樣你就能看到自己的呼吸。

It looks like this.

看起來是這樣的

So again, this is what Toronto looks like in the winter.

這就是多倫多冬天的樣子。

And this is what Toronto looks like in the spring and summer.

這就是多倫多春夏季的景象。

And let's look at some of the things that we can see in downtown Toronto.

讓我們來看看多倫多市中心的一些景象。

Of course, there's many, many buildings.

當然，還有很多很多的建築。

And there's many different kinds of buildings.

這裡有許多不同類型的建築。

There are tall buildings, skyscrapers, many office towers, places where people work.

這裡有高樓大廈、摩天大樓、許多辦公大樓和人們工作的地方。

So these are office towers where people work.

是以，這些都是人們工作的辦公樓。

And these are over here.

而這些都在這裡。

There are many condominiums.

這裡有許多公寓。

And at the time when I took this, I took this about seven years ago.

我拍這張照片的時候，大概是七年前。

I took this photo about seven years ago in 2012.

這張照片是我在大約七年前的 2012 年拍攝的。

Around that time, there was a lot of construction going on.

在那段時間裡，有很多建築工程正在進行。

So you can see construction sites here.

是以，你可以在這裡看到建築工地。

There's a construction site here.

這裡有個建築工地

This building is under construction.

這座建築正在建設中。

This building is under construction.

這座建築正在建設中。

There are many cranes.

有許多起重機。

This is a crane.

這是起重機。

There's a crane here.

這裡有起重機

Another crane here on top of this building.

這棟樓頂上還有一臺起重機。

So there are many condominiums, condominium towers under construction.

是以，有許多公寓、公寓大樓正在建設中。

So there's condominiums.

所以就有了公寓。

There's apartment buildings, condominiums, places where people live, where people sleep.

這裡有公寓樓、共有公寓、人們居住的地方、人們睡覺的地方。

You can also see train tracks here.

您還可以在這裡看到火車軌道。

So many people, there are many people who live outside of Toronto, but then they come into Toronto by train to work, to work here, to work downtown.

是以，有很多人居住在多倫多以外的地方，但他們會乘火車到多倫多來工作，到這裡來工作，到市中心來工作。

And then they take the train back home to where they live, where they sleep.

然後，他們乘火車回家，回到住的地方，在那裡睡覺。

And here is a bridge.

這裡有一座橋。

This bridge goes over these train tracks.

這座橋橫跨火車軌道。

And you can see a streetcar here.

你可以在這裡看到一輛有軌電車。

Toronto has streetcars.

多倫多有有軌電車

Toronto has buses that go above ground.

多倫多有地面公車。

And then you have the subway.