Name: 你一定也好奇過，F1 賽車手都是如何快速轉彎的？ (How F1 racers turn really fast)
Uploaded: 2024-09-29T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 6 min 29 s

there's one thing I couldn't help but notice.

they go all the way to the right of the track,

it's that the quickest path between two points is a straight line.

But what do you do when you can't take the straight line path?

但是，當你不能走直線道路時該怎麼辦呢？

For race car drivers, where they turn is one part of

a larger strategy based on physics, practice, and a lot of skill.

基於物理、實踐和大量技能的更大策略。

F1 racers drive laps through different circuits around the world at ridiculous speeds.

F1 賽車手以驚人的速度在世界各地的不同賽道上跑圈。

The highest speed they get up to is something like 215 miles per hour.

它們的最高時速大約為 215 英里。

I've been racing since I was 8 years old and

I've been teaching people how to drive on track for the last 15 years.

過去 15 年來，我一直在教人們如何在軌道上駕駛。

I think the one area a Formula One car is better than pretty much all other cars is cornering speed.

我認為一級方程式賽車比其他幾乎所有賽車都強的一個方面就是轉彎速度。

This is important because unlike other big motorsports like NASCAR,

這很重要，因為與 NASCAR 等其他大型賽車運動不同，

which require drivers to travel in mostly a symmetrical oval,

要求駕駛員在大致對稱的橢圓形道路上行駛，

F1 circuits contain every kind of corner you can think of,

F1賽道包含你能想到的所有彎道，

and racers want to get through those corners fast.

賽車手們都想快速通過這些彎道。

The racing line is purely and simply the fastest way through a corner, or a set of corners.

賽車線純粹是通過一個或一組彎道的最快方式。

If you had unlimited grip and the car wasn't just going to roll over,

如果抓地力夠大，汽車就不會翻車，

You would always go the shortest possible distance,

but the fact is that the more your steering wheel is turned,

但事實是，你的方向盤轉得越多，

you'd have to slow down pretty severely to avoid losing grip and slying out.

你必須大幅減速才能避免失去抓地力並滑出。

Hugging the outside edge might theoretically let you go faster,

從理論上來說，貼著外緣可以讓你跑得更快，

like massively further, depending on the width of the track.

就像大大進一步，取決於軌道的寬度。

And as you can see from these F1 simulator shots Brad showed me,

正如你從 Brad 給我看的這些 F1 模擬器照片中看到的，

you'd also have zero margin for error because

你也不會有任何容錯空間，因為

if you had a fraction of understeer or oversteer,

如果你有輕微的轉向不足或轉向過度，

you're immediately on the grass and in the barriers.

你立刻就到了草地上，並遇到了障礙物。

The ideal racing line for a turn like this is a combination of both approaches.

在這樣的彎道中，理想的賽車線路是兩種方法的結合。

The driver can hug the outside of the track on the way in,

駕駛者可以在駛入賽道時緊貼賽道外側，

then turn in to clip the apex, or the center of the inside track,

然後轉彎切入彎道頂點，或是內側跑道的中心，

and end up back on the outside edge without losing too much speed.

並最終回到外緣，且速度沒有損失太多。

By starting out as far wide as you possibly can

and then getting to the inside in that smooth flowing arc,

然後沿著流暢的弧線進入內部，

you're literally minimizing the angle that your car is having to take,

你實際上是在最小化你的車需要經過的角度，

這意味著你可以實現更快的速度。

So far we've been using this fake 90 degree turn example because it's simple to explain.

到目前為止，我們一直在使用這個假 90 度轉彎的例子，因為它簡單易懂。

But in real life, corners aren't that straightforward.

但在現實生活中，拐角並不那麼簡單。

The closest real world example is Stowe on Silverstone in the UK, but...

最接近真實世界的例子是英國銀石賽道上的斯托，但...

Stowe isn't really like that normal typical 90 degree corner.

斯托並不像一般典型的 90 度拐角。

You reach the apex of Stowe and you're there for a little while,

你到達斯託山頂後，會在那裡停留一小會兒，

at least a few tenths of a second if not a second or so.

如果不是一秒左右的話，至少也是幾十分之一秒。

So you still feel like you're kind of hugging the inside for a while,

所以你還是覺得自己像是在擁抱內心，

but you are definitely taking pretty much that typical line we spoke about.

但你肯定採取了我們談到的典型路線。

You can see that in this clip from the 2022 Grand Prix.

您可以從 2022 年大獎賽的這段視頻中看到這一點。

Carlos Sainz leads the pack and takes this nearly textbook ideal racing line.

Carlos Sainz 領先大部隊，走上了這條近乎教科書式的理想賽車路線。

But most corners are a little more complicated.

So the racing line you take for a particular corner is almost always a compromise.

是以，你在某個彎道所採取的賽車路線幾乎總是一種折衷方案。

Take this set of corners from that same Silverstone circuit.

就拿銀石賽道的這組彎道來說吧。

Brooklands is the super tight one and it goes straight into Luffield.

布魯克蘭茲（Brooklands）是超級狹窄的路段，它直通拉菲爾德（Luffield）。

You're at the end of a very long fast straight.

你在一條很長的快速直道的盡頭。

You then end up in a sweeping left-hander

and it's then followed by a really long right-hander.

So judging by what we've been discussing so far,

所以從我們目前討論的情況來看，

compromise your exit a little bit in the left-hander

在左撇子中稍微妥協一下你的出口

However, in this example, you do almost the counterintuitive thing

然而，在這個例子中，你做了幾乎違反直覺的事情

based on what we've already been learning.

Luffield, which is the second corner, the right-hander, is a very, very long right-hander.

路菲爾德是第二個彎道，右彎道，是一個很長很長的右彎道。

It nullifies most of the benefit you would get from going wide

它抵消了你從廣泛行動中獲得的大部分好處

It's not an apex that you kiss, like in our 90-degree right-hander example.

這不是一個讓你親吻的頂點，就像我們的 90 度右彎例子一樣。

You meet the inside and you have to stay there.

你遇到了裡面的人，就必須待在那裡。

By trying to compromise the initial left-hander,

And this is why this is such a complicated thing and it doesn't have an easy answer.

這就是為什麼事情如此複雜，沒有一個簡單的答案。

You can see all drivers having a slightly different approach to

this particular set of corners in this clip from the 2022 Grand Prix.

2022 年大獎賽的這段剪輯中的這組特殊彎道。

While the leading car tries to use the most ideal path,

當領先的車輛試圖採取最理想的路徑時，

hugging the curves, the following cars are more spread out.

緊貼彎道，後面的車輛更加分散。

These two cars almost collided, and to avoid it,

這兩輛車差點相撞，為了避免碰撞，

this driver went off the track, screwing up his racing line entirely.

這位車手偏離了賽道，徹底打亂了他的賽車路線。

Once you have to contend with other drivers, racing lines become a lot more complex.

一旦需要與其他車手競爭，賽車線路就會變得複雜得多。

What you have to do is compromise based on the track that's available to you.

你要做的就是根據現有的軌道做出妥協。

So you're still going to be going outside, inside,

outside as much as you can, but that will be on maybe half the track width.

盡可能地向外移動，但這可能只佔軌道寬度的一半。

If the weather is wet and rainy, that adds even more complexity.

如果天氣潮溼多雨，那就更復雜了。

even further in search of areas of the track that have more grip.

甚至進一步尋找具有更多抓地力的賽道區域。

making calculations to adapt to any condition and still maintain a good racing line.

進行計算以適應任何條件並保持良好的賽車路線。