Specifically, and by specifically I mean specifically, and by and by I mean and by,

我說的 "特別 "是指 "具體"，"具體 "是指 "和"、

Susie is a type of sea slug called a nudibranch.

蘇西是一種被稱為裸鰓的海蛞蝓。

There are around 3,000 freaky species of nudibranchs, but they come in two basic body plans.

裸鰓動物大約有 3000 種，但它們有兩種基本的身體形態。

One body plan can be seen in the earlid nudibranchs.

耳瓣裸鰓類有一種體型。

They can look a bit like claymation pubic hair, or like a porcupine rolled around in candy corn.

它們看起來有點像粘土動畫裡的陰毛，或者像卷在玉米糖裡的豪豬。

Their backs are covered with floppy, floppy, spiky things called serrata.

它們的背上長滿了軟軟的、軟軟的、尖尖的東西，叫做 serrata。

These serrata are extensions of their digestive system, because why not?

這些血清是它們消化系統的延伸，為什麼不呢？

But they also assist in breathing.

但它們也有助於呼吸。

The other body plan belongs to the dorid nudibranch.

另一種體型屬於裸鰓綱。

It is the more sluggy of the two.

它是這兩種藥中比較難吃的一種。

Dorid nudibranchs have a sturdy, fleshy, fleshy covering called a mantle.

裸鰓魚有一個堅固的肉質覆蓋物，叫做 "套"。

The mantle can sometimes look like a frilly skirt, or perhaps a fashionable poncho.

壁爐有時看起來像一條褶邊裙，或者是一件時髦的披風。

Some species, like the Spanish dancer nudibranch, can use this skirt to swim.

有些物種，如西班牙舞女裸鰓，可以利用這條裙子游泳。

Sort of.

算是吧。

Some other nudibranchs also try the swimmy-swimmy, but in most cases it looks a bit like a muppet simultaneously auditioning for the part of the F, U, and N in a Sesame Street production brought to you by the word fun.

其他一些裸鰓魚也嘗試著游來游去，但在大多數情況下，這看起來有點像一個布偶同時在為芝麻街裡的 F、U 和 N 角色試鏡，而這些角色都是由 "有趣 "這個詞帶來的。

It does actually look fun to swim like that, like sneezing in outer space.

事實上，這樣游泳確實很有趣，就像在外太空打噴嚏一樣。

Up front, nudibranchs have two rhinophores, which are kind of like nostrils that have been turned inside out.

裸鰓動物的前端有兩個鼻孔，有點像被翻轉過來的鼻孔。

Much like our noses can pick up the chemical signals of a fart wafting in the air, these rhinophores can pick up chemical signals in the water.

就像我們的鼻子能捕捉到空氣中飄散的屁的化學信號一樣，這些犀牛蟲也能捕捉到水中的化學信號。

This is important because their eyes totally suck.

這一點很重要，因為他們的眼睛太糟糕了。

They are very tiny and can only sense dark and light.

它們非常小，只能感知黑暗和光明。

Like a colorblind machinist in a Skittles factory, the nudibranch is unable to appreciate the beauty of its own decoration.

就像 Skittles 工廠裡的色盲機械師一樣，裸鰓魚無法欣賞自己的裝飾之美。

This one looks a bit like a landspeeder.

這個看起來有點像滑翔機。

Whoa!

哇哦

Except near the back where you would expect the peoples to sit.

除了靠近後排的地方，你會期望人們坐在那裡。

That is a plume of gills that encircle their anus.

那是環繞肛門的腮羽。

These gills are beautifully folded structures that maximize surface area to extract oxygen from the surrounding water.

這些鰓是美麗的褶皺結構，能最大限度地擴大表面積，從周圍的水中汲取氧氣。

These allow the dorid nudibranch to breathe right next to its anus.

這些裝置讓多利裸鰓動物可以在肛門附近呼吸。

Before you judge, however, to the nudibranch this body plan might feel like an upgrade.

不過，在你下結論之前，裸鰓動物可能會覺得這種身體結構是一種升級。

To understand this, let's look at some nudibranchs when they are babies.

要理解這一點，讓我們來看看一些裸鰓魚的幼體。

Little baby nudibranchs look a lot like snails.

小海蛞蝓看起來很像蝸牛。

They have a shell and some even form an operculum, a little trapdoor for their hidey hole.

它們有一個殼，有些甚至形成了一個厴，一個藏身的小活門。

A long time ago, the shelled ancestor of snails and slugs got into some freaky sh** called torsion.

很久以前，蝸牛和蛞蝓的有殼祖先陷入了一種叫做扭轉的怪圈。

Torsion is a twisted change in body plan.

扭轉是身體平面的扭曲變化。

To understand this, imagine if you laid down on your stomach and arched your back.

要理解這一點，想象一下，如果你平躺下來並弓起背部。

Then you grabbed your left foot with your right hand and your right foot with your left hand.

然後右手抓住左腳，左手抓住右腳。

Now imagine twisting really hard so that your butt faces upwards and is right over your face.

現在想象一下，用力扭動身體，讓屁股朝上，正對著你的臉。

This is the first yoga pose they teach you when you arrive in hell.

這是你到達地獄後，他們教你的第一個瑜伽姿勢。

Snails live out their lives cheerfully with this arrangement. Don't ask why.

在這樣的安排下，蝸牛歡快地度過了一生。別問為什麼。

Every time you ask why, evolution adds or removes a nipple from a cat. Look it up.

每當你問為什麼時，進化就會增加或減少一隻貓的乳頭。去查查吧

However, millions of years ago, after a night of eating jalapeno chili con carne, the ancestor of the nudibranch had enough of this head-up-your-butt.

然而，數百萬年前，在吃了一晚墨西哥辣椒肉醬之後，裸鰓動物的祖先受夠了這種抬頭挺胸的生活。

As it transitions to its juvenile state, the baby nudibranch loses its shell, untwists, and does its best to put all of its organs back in some semblance of order.

在過渡到幼年狀態時，裸鰓寶寶會脫掉外殼，鬆開纏繞的繩子，並盡力將所有器官恢復到某種有序的狀態。

That is to say that the nudibranch is a bit of an unsnailed snail.

也就是說，裸鰓蝸牛有點像沒有釘子的蝸牛。

And at least its mouth and nose have a bit of distance from its gill-ringed anus.

至少，它的嘴巴和鼻子與長著鰓環的肛門還有一段距離。

And yes, that one does look like a Pikachu that got busy with a Swiffer.

是的，那隻皮卡丘看起來就像一隻忙著用吸塵器的皮卡丘。

The nudibranch's mouthparts are under its front parts, right between a befingered mustachio of two feeding tentacles that can help it feel around for food.

裸鰓動物的口器位於其前部下方，就在兩根覓食觸鬚之間，這兩根觸鬚可以幫助它四處覓食。

They eat a variety of animals, many of which, like colonial tunicates, bryzoans, and hydroids, are animals that look like plants.

它們以各種動物為食，其中許多動物，如櫛水母、雙殼類和水螅，都是看起來像植物的動物。

Because the ocean is weird.

因為海洋很奇怪。

They are among the cutest carnivorous predators, and will even eat other slugs and nudibranchs.

它們是最可愛的肉食性捕食者，甚至會吃其他蛞蝓和裸鰓類動物。

This one's eating a slug called a sea hare, because apparently it looks like a rabbit.

這隻在吃一種叫海兔的蛞蝓，因為顯然它長得像兔子。

A rabbit who's squirt-farting purple ink because he's seriously f***ed.

一隻兔子噴出了紫色的墨水，因為它被嚴重****了。

If we speed it up, it looks like he's slurping a noodle.

如果我們加快速度，他看起來就像在啜麵條。

They eat with a beak and a radula, which is basically a tongue with teeth on it.

它們用喙和橈骨進食，橈骨基本上就是一條長著牙齒的舌頭。

Which is crazy.

這太瘋狂了。

Don't French kiss a nudibranch.

不要法式吻裸鰓藻。

You'll die.

你會死的

Here we see an anemone being hunted by a rainbow nudibranch, which does not look like a rainbow at all.

在這裡，我們看到一隻海葵正在被彩虹裸鰓追捕，而彩虹裸鰓看起來一點也不像彩虹。

More like a curtain that a cat got to.

更像是貓抓到的窗簾。

But it strikes with the vigor of a proctologist who lost a wedding ring.

但它的打擊力度就像失去結婚戒指的肛腸科醫生一樣。

That's like trying to tongue-sponge the crumbs out of the bottom of a can of Pringles.

這就好比用舌頭把薯片罐底的碎屑吐出來。

One group of nudibranchs in the genus Melibe has evolved a different feeding strategy.

Melibe 屬的一個裸鰓類群進化出了一種不同的進食策略。

It has traded in its tooth-tongue radula for a head in the shape of a Venus flytrap.

它把牙舌狀的橈骨換成了金星捕蠅草形狀的頭部。

It uses its head like a seafloor pooper-scooper.

它的頭部就像一個海底撈糞器。

Like if you used your hoodie to eat a shrimp taco.

就像你用連帽衫來吃蝦卷一樣。

A skeleton shrimp taco.

骷髏蝦卷

Lacking a shell, sea slugs, including nudibranchs and this spotted sea hare, which does not look like a rabbit, must get creative when it comes to defense from predation.

由於缺乏外殼，海蛞蝓（包括裸鰓蛞蝓和這隻長得不像兔子的斑點海兔）在抵禦捕食時必鬚髮揮創造力。

Some have evolved to be very good at camouflage.

有些進化得非常善於偽裝。

You see these cows? I tricked you.

看到這些牛了嗎？我騙了你

They're not cows, they're nudibranchs.

它們不是牛，是裸鰓魚。

You thought they were cows.

你以為它們是牛

You must feel like a real dum-dum man.

你一定覺得自己是個真正的笨蛋。

This one is perfectly camouflaged as an old man with his hands behind his back inspecting his garden.

這個人偽裝得很好，就像一個揹著手在花園裡巡視的老人。

Damn slugs eating my azaleas.

該死的蛞蝓在吃我的杜鵑花。

That's irony.

這就是諷刺。

You better stop or I will assault you.

你最好給我住手，否則我就揍你。

That's a dad joke.

這是個爸爸的笑話。

Some nudibranchs, like this ghost Melibe, have gotten so good at hiding they're transparent.

有些裸鰓動物，比如這隻鬼蛙，非常善於隱藏自己，它們的身體是透明的。

Mostly.

主要是

Fortunately, their less transparent insides resemble a bunch of floaty-floaty sea garbage.

幸運的是，它們不那麼透明的內部就像一堆漂浮的海洋垃圾。

Well played, Melibe.

打得好，梅利博。

Some of the animals that nudibranchs eat contain toxins.

裸鰓動物吃的一些動物含有毒素。

Some dorid nudibranchs incorporate these toxins into their body parts, so they don't taste good.

有些裸鰓類動物會把這些毒素融入自己的身體部位，所以它們的味道並不好。

The defense-after-you've-been-bitten approach is a little late in the process for me.

對我來說，"被咬後再防禦 "的方法有點晚了。

But it has been proposed that the bright coloring of some nudibranchs has evolved as a warning sign to potential predators.

但也有人提出，一些裸鰓動物的鮮豔顏色是為了警告潛在的捕食者而進化而來的。

Scary clown says run away.

可怕的小丑說快逃。

Some elid nudibranchs take this one step further.

有些裸鰓鰻則更進一步。

They eat animals that have specialized stinging cells called nematocysts.

它們吃的動物體內有專門的刺細胞，稱為線蟲囊。

Glaucus atlanticus, for example, will eat the blue-bottle man-of-war jellyfish.

例如，大西洋水母（Glaucus atlanticus）會吃藍瓶華夫水母。

The jellyfish, however, contains thousands of these nematocysts, coiled up and ready to fire when disturbed.

然而，水母體內有成千上萬個這樣的線蟲囊，它們盤繞在一起，一旦受到干擾就會發射。

Much like butt-smuggling hand grenades, elid nudibranchs ingest these cells and transport the immature, unexploded ones out to the tips of their serrata, where they can use them for their own stinging defense.

就像偷運手榴彈一樣，裸鰓鰻攝取這些細胞，並將未成熟的、未爆炸的細胞運到鋸齒狀突起的頂端，在那裡它們可以利用這些細胞進行刺痛防禦。

It's pretty cool.

這很酷。

Look at this one.

看看這個。

They're using like a little laser.

他們用的就像一個小激光器。

It's like if when you ate pop rocks, you could transport them to the tip of your...

這就好比當你吃爆米花的時候，你可以把它們運到你的...

fingers, you perv.

手指，你個變態。

For a tingly handshake.

握手的感覺

The blue-dragon nudibranch also steals cells.

藍龍裸鰓也會偷竊細胞。

Instead of stingers, it steals zooxanthellae, microscopic plants, incorporating them into its body and using them to produce food from sunlight.

它不使用毒刺，而是竊取微小的植物貝殼，將其納入體內，利用陽光生產食物。

You know who else does this?

你知道還有誰會這麼做嗎？

This little guy.

這個小傢伙

It's a saclogosan sea slug, not a nudibranch, but who cares?

這是一種囊蛞蝓，不是裸鰓綱動物，但誰在乎呢？

I love it. It's cuter than puppies.

我喜歡比小狗還可愛

It is mating season, and first the nudibranchs have to find each other.

現在是交配季節，首先裸鰓魚必須找到對方。

They are often solitary and spread out.

它們通常是獨居和分散的。

Finding the slime trail of another nudibranch is worth following up on.

發現另一個裸鰓動物的粘液痕跡值得跟進。

Many nudibranchs do this trailing behavior, following another's slime trail until they're right up in it.

許多裸鰓魚都有這種尾隨行為，它們會尾隨另一個裸鰓魚的粘液痕跡，直到完全進入其中。

And I mean right up in it.

我是說就在裡面。

But not really right up in it.

但並不是真的就在裡面。

The nudibranch's genitals are located up near its head on the right side of its body, because of course they are.

裸鰓動物的生殖器位於身體右側靠近頭部的位置，這也是理所當然的。

This means that they have to position themselves so their right sides line up.

這意味著，他們必須擺好位置，讓自己的右側對齊。

Think of it like a high five, but with no hands, and four genitals.

把它想象成擊掌，但沒有手，只有四個生殖器。

That's right, four.

沒錯，四個。

Nudibranchs are hermaphrodites, meaning that each is equipped with both a penis and a vagina.

裸鰓魚是雌雄同體的，也就是說，每隻裸鰓魚都有陰莖和陰道。

I know what you're thinking.

我知道你在想什麼。

If I had that kind of luggage, I'd pack it myself.

如果我有那樣的行李，我會自己打包。

Sure, once in a while a researcher will find a nudibranch's penis inside of its own vagina.

當然，偶爾也會有研究人員在裸鰓動物的陰道里發現它的陰莖。

Don't judge, it's a lot to keep track of.

不要妄加評論，要記錄的東西太多了。

And quite frankly, if it's in the way flopping around out there, it's the obvious place to put it.

坦率地說，如果它礙手礙腳地在外面晃悠，顯然應該把它放在這裡。

I mean, why aren't our pants pockets shaped like gloves? There's mysteries in this world.

我是說，為什麼我們的褲兜不是手套形狀的？這個世界充滿了神祕

Doesn't mean you're trying to self-fertilize, just some healthy curiosity.

這並不意味著你想自我受精，只是一些健康的好奇心。

While mating, both nudibranchs put their penises inside the other's vagina, and both are fertilized in the process.

交配時，兩隻裸鰓魚都會把陰莖插入對方的陰道，在這個過程中，雙方都會受精。

Now, I'm not sure if you can see it, but if you squint, you might notice that the nudibranch penis has a bit of a barbed hook sort of shape.

現在，我不確定你是否能看到，但如果你眯起眼睛，你可能會注意到，裸鰓的陰莖有點像帶倒刺的鉤子。

That can make uncoupling a bit of a bitch.

這可能會讓脫鉤變得有點麻煩。

So much so that the chromodorus reticulata just lets it break off and grow back again.

以至於網紋繡線菊只能任其斷裂，然後重新生長。

It's one way to do it.

這是一種方法。

After mating, it is time for the nudibranch to deposit its fertilized eggs.

交配後，就到了裸鰓魚產下受精卵的時候了。

It does so in a series of beautiful strings and rosettes, adorning the shapes of the ocean floor.

它以一系列美麗的繩索和花環裝飾著海底的形狀。

Thousands of little eggs that will become thousands of little babies.

成千上萬的小蛋將變成成千上萬的小寶寶。

And the circle of life continues.

生命的輪迴仍在繼續。

Listen, sometimes feeling safe in a shell isn't worth having your insides all twisted up.

聽著，有時在殼裡感到安全並不值得你內心扭曲。

Or having an ass on your head.

或者腦袋上有個屁股。

That might be too on the nose.

這可能太直白了。

I didn't mean like an ass on your nose, that's, I mean, too literal.

我不是說你鼻子上有個屁股，我是說太直白了。

The point is, sometimes you have to take a risk.

關鍵是，有時你必須冒險。

Get out of that shell and untwist.

走出軀殼，解開束縛。

Who knows what kind of crazy, beautiful thing you might become.

誰知道你會成為怎樣瘋狂而美麗的人呢？

Ist. Sorry, it felt like it should rhyme.

Ist.對不起，感覺應該押韻。

And that is how the nudibranch do.

裸鰓魚就是這樣做的。