Name: 幸福的藝術與科學 | 阿瑟-布魯克斯 | TEDxKC (The art and science of happiness | Arthur Brooks | TEDxKC)
Uploaded: 2024-09-10T04:10:26.000Z
Duration: 15 min 28 s

反身代名詞

You might ask yourself, how can somebody be a professor of a feeling?

你可能會問自己，怎麼會有人成為情感教授呢？

The truth is that it's so much more than that, and yet most people don't know that.

事實上，它遠不止這些，但大多數人並不知道這一點。

Everybody wants to be happier, I mean, not everybody acts like they do, but everybody wants to be happier, deep in their souls, I do believe, but most people don't know how to define it.

每個人都希望自己更快樂，我是說，不是每個人都表現得很快樂，但每個人的靈魂深處都希望自己更快樂，我相信這一點，但大多數人不知道如何定義快樂。

I ask my students at the university, what is happiness?

我在大學裡問我的學生，什麼是幸福？

And many of them will say, well, it's the feeling that you get when dot, dot, dot.

很多人會說，這就是點、點、點時的感覺。

As a matter of fact, they all talk about feelings at the very beginning, and I say no, no, no.

事實上，他們一開始都談到了感情，我說不，不，不。

That's not the true definition of happiness.

If I asked you, what's the definition of the Thanksgiving dinner?

如果我問你，感恩節大餐的定義是什麼？

You wouldn't say, it's the smell of the turkey.

No, that's an indication that there's something special going on in the kitchen.

不，這說明廚房裡發生了一些特別的事情。

It's an indication that dinner's coming, and the happiness feeling that you get is an indication of a much deeper psychological and even neuroscientific phenomenon.

這表明晚餐就要來了，而你的幸福感則表明了一種更深層次的心理甚至神經科學現象。

Happiness is a combination of three big things.

They're kind of like the macronutrients in food, you might say.

可以說，它們有點像食物中的宏量營養素。

If I ask you to define the Thanksgiving dinner, you might say it's proteins, carbohydrates, and fat, and you would be right.

如果我讓你給感恩節大餐下個定義，你可能會說它是蛋白質、碳水化合物和脂肪，你說得沒錯。

And similarly, if I ask you the definition of happiness and you're getting it correctly, you would say it's a combination of three things, enjoyment, purpose, and satisfaction.

同樣，如果我問你 "幸福 "的定義，而你又能正確理解的話，你會說它是三件事的結合：享受、目的和滿足。

Now, each one of these things has a big literature unto itself.

現在，這些事情本身都有很大的文學價值。

There are people studying each one of these things.

Enjoyment, for example, is not the same thing as pleasure.

例如，"享受 "與 "快樂 "並不相同。

Maybe you'll see that in the dictionary, but it's not true.

也許你會在字典裡看到這句話，但事實並非如此。

Pleasure is something that happens to you.

It runs through a very ancient part of your brain called the limbic system.

它流經大腦中一個非常古老的部分，叫做邊緣系統。

It's a reward for something that happens automatically so that you'll do something again and again.

這是對自動發生的事情的獎勵，這樣你就會一而再、再而三地做某件事情。

Enjoyment is an elevation of that, where you take pleasure, but you add your true humanity to it.

享受是一種昇華，你在享受快樂的同時，也將真正的人性融入其中。

You move it literally to a different part of your brain called the prefrontal cortex, and there you can remember it, and it becomes a part of your happiness.

你會把它轉移到大腦的另一個部分，即前額葉皮層，在那裡你可以記住它，它也會成為你快樂的一部分。

If your Thanksgiving dinner gives you pleasure by filling your belly, the enjoyment comes from consuming that delicious dinner with your family members and the people that you love, thus becoming enjoyment and thus becoming part of your happiness.

如果說感恩節晚餐讓你填飽了肚子而感到愉悅，那麼這種愉悅則來自於與家人和你所愛的人一起享用這頓美味的晚餐，從而成為一種享受，進而成為你幸福的一部分。

Similarly, purpose and meaning are not quite so straightforward either.

同樣，目的和意義也不是那麼簡單。

Everybody knows that they want meaning in life, but they can't quite define it, and it's hard to find sometimes, isn't it?

每個人都知道自己想要人生的意義，但卻無法準確定義，有時很難找到，不是嗎？

But even beyond that, the great paradox of meaning is that as part of happiness, it requires suffering.

但除此之外，意義的最大悖論在於，作為幸福的一部分，它需要痛苦。

I ask people, when did you find your resiliency, who you were, the purpose in your life, and inevitably people talk to me about suffering, about challenges, about loss, about grief even.

我問人們，你是什麼時候找到自己的韌性的，你是誰，你生活的目的是什麼，人們不可避免地會跟我談論痛苦、挑戰、損失，甚至悲傷。

When their heart was broken, when somebody died that they loved and they survived, that's when they find their true meaning in life.

當他們的心碎了，當他們所愛的人死了，而他們卻活了下來，這時他們才找到了人生的真諦。

The irony of that is that happiness requires unhappiness to get meaning.

具有諷刺意味的是，幸福需要不幸福才能獲得意義。

Just like those first two, satisfaction is a bit of a paradox.

與前兩者一樣，"滿意 "也是一個悖論。

As a matter of fact, it's the most difficult of the elements of happiness for us to master.

事實上，這是我們最難掌握的幸福要素。

Satisfaction is the great question of life.

Satisfaction is the joy at a job well done.

If you want to be satisfied, you'll be satisfied when you graduate from your university, when you marry the person that you love, when you get the house you've always dreamed about, when you retire after a long career, and then you'll finally be satisfied.

如果你想得到滿足，那麼當你大學畢業時，當你與心愛的人結婚時，當你得到夢寐以求的房子時，當你在漫長的職業生涯後退休時，你就會得到滿足。

You'll be joyful at the goal that you actually met, and furthermore, you'll be satisfied forever, right?

你會為自己真正達到的目標而喜悅，而且，你會永遠滿足，對嗎？

That's what the marketing around you in the world tells you.

這就是你周圍世界的營銷告訴你的。

You know perfectly when you think about it a little bit that you hit your goals and they give you a whole bunch of joy, that's satisfaction, and then it wears off.

你要知道，當你稍微思考一下，你的目標實現了，它們會給你帶來一大堆快樂，這就是滿足感，然後它就會消失。

You get that car and that new car smell reminds you how wonderful it is, and a couple weeks later it's just a car.

你買了車，新車的味道會提醒你它有多好，但幾周後，它就只是一輛車了。

You move to California because you want the sunshine, you want the beautiful weather, and six months later you're driving around just cursing the traffic.

你搬到加州是因為你想要陽光，你想要美麗的天氣，但六個月後，你開車到處都在咒罵交通堵塞。

That seems like one of the cruelest fates in life, almost as if it were a hoax from Mother Nature, but it's not.

這似乎是人生中最殘酷的命運之一，幾乎就像是大自然母親的惡作劇，但事實並非如此。

It's actually part of Mother Nature's plan.

這其實是大自然母親計劃的一部分。

See, you can't keep satisfaction because you'd die if you stayed satisfied with those worldly things.

看，你不能一直滿足，因為如果你一直滿足於那些世俗的東西，你就會死。

Let me explain a major and important concept in the world of neuroscience.

讓我來解釋一下神經科學領域的一個重要概念。

Homeostasis is the tendency to go back to a baseline, either physiologically or psychologically.

平衡是指生理或心理上回到基線的趨勢。

It's the equilibrium that we always go back to, that we need to go back to, so we'll be ready for the next set of circumstances in our life.

這是一種平衡，我們總是要回到這種平衡，我們需要回到這種平衡，這樣我們才能為生活中的下一個環境做好準備。

For example, perhaps you went to the gym today, you got on the treadmill and your objective was to raise your pulse rate for cardiovascular health, and you raised your pulse rate to 140 beats per minute, and after half an hour you got off and within 15 minutes your pulse was back down to 60 or 70 or wherever it's supposed to be.

例如，也許你今天去了健身房，坐上了跑步機，你的目標是提高脈搏率以促進心血管健康，你把脈搏率提高到了每分鐘 140 次，半小時後你下了跑步機，不到 15 分鐘，你的脈搏又降到了 60 或 70 次，或者是它應該達到的水準。

If you didn't have homeostasis, within a week and your pulse remained elevated, you'd be dead.

如果你沒有穩態，一週內脈搏持續升高，你就會死掉。

Now, similarly with your emotions, you need to go back to your baseline.

現在，與你的情緒類似，你需要回到你的基線。

For example, you feel fear as something that happens, but the fear doesn't last.

例如，你覺得恐懼是會發生的事情，但恐懼不會持續。

Because you need to be ready for the next thing that might make you afraid.

因為你需要為下一件可能讓你害怕的事情做好準備。

You can't be distracted with the last thing or you wouldn't survive.

你不能為最後一件事分心，否則你將無法生存。

Your ancestors wouldn't have passed on their genes.

你的祖先就不會把他們的基因遺傳給你。

You can't say happy with something that's happening right now, because you need to be ready for new happiness or new unhappiness, as a matter of fact.

你不能對現在發生的事情說高興，因為事實上，你需要為新的快樂或新的不快樂做好準備。

But she also has a slightly nefarious purpose for you, which is to make you think you're going to keep your satisfaction, even though she won't let you keep your satisfaction.

但她對你還有一個略帶邪惡的目的，那就是讓你覺得你會保持滿足感，儘管她不會讓你保持滿足感。

So you keep running and making progress and trying harder.

於是，你不斷奔跑，不斷進步，不斷努力。

See, if you knew it wasn't going to last, you might just stop and sit down.

你看，如果你知道這不會長久，你可能就會停下來坐下。

So you run and you run, and you think you'll always get to keep it.

所以你跑啊跑，你以為你總能保住它。

The Rolling Stones sing, I can't get no satisfaction, and the song says, I try and I try and I try and I can't get no satisfaction.

滾石樂隊唱道："我無法獲得滿足感，歌中唱道：我努力，我努力，我努力，我無法獲得滿足感。

The real point of that song is not that Mick Jagger can't get no satisfaction.

這首歌的真正意義並不在於米克-賈格爾得不到滿足。

Running almost as if it were on a treadmill trying to get it.

它幾乎是在跑步機上奔跑，試圖得到它。

We have a concept in my social science field called the hedonic treadmill.

在我的社會科學領域有一個概念，叫做 "享樂主義跑步機"。

顯然，"跑步機 "只是一個比喻。

So you run and you run, or as Jagger says, you try and you try and you try, but you stay more or less in the same place.

所以，你跑啊跑，或者像賈格爾說的那樣，你試啊試，試啊試，但你或多或少還是停留在原地。

Furthermore, as you get more and more addicted to the worldly things, to the material possessions, to the money, the power, the pleasure, the fame, the treadmill starts to turn up in speed.

此外，當你越來越沉迷於世俗的東西，沉迷於物質財富，沉迷於金錢、權力、享樂、名利時，跑步機的速度也開始加快。

Pretty soon you're running at blinding speed.

很快，你就以驚人的速度奔跑起來。

And you're not just running out of ambition.

If you're a success addict, maybe a little bit of a workaholic, you know how this fear feels.

如果你是一個成功上癮者，也許還有點工作狂，你就會知道這種恐懼的感覺。

You're running for more and more satisfaction that comes from the object of your work, from the returns that you get, from the congratulations, from the raises, the promotions, the deals done.

你在奔向越來越多的滿足感，這種滿足感來自於你的工作對象，來自於你得到的回報，來自於祝賀、加薪、晉升和完成的交易。

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幸福的藝術與科學 | 阿瑟-布魯克斯 | TEDxKC (The art and science of happiness | Arthur Brooks | TEDxKC)

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