The scheme, known as the Cancer Vaccine Launchpad, will match NHS patients with suitable studies across the country.

這項名為 "癌症疫苗發射臺"（Cancer Vaccine Launchpad）的計劃將在全國範圍內為國家醫療服務系統（NHS）的患者和合適的研究項目牽線搭橋。

Our medical editor Fergus Walsh explains more.

我們的醫學編輯弗格斯-沃爾什（Fergus Walsh）為您詳細介紹。

Elliot was diagnosed with bowel cancer last year and has already had surgery and chemotherapy.

艾略特去年被診斷出患有腸癌，目前已經接受了手術和化療。

But tests show he still has fragments of cancerous DNA in his blood, putting him at increased risk of his cancer coming back.

但化驗結果顯示，他的血液中仍有癌症 DNA 片段，這增加了他癌症復發的風險。

So he's signed up to a trial at Birmingham's Queen Elizabeth Hospital of a new type of treatment, a cancer vaccine.

是以，他報名參加了伯明翰伊麗莎白女王醫院的一項新型療法--癌症疫苗試驗。

I feel excited, you know.

我感到很興奮，你知道的。

I did a bit of research about the treatment trial itself and if it's successful then it's a medical breakthrough, a time of reckoning.

我做了一些關於治療試驗本身的研究，如果試驗成功，那將是醫學上的一個突破，一個清算的時刻。

And this is the key moment when Elliot receives his vaccine, tailor made in Germany by pharma company BioNTech, to fight his cancer.

這就是艾略特接種疫苗的關鍵時刻，疫苗是由製藥公司 BioNTech 在德國為他量身定製的抗癌疫苗。

He'll get up to 15 doses during the trial.

在審判期間，他最多可以服用 15 次。

So how does it work?

那麼，它是如何工作的呢？

Elliot's personalised vaccine uses the same mRNA technology as found in current Covid jabs.

埃利奧特的個性化疫苗採用了與當前 Covid 疫苗相同的 mRNA 技術。

A sample of Elliot's tumour was analysed and proteins unique to his cancer were identified.

對艾略特的腫瘤樣本進行了分析，並確定了他的癌症所特有的蛋白質。

The mRNA vaccine instructs his cells to produce these rogue proteins.

mRNA 疫苗會訓示他的細胞產生這些 "不聽話 "的蛋白質。

The hope is this will stimulate Elliot's immune system to recognise and kill any remaining traces of cancer.

希望這能刺激艾略特的免疫系統識別並殺死任何殘留的癌症痕跡。

Elliot is the first patient in the UK to get the bowel cancer vaccine.

埃利奧特是英國第一位接種腸癌疫苗的患者。

He's had only mild side effects but will be carefully monitored like more than 200 other participants in the international trial.

他只有輕微的副作用，但會像其他 200 多名參加國際試驗的人員一樣，接受仔細的監測。

I think it's really exciting.

我覺得這真的很令人興奮。

I think this is sort of a new era.

我認為這是一個新時代。

The science behind this and my hope is that this will become standard of care.

這背後的科學依據和我的希望是，這將成為護理的標準。

It just makes sense that we can have something that can actually help in addition to help patients reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.

除了幫助患者降低癌症復發的風險外，我們還能獲得一些實際幫助，這是很有意義的。

There is huge anticipation about the potential of personalised vaccines to treat cancer.

人們對個性化疫苗治療癌症的潛力充滿期待。

But it all depends on the outcome of trials like Elliot's with thousands more NHS patients across England expected to be recruited to similar studies targeting lung, breast and other tumour types.

但這一切都取決於像埃利奧特這樣的試驗結果，預計全英格蘭還有數千名國家醫療服務系統（NHS）患者將被招募參加針對肺癌、乳腺癌和其他類型腫瘤的類似研究。

Fergus Walsh, BBC News.

Fergus Walsh，BBC 新聞。

And let's speak now to Peter Johnson who is the National Cancer Lead for NHS England.

現在請英國國家醫療服務體系（NHS）全國癌症負責人彼得-約翰遜（Peter Johnson）發言。

Peter, thank you very much for joining us to talk about this development.

彼得，非常感謝你和我們一起討論這一進展。

It sounds incredibly exciting.

這聽起來令人無比興奮。

Thanks, Nadia.

謝謝你，納迪婭。

Yes, these vaccines look very promising as a way of stopping people's cancer coming back after they've had an operation.

是的，這些疫苗看起來很有希望阻止人們在手術後癌症復發。

We know that one of the big worries with cancer is that even though we're catching it at an early stage in more and more people, nonetheless there are sometimes some cells left behind.

我們知道，癌症最令人擔憂的問題之一是，儘管我們在越來越多的人身上發現了早期癌症，但有時還是會有一些細胞遺留下來。

And what this technology does is it looks at the molecular changes, the mutations that are particular to everybody's cancer cell, analyses those and then makes a vaccine.

這項技術所做的就是研究每個癌細胞特有的分子變化和突變，對其進行分析，然後製成疫苗。

We make a vaccine that specifically targets the immune system onto that.

我們製造一種疫苗，專門針對免疫系統。

Now, the complicated bit about that, of course, is that we need to make sure that we get somebody's bit of cancer that they're having removed in the operating theatre, get out the DNA so that we can analyse the mutations in all the genes in the cells and turn that into a vaccine.

當然，這其中最複雜的一點是，我們需要確保在手術室裡切除某個人的癌細胞，取出 DNA，這樣我們才能分析細胞中所有基因的突變，並將其轉化為疫苗。

And that's something that needs to be done quite quickly, obviously, because you need to be able to give people the vaccine before the cancer cells grow back again.

這顯然需要儘快完成，因為你需要在癌細胞再次生長之前給人們注射疫苗。

And therefore, we've been setting up this system in the NHS to try and streamline that as much as possible.

是以，我們在國家醫療服務系統中建立了這一系統，以儘可能地簡化這一過程。

And in particular, to make sure that the processing of people's cancer samples in all the different hospitals where they might be having these operations is done as efficiently as possible, even before they get to the stage of potentially taking part in the trial.

特別是，要確保在可能進行這些手術的所有不同醫院中，儘可能高效地處理人們的癌症樣本，甚至在他們進入可能參加試驗的階段之前。

And that's what our cancer vaccine launchpad is aimed at doing.

而這正是我們的癌症疫苗發射臺的目標。

And presumably, if someone is going through treatment for cancer or has been going through treatment for cancer, their immune system is perhaps not working as fully, as ably as it would in someone who is completely healthy.

據推測，如果一個人正在接受癌症治療或已經接受了癌症治療，那麼他的免疫系統可能就不會像完全健康的人那樣充分、有效地工作。

So this treatment, therefore, I presume, is designed to really boost their immune system, send it into a bit of overdrive, if you like, to really fight off any traces of the cancer.

是以，我推測這種治療方法是為了真正增強他們的免疫系統，使其進入超負荷運轉狀態，以真正擊退任何癌症痕跡。

Yes, cancers are very good at getting under the radar of the immune system, and that's how they grow in the first place.

是的，癌症非常善於躲避免疫系統的監視，這也是它們最初生長的方式。

But what we've started to see from the early results of these trials is that it is possible to lock the immune system back onto these molecular abnormalities in the cancer cells.

但我們從這些試驗的早期結果中開始看到，有可能將免疫系統重新鎖定在癌細胞的這些分子異常上。

And what we're obviously doing now is trying to make sure that we can do these trials as quickly as possible, make sure that we've got the systems in place to allow as many people as possible to take part in the trials as they start to come through, and really importantly, make sure that if the results are good and we do want to turn this into a treatment that we use regularly, that the NHS is in the best possible position to make that a reality.

很顯然，我們現在要做的就是努力確保我們能儘快完成這些試驗，確保我們已經建立了相應的系統，讓儘可能多的人在試驗開始時就能參與其中，而真正重要的是，要確保如果試驗結果良好，而且我們確實希望將其轉化為一種我們經常使用的治療方法，那麼國家醫療服務系統（NHS）就能以最佳的狀態將其變為現實。

And Peter, at the end of Fergus's report, he was talking about the possibility of this treatment being used to tackle other forms of cancer.

彼得在弗格斯報告的最後談到，這種治療方法有可能被用於治療其他形式的癌症。

How far advanced is the process or the process of looking at that, I guess, is what I'm trying to figure out?

我想，我想弄明白的是，這個過程或研究過程有多先進？

Yes, this current trial is for people with bowel cancer, having operations for that.

是的，目前的這項試驗是針對腸癌患者的，他們正在為此進行手術。

There's a lot of other cancer types where we think it might be effective, those types of cancer where we've been using other sorts of immune treatment in the last few years, such as bladder cancer, lung cancer, some types of breast cancer.

我們認為它可能對許多其他癌症類型有效，這些癌症類型在過去幾年中我們一直在使用其他類型的免疫療法，如膀胱癌、肺癌和某些類型的乳腺癌。

And what we're doing at the moment is trying to make sure that in the healthcare system in the UK, we can make it as possible to do these trials as quickly as possible for whichever companies are wanting to do them.

而我們目前正在做的，就是努力確保在英國的醫療系統中，無論哪家公司想做試驗，我們都能儘可能快地完成這些試驗。

OK, Peter Johnson, NHS England's National Cancer Lead.

好的，彼得-約翰遜，英格蘭國家醫療服務體系全國癌症負責人。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。