The Pareto Principle basically says that to achieve 80% of the results, it takes 20% of the effort.

帕累託原則的基本原理是，要取得 80% 的成果，需要付出 20% 的努力。

Today, I'm going to teach you 80% of photography in 10 minutes.

今天，我將在 10 分鐘內教會你 80% 的攝影技巧。

Now remember, 20% of the effort is going to get you 80% of the way there, but it takes a lot more to really become a great photographer.

請記住，20% 的努力能讓你達到 80% 的目標，但要真正成為一名出色的攝影師，還需要付出更多的努力。

When I learn something new, I like to look at it in its simplest form.

當我學習新知識時，我喜歡用最簡單的方式來理解它。

I tell people, talk to me like I'm a five year old.

我跟別人說，跟我說話就像跟五歲小孩說話一樣。

Once I have that basic understanding, that core knowledge, that like solid foundation of what this thing is, then I can build on top of it and really dig into the complexities of it.

一旦我有了基本的理解、核心的知識，有了這個東西是什麼的堅實基礎，我就可以在此基礎上繼續深入研究它的複雜性。

That's what we're going to do with photography.

這就是我們要做的攝影。

Today, I'm going to get you 80% of the way there so that you're creating awesome images and when you're not creating awesome images, you'll be able to troubleshoot and figure out why.

今天，我將幫你完成 80% 的工作，這樣你就能創作出出色的影像，而當你創作不出出色的影像時，你也能排除故障並找出原因。

Here we go. 10 minutes.

開始吧10分鐘

First up is ISO and it's the first thing that I'm going to set in any given scenario.

首先是 ISO，這是我在任何情況下都要設置的第一個參數。

The basic gist here is that ISO is the sensitivity of your camera's sensor.

基本要點是 ISO 是相機傳感器的感光度。

The higher the number, the more sensitive to light your camera's sensor is going to be.

數字越大，相機傳感器對光線越敏感。

The lower the number, the less sensitive.

數字越小，敏感度越低。

So you might be thinking, crank that ISO up, I want lots of light, I want to be able to pull all the light.

所以你可能會想，把 ISO 調高，我想要大量的光，我想要能拍到所有的光。

It's kind of the opposite actually.

其實正好相反。

You want to keep your ISO as low as possible because the higher the ISO, the more grain, the more noise, the more artifacts and weird funky things are in your image.

你希望 ISO 越低越好，因為 ISO 越高，顆粒越多，噪點越多，影像中的偽影和奇怪的東西就越多。

To show how ISO works, I did a little test shoot of one of my favorite lenses.

為了展示 ISO 的工作原理，我對我最喜歡的鏡頭之一進行了一次小小的試拍。

Here is ISO 100, here's 200, here's 400, 800, 1600, 3200, and 6400.

這裡是 ISO 100，這裡是 200，這裡是 400、800、1600、3200 和 6400。

This is a Sony A7R II, so just for fun.

這是索尼 A7R II，只是為了好玩。

Here is 12,800 and 25,600.

這裡是 12 800 和 25 600。

This is a little fun.

這有點意思。

ISO is a big reason that camera body prices fluctuate so much.

ISO 是機身價格波動如此之大的一個重要原因。

A cheaper camera might be able to go to 800 or 1600 ISO before getting really grainy and noisy, while a more expensive camera can go up to 3200, 6400, 10,000, and beyond and still be pretty usable.

較便宜的相機可能只能達到 800 或 1600 的 ISO，然後就會出現嚴重的顆粒感和噪點，而較昂貴的相機可以達到 3200、6400、10000 甚至更高的 ISO，而且仍然非常可用。

In general with photography, you pay more to get more light.

一般來說，攝影要想獲得更多光線，就要付出更多。

So outside where there's plenty of light, I'm going to have my ISO at 100.

是以，在室外光線充足的地方，我會將 ISO 設置為 100。

In the shade, 200.

在樹蔭下，200

Now, when I come indoors, I'm going to bump my ISO to 400 or maybe 800, 1600 even.

現在，當我在室內拍攝時，我會將 ISO 提高到 400 或 800，甚至 1600。

On this camera, I think 3200 ISO looks awesome and I'm at 3200 ISO on this camera a lot.

在這臺相機上，我認為 3200 ISO 看起來非常棒，而且我經常使用 3200 ISO。

So remember, ISO is your camera sensor's sensitivity.

請記住，ISO 是相機傳感器的感光度。

The higher the number, the more light, but the more noise.

數字越大，光線越強，但噪音也越大。

So keep your ISO low.

是以，要保持較低的 ISO 值。

Next up is aperture.

接下來是光圈。

Aperture is the size of the opening in your lens.

光圈是指鏡頭開口的大小。

This one is simple and you can actually see it happening.

這個方法很簡單，而且你可以親眼看到它發生。

Your lens has blades inside that actually open and close to create a smaller or larger hole.

鏡片內部的葉片實際上可以開合，從而形成一個較小或較大的孔。

That hole size is your aperture.

這個孔的大小就是你的孔徑。

Now this one's a little confusing because the smaller the number, the bigger the hole and the more light comes in.

現在這個問題有點令人困惑，因為數字越小，孔就越大，光線就越多。

The higher the number, the smaller the hole and the less light comes in.

數字越大，孔越小，射入的光線越少。

And you'll see this number written in f-stops.

你會看到這個數字用光圈來表示。

Don't worry why it's written like that, it's a math thing.

不用擔心為什麼這樣寫，這是數學問題。

I'll probably get into it in another video.

我可能會在另一個視頻中詳細介紹。

Cheaper lenses that might have come with your camera, like the Canon 18-55 kit lens that comes with a lot of Canon cameras, it goes from f3.5 to f38.

您的相機可能自帶更便宜的鏡頭，比如很多佳能相機自帶的佳能 18-55 套裝鏡頭，它的光圈從 3.5 到 38。

And Sony's kit lens I think is f3.5 to f36, which means at f36 it's a tiny little hole and at f3.5 it's bigger and it's going to let more light in.

而索尼的配套鏡頭我認為是 f3.5 到 f36，這意味著在 f36 時是一個很小的小孔，而在 f3.5 時則更大，能讓更多光線進入。

So the higher the number, less light, lower the number, more light.

是以，數字越大，光線越弱，數字越小，光線越強。

Then you move to lenses in like the $1500 to $2500 range, like this guy.

然後，你就可以轉而使用 1500 美元到 2500 美元之間的鏡頭，比如這個人。

This is Sony's 85mm f1.4, which means it can open up huge and let in a ton of light.

這是索尼的 85mm f1.4，這意味著它可以開得很大，光線也很充足。

So with aperture, the lower the number, the more light there is.

是以，光圈越小，光線越強。

The higher the number, the less light there is.

數字越大，光線越弱。

But, aperture mainly controls depth of field, so I kind of want you to forget that first part about aperture.

但是，光圈主要控制景深，所以我想讓你忘掉前面關於光圈的部分。

Understand that that's how it works, but this is how we use it.

這就是它的工作原理，但我們是這樣使用它的。

Depth of field is super simple.

景深超級簡單。

It's basically how much is in focus in front of and behind the actual spot that you focused on.

基本上就是你對焦的實際位置前後的對焦程度。

And here's where it gets simple.

這裡就變得簡單了。

The lower the f-stop number, the smaller the depth of field.

光圈越小，景深越小。

The higher the f-stop number, the more depth of field.

光圈值越大，景深越深。

So here's that shot on my lens again.

這就是我鏡頭下的照片。

This time on a ruler, so you can see the depth of field.

這次是在尺子上，這樣你就能看到景深了。

The first shot is at f1.4.

第一張照片的光圈為 f1.4。

The second shot, f2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, and f16.

第二張照片，f2、f2.8、f4、f5.6、f8、f11 和 f16。

You can see how as the aperture number went up, the depth of field did as well.

您可以看到隨著光圈值的增大，景深也隨之增大。

In any given scene, the first thing I'm going to do is set my ISO based on the actual scene.

在任何特定場景中，我要做的第一件事就是根據實際場景設置 ISO。

The second thing I'm going to do is set my aperture based on my subject.

我要做的第二件事是根據拍攝對象設置光圈。

If I'm shooting one person for a portrait, I'm going to go really low with that depth of field.

如果我拍攝的是一個人的肖像，我會把景深調得很低。

I might shoot at f2 or f2.5, but if I'm shooting a group of people, I'm going to crank my aperture up a little bit, maybe somewhere in like the f3.5 to f4 range, because I need more depth of field to make sure that everyone that's in that line is in focus.

我可能會用 f2 或 f2.5 的光圈拍攝，但如果我拍攝的是一群人，我就會把光圈調大一點，可能在 f3.5 到 f4 的範圍內，因為我需要更大的景深，以確保隊伍中的每個人都能對焦。

Then if I'm shooting a landscape where I want the tree in front of me and the mountain in the distance all in focus, I'm going to go up to f16, maybe f22, something where everything is going to be in focus and there'll be nothing blurry.

如果我拍攝的是風景畫，我希望前面的樹和遠處的山都對焦，我就會把焦距調到 16 或 22，這樣一切都會對焦，不會模糊。

Those like super, super tack sharp landscape images, usually somewhere around f16.

那些喜歡超級、超級清晰的風景圖片，通常在 f16 左右。

So to recap, aperture is the size of the opening in your lens.

概括地說，光圈就是鏡頭開口的大小。

The lower the f-stop, more light, higher the f-stop, less light.

光圈越小，光線越強，光圈越大，光線越弱。

But remember that aperture controls depth of field, which is way more important in creating an image.

但請記住，光圈控制的是景深，而景深對創作影像更為重要。

So low f-stop, small depth of field, higher f-stop, large depth of field.

是以，低光圈、小景深，高光圈、大景深。

Pretty simple, right?

很簡單吧？

Last up is shutter speed, and shutter speed is super simple.

最後是快門速度，快門速度超級簡單。

Shutter speed is the amount of time measured in seconds that your shutter is open.

快門速度是指快門打開的時間，以秒為組織、部門。

With shutter speed, you'll see numbers like 1 50th of a second, 1 100th of a second, 1 2 50th of a second.

對於快門速度，你會看到 1 50 秒、1 100 秒、1 2 50 秒這樣的數字。

It goes all the way up to 1 8000th of a second, depending on your camera.

根據相機的不同，它可以達到 1 8000 秒。

And you can go the other way, and you can slow your shutter speed down to one second or two seconds or five seconds or 10 seconds.

你也可以反其道而行之，把快門速度降到一秒、兩秒、五秒或十秒。

Most cameras go up to 30 seconds without something called an intervalometer.

大多數相機最多可拍攝 30 秒，而無需使用間隔計。

I use my intervalometer.

我使用間隔計。

It's very interesting.

這非常有趣。

While shutter speed controls the amount of time that your shutter is open, it also controls motion blur.

快門速度控制快門打開的時間，同時也控制運動模糊。

From a lot of motion blur, all the way up to where moving objects are just totally frozen in place.

從大量的運動模糊，一直到運動物體完全定格在原地。

Super slow shutter speeds are going to be used when you're on a tripod shooting something like a landscape or a cool waterfall and you want that, what's that, looks like smoke but water.

當你在三腳架上拍攝風景或酷酷的瀑布時，你想要那種看起來像煙但又像水的感覺，這時就會用到超慢快門速度。

Looks really cool.

看起來很酷。

All the way up to shooting like three minute exposures and getting really cool star Milky Way shots.

一直到拍攝三分鐘的曝光，並獲得非常酷的銀河星空照片。

All the way to the other side where you want to freeze motion.

一直到你想凍結運動的另一邊。

Shutter speed is what helps you accomplish that.

快門速度可以幫助您實現這一目標。

Faster shutter speeds are going to be used in things like sports or maybe someone's running or your dog is running in the backyard and you want that really crispy shot of your dog just frozen in place.

較快的快門速度適用於體育運動，或者有人在跑步，或者您的愛犬在後院奔跑，而您希望拍攝到愛犬定格在原地的清晰畫面。

When I'm shooting portraits, I don't want any motion blur in my images.

在拍攝人像時，我不希望畫面中出現任何運動模糊。

I want people looking nice and crispy.

我希望人們看起來又漂亮又脆。

I'm going to shoot somewhere between 1 250th of a second and 1 500th of a second.

我打算在 1 250 秒到 1 500 秒之間拍攝。

If my subjects start walking or start running or something like that, I'm going to go a little faster and if it's low light and I need the extra light, I'll go a little slower and I'll get them to stand really still so it's still nice and sharp.

如果拍攝對象開始走動或奔跑，我就會稍微快一點；如果光線不足，我需要額外的光線，我就會稍微慢一點，讓他們站在原地不動，這樣拍攝出來的照片依然清晰漂亮。

For sports, you're going to be somewhere in the 1 800th range, maybe 1 1000th and even beyond.

就體育而言，你的成績可能會在 1800 分左右，甚至在 1000 分以上。

Basically, the faster your subject is moving, if you want to freeze them, you need a faster shutter speed.

基本上，拍攝對象的移動速度越快，如果要將其定格，就需要更快的快門速度。

So the total basics of shutter speed is slower shutter speed, more motion blur, faster shutter speed, less motion blur.

是以，快門速度的基本原理是：快門速度越慢，運動模糊越多；快門速度越快，運動模糊越少。

That's it.

就是這樣。

And now I'll put it all together.

現在我要把這一切歸納起來。

So anytime I'm going to take a shot, I'm going to walk into the scene and the first thing I'm going to do is set my ISO.

是以，無論何時我要拍攝，我都會走進場景，首先要做的就是設置 ISO。

So I'm going to look at the scene.

所以我要去看看現場。

If I'm outdoors, there's plenty of light.

如果我在戶外，光線會很充足。

I'm going to bring that ISO as low as I can, maybe 200 or 100.

我打算把 ISO 調得越低越好，可能是 200 或 100。

Second, I'm going to look at my subject.

其次，我要看看我的主題。

I'm going to choose how much depth of field do I need for that one person or two people or five people.

我要選擇一個人、兩個人或五個人需要多大的景深。

And I'm going to set my aperture based on that.

我將據此設置光圈。

And then third, I'm going to choose how much motion blur I want or don't want and set my shutter speed based on that.

第三，我要選擇我想要或不想要運動模糊的程度，並據此設置快門速度。

So here's two quick scenarios.

是以，這裡有兩個簡單的方案。

I get everything set for my shot.

我為拍攝做好一切準備。

My subject is totally ready.

我的主題已經完全準備好了。

I get everything dialed.

我把一切都安排好了。

I look at my shot and it's too dark.

我看了看我拍的照片，太暗了。

There's three places I can go to get more light.

有三個地方可以讓我獲得更多光線。

The first thing I'm going to do is slow my shutter speed down.

我要做的第一件事就是放慢快門速度。

But I can only do that until I start seeing motion blur on my image.

但我只能這樣做，直到我的影像開始出現運動模糊。

Second, I'm going to lower my aperture.

其次，我要降低光圈。

It's going to let more light in, but I can only do that until my subject isn't in focus because I don't have enough depth of field for them.

這樣可以讓更多的光線進入，但我只能這樣做，直到我的拍攝對象沒有對焦，因為我沒有足夠的景深來拍攝它們。

And the third place to find more light is to bump my ISO.

第三點是提高 ISO，以尋找更多光線。

It's my last resort.

這是我最後的辦法。

I don't want to bump my ISO, but I will.

我不想提高 ISO，但我會的。

And again, depending on your camera, that's either going to be a really bad thing or in cameras like this, it's not going to really be that big of a deal.

同樣，根據相機的不同，這要麼會是一件非常糟糕的事情，要麼在像這樣的相機中，這並不是什麼大問題。

The second scenario is the exact opposite.

第二種情況正好相反。

I get everything dialed in.

我把一切都調整好了。

I take my test shot and it's too bright.

我試拍了一下，太亮了。

Now, the first thing I'm going to do this time is my ISO because I have plenty of light.

現在，我首先要做的是 ISO，因為我有充足的光線。

So I'm going to crank that thing down and I'm going to get a really, really nice clean image because of that.

是以，我要把它的音量調低，這樣就能獲得非常非常清晰的影像。

Now, if I crank my ISO all the way down, it's still too bright.

現在，如果我把 ISO 調到最低，還是太亮了。

The second thing I do is I start raising my shutter speed.

我做的第二件事就是開始提高快門速度。

And the very last thing that I would change is my aperture.

我最後要改的是光圈。

I really enjoy that low depth of field look when I'm shooting portraits.

在拍攝人像時，我非常喜歡這種低景深的效果。

So aperture is the last thing that I mess with.

是以，光圈是我最不喜歡的東西。

There's a ton of great charts out there that are an awesome reference to just always have on hand.

現在有很多很棒的圖表，隨時隨地都可以作為很好的參考。

I made one for you right now.

我現在就給你做一個。

Be ready to screenshot in three, two, one.

三、二、一，準備截圖。

And that's it.

就是這樣。

That is 80% of photography in 10 minutes.

10 分鐘就能完成 80% 的攝影工作。

Huh, I did it.

我做到了

For all you advanced photographers out there, I realize there is way, way, way more that makes up photography and it makes a good photographer.

對於所有的高級攝影師來說，我知道攝影的構成要素有很多很多，要想成為一名優秀的攝影師，就必須具備這些要素。

But as like the basic foundational elements, if you can understand those three concepts and how your camera uses them, you're going to be able to take awesome images.

但就像基本的基礎元素一樣，如果你能理解這三個概念以及相機如何使用它們，你就能拍出很棒的照片。

And you're going to be able to troubleshoot when you see something wrong.

當你發現問題時，就能排除故障。

So if you see that you don't have enough depth of field, you know that your aperture has to go up.

是以，如果你發現景深不夠，你就知道光圈必須增大。

Higher number, more depth of field.

數字越大，景深越深。

If your image is super grainy, you know your ISO has to come down.

如果影像顆粒感超強，就說明 ISO 必須降低。

And lastly, if there's blur in your images, you know that your shutter speed has to go up.

最後，如果影像模糊，就說明快門速度必須提高。

And that's it.

就是這樣。

Hit the subscribe button below.

點擊下方的訂閱按鈕。

I'm going to have a ton more videos out.

我還會推出更多視頻。

Leave comments below asking questions about photography and I'll make videos like this answering them.

請在下方留言，詢問有關攝影的問題，我將製作這樣的視頻來回答這些問題。

Yeah, that's all I got.

是的，我就知道這麼多。

If this whole time you were really upset because I was saying ISO instead of ISO, you're wrong.

如果你一直因為我說的是 ISO 而不是 ISO 而生氣，那你就錯了。

It's ISO, not ISO.

是 ISO，不是 ISO。

It's not an acronym.

這不是縮寫。

Look it up.

查查吧。

Take that, internet.

拿去吧，互聯網。

I told them.

我告訴他們

I told them good.

我告訴他們很好。