埃隆-馬斯克的問題 (The Problem With Elon Musk)

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Uh, I mean, my mind is a storm.

呃，我的意思是，我的頭腦就像一場風暴。
I don't think most people would want to be me.

我想大多數人都不想成為我。
They may think they'd want to be me, but they don't know.

他們可能認為自己想成為我，但他們並不知道。
Is your storm a happy storm?

你的風暴是快樂的風暴嗎？
No.

不
I've grown tired of hearing the name Elon Musk and not really understanding what's going on.

我已經聽膩了埃隆-馬斯克這個名字，卻不太明白到底發生了什麼。
Who is this guy?

這傢伙是誰？
Where is he from?

他來自哪裡？
How has he built a huge business empire to become one of the richest people in the world?

他是如何建立起一個龐大的商業帝國，成為世界上最富有的人之一？
And what can we learn about his purchase of Twitter?

我們又能從他收購 Twitter 的過程中瞭解到什麼呢？
So I've been going on a deep dive, finding everything I can about this guy, his upbringing, businesses he started, talking to people who have worked with him, who have worked for him.

是以，我一直在深入調查，尋找關於這個人的一切資訊，他的成長經歷，他創辦的企業，與那些曾與他共事或為他工作的人交談。
Many of these people want to remain anonymous for reasons you will soon understand.

其中許多人希望保持匿名，原因你們很快就會明白。
I've talked to people who love him, people who hate him, people who used to love him and now hate him.

我和愛他的人談過，也和恨他的人談過，還和以前愛他現在恨他的人談過。
If I were an employee at Twitter right now,

如果我現在是 Twitter 的一名員工、
I'd probably just do your job.

我可能只是做你的工作。
Don't let them know your name.

不要讓他們知道你的名字。
So after a few months of reporting on this,

是以，經過幾個月的報道後、
I feel like I finally have a handle on who this guy is.

我覺得我終於知道這傢伙是誰了。
I understand how he built his empire, how he treats the people around him, and the real reason I believe he bought Twitter.

我瞭解了他是如何建立自己的帝國，如何對待身邊的人，以及我相信他收購 Twitter 的真正原因。
Elon Musk put in an offer.

埃隆-馬斯克提出了報價。
An unsolicited bid to buy the social media platform.

主動出價收購社交媒體平臺。
$44 billion.

440 億美元。
So let me show you the rise and rule of Elon Musk.

是以，讓我向你們展示埃隆-馬斯克的崛起和統治。
You're a super villain.

你是個超級大壞蛋
That's what a super villain does.

這就是超級反派的工作。
Yeah.

是啊
He's addicted to drama, he's addicted to risk, things seem to be going smoothly.

他沉迷於戲劇，沉迷於冒險，一切似乎都很順利。
He almost has a compulsion to start things up.

他幾乎有一種蠱惑人心的衝動。
Elon Musk was born in the summer of 1971 in South Africa.

埃隆-馬斯克於 1971 年夏天出生在南非。
From a young age, he was bullied pretty relentlessly by kids at school for being scrawny and nerdy.

從小，他就因為骨瘦如柴、書呆子氣而被學校裡的孩子們無情地欺負。
You know, bullied quite a lot.

你知道，我經常被人欺負。
I punched in the face many times.

我的臉被打了很多次。
Musk would later say that he's on the autism spectrum, though he was never diagnosed.

馬斯克後來說，他是自閉症譜系中的一員，儘管他從未被診斷出來。
It got really bad for young Elon.

對年輕的埃隆來說，情況真的很糟糕。
Like, one time.

就一次
When he got beaten up at school once and so bloodied he had to go to the hospital, the scars were actually worse when he came home and his father made him stand in front of him and berated him for more than an hour, calling him stupid, saying it was his fault.

有一次，他在學校被人打了，血流滿面，不得不去醫院，回到家後傷疤更嚴重了，父親讓他站在自己面前，訓斥了他一個多小時，說他笨，說這是他的錯。
Stories like this make me sick to my stomach and you realize that the trauma and scars from this kind of abuse, both physical and emotional, they don't go away easily.

這樣的故事讓我反胃，你會意識到，這種身體和精神虐待所造成的創傷和傷疤，不會輕易消失。
Speaking of his dad, there's a lot of rumors that Elon came from a rich dad who owned emerald mines in South Africa and that he was set up to be successful because of family wealth.

說到他的父親，有很多傳言說，埃隆的父親很有錢，在南非擁有祖母綠礦，他的成功得益於家庭財富。
This isn't factually accurate.

這與事實不符。
Elon's dad did import emeralds, but there wasn't a lot of money in this family.

埃隆的父親確實進口過祖母綠，但這個家庭並不富裕。
He never owned a emerald mine, this is total bullshit.

他從未擁有過翡翠礦，這完全是胡說八道。
If you want more detail on that, you can go check out our sources where we put the fact check for every one of the assertions in this video.

如果你想了解更多細節，可以查看我們的資料來源，我們在那裡對視頻中的每一個斷言進行了事實核查。
Anyway, what Elon did have at a young age was a skill for computers and programming.

無論如何，埃隆在年少時就掌握了計算機和編程的技能。
I taught myself how to program computers, mostly because I wanted to program games.

我自學電腦編程，主要是因為我想編寫遊戲程序。
At the age of 12, he invented a video game.

12 歲時，他發明了一款電子遊戲。
Mom, do you remember when I was 12 and I created my own video game?

媽媽，你還記得我 12 歲時自己製作的電子遊戲嗎？
That he sold to a magazine for- $500.

他以 500 美元的價格賣給了一家雜誌社
It was his first business move in tech.

這是他在技術領域的首次商業行動。
His first interest in space.

他第一次對太空產生了興趣。
Around 12 or 13, I had a company, Existential Crisis, trying to figure out the meaning of life.

大約在十二三歲的時候，我成立了一家名為 "存在主義危機 "的公司，試圖找出生命的意義。
From an early age, Musk found meaning in the idea of the potential of humanity, what humans can do as a collective, how we as a species have somehow been able to work together to explore the meaning of the universe.

從很小的時候起，馬斯克就發現了人類潛力的意義，人類作為一個集體能夠做些什麼，我們作為一個物種是如何以某種方式共同探索宇宙的意義的。
My motivation was that if we can expand the scope and scale of consciousness, maybe we can find out the meaning of life.

我的動機是，如果我們能擴大意識的範圍和尺度，也許就能找到生命的意義。
I mean, you hear this and it kind of sounds overly grand, kind of delusional, overly idealistic.

我的意思是，你聽起來有點過於宏大，有點妄想，過於理想主義。
But honestly, this is what motivates Musk from a very young age.

但老實說，這就是馬斯克從小到大的動力。
And he doesn't bend on what he wants and what he's willing to do to achieve it.

他對自己想要的東西和願意為之付出的代價毫不妥協。
So he leaves South Africa when he's 18 and moves to Canada and eventually ends up in Pennsylvania where he goes to college and gets a degree in economics and physics.

是以，他在 18 歲時離開南非，移居加拿大，最終來到賓夕法尼亞州，在那裡上了大學，並獲得了經濟學和物理學學位。
At the age of 24, he moves out to California to pursue a PhD at Stanford, but he never starts the program.

24 歲時，他搬到加利福尼亞州的斯坦福大學攻讀博士學位，但他從未開始學習。
Instead, he starts his first business.

相反，他開始了自己的第一筆生意。
Okay, so I'm not gonna go into the details of every one of Elon's companies because there are a lot.

好吧，我不會詳細介紹埃隆的每一家公司，因為有很多。
If you wanna deep dive, read this very thick book.

如果你想深入瞭解，請閱讀這本很厚的書。
This was a foundational part of our reporting and it details the play-by-play on all of these companies.

這是我們報告的基礎部分，其中詳細介紹了所有這些公司的具體情況。
For now, let me give you a quick summary of the businesses this guy built to become one of the richest men on the planet.

現在，請允許我向您簡要介紹一下這個人成為全球最富有的人之一所建立的企業。
His first company was called Zip2.

他的第一家公司名為 Zip2。
He started it in 1995 with his brother who seems to have an affinity for cowboy hats.

1995 年，他和他的兄弟一起創辦了這家公司，他的兄弟似乎對牛仔帽情有獨鍾。
His company provided maps and business directories for online newspapers.

他的公司為在線報紙提供地圖和企業名錄。
I know those words sound very strange to us now, but back in 1995, it was a huge deal.

我知道這些話現在聽起來很奇怪，但在 1995 年，這可是件大事。
It almost was like the precursor to what Google Maps is today, and it was very successful.

它幾乎就是今天谷歌地圖的前身，而且非常成功。
We helped bring online several hundred newspapers that previously were only in print.

我們幫助幾百份以前只有印刷版的報紙上網。
It was acquired a few years later for $307 million, $22 million of those dollars going right into Elon's pocket.

幾年後，該公司以 3.07 億美元的價格被收購，其中 2200 萬美元直接進入了埃隆的腰包。
Suddenly, Elon is rich.

突然之間，埃隆就有錢了。
Receiving cash is cash.

收到現金就是現金。
I mean, those are just a large number of Van Franklins.

我的意思是，這些只是大量的範-弗蘭克林。
He uses the money to start another company called X.com.

他用這筆錢創辦了另一家名為 X.com 的公司。
No, no, no, not that X.com, the first X.com, which you now know today as PayPal.

不，不，不，不是那個 X.com，第一個 X.com，也就是你們現在知道的 PayPal。
So this is an ATM, and what we're gonna do is transform the traditional banking industry.

這是一臺自動取款機，我們要做的就是改變傳統銀行業。
It was basically an online bank, and it was revolutionary at the time, so much so that in 2002, eBay bought it for $1.5 billion.

它基本上就是一家網上銀行，在當時具有革命性意義，以至於在 2002 年，eBay 以 15 億美元的價格收購了它。
Elon got 180 million of those dollars, and now he's officially super rich.

埃隆拿到了其中的 1.8 億美元，現在他正式成為超級富豪。
There he is, gentlemen, the fastest car in the world.

先生們，這就是世界上最快的汽車。
So what to do with all of this money?

那麼，如何處理這些錢呢？
The answer for Elon Musk was to try out the craziest ideas he could think of.

埃隆-馬斯克的答案是嘗試他能想到的最瘋狂的想法。
I'll have like about 180 million from PayPal.

我將從貝寶獲得大約 1.8 億美元。
I thought, you know, I'll allocate half of that to SpaceX and Tesla and SolarCity.

我想，你知道，我會把其中的一半分配給 SpaceX、特斯拉和 SolarCity。
That should be fine.

應該沒問題。
I'll have 90 million licenses, lots.

我會有 9000 萬個許可證，很多。
I thought our probability of success was less than 10%.

我以為我們成功的可能性不到 10%。
It would be foolish to think anything else other than that.

除此以外，任何其他想法都是愚蠢的。
Ever since he was a kid making video games about space,

自從他還是個製作太空視頻遊戲的孩子起、
Elon has been motivated by this idea of humans expanding outside of Earth, humans becoming a multi-planet species.

埃隆的這一想法一直激勵著他，他希望人類能夠走出地球，成為一個多行星物種。
We would like to help make life multi-planetary.

我們希望幫助實現多行星生活。
The extension of life to multiple planets.

將生命延伸到多個星球。
In the early 2000s, Tesla already existed.

本世紀初，特斯拉已經存在。
They were making electric cars, but they were kind of high-end niche sports cars.

他們在製造電動汽車，但都是些高端小眾跑車。
Elon was really interested in this, so he came in as an investor, and eventually became the CEO with the vision of turning electric cars mainstream and ushering a whole new era of transportation.

埃隆對此非常感興趣，於是他以投資者的身份加入，並最終成為首席執行官，他的願景是讓電動汽車成為主流，開創一個全新的交通時代。
But these ideas were more expensive than he anticipated.

但這些想法比他預想的要昂貴得多。
Things cost more and took longer than I thought, so I had a choice of either put the rest of the money in or the companies are gonna die.

事情比我想象的要複雜得多，花費的時間也比我想象的要長，所以我只能選擇要麼把剩下的錢投進去，要麼公司死掉。
His rockets kept blowing up.

他的火箭不斷爆炸。
His electric cars were devilishly complicated to manufacture, but Elon developed this addiction to risk and intensity that kept him pushing forward despite these challenges.

他的電動汽車製造起來非常複雜，但埃隆對風險和強度上了癮，這讓他不畏挑戰，不斷向前。
Tesla reinvented how cars were made, thanks to innovative technology and manufacturing, really clever engineering, and a waterfall of government subsidies.

得益於創新的技術和製造工藝、真正精巧的工程設計以及政府如瀑布般的補貼，特斯拉重塑了汽車的製造方式。
He was able to skyrocket Tesla into one of the most valuable companies in the world, overtaking every other car company by a long shot in just a few years.

他使特斯拉一躍成為全球最有價值的公司之一，在短短几年內就遠遠超過了其他所有汽車公司。
And this company was weird.

這家公司也很奇怪。
It wasn't obeying all the rules, like there was almost no official marketing campaign.

它沒有遵守所有規則，就像幾乎沒有官方營銷活動一樣。
And Elon decided to make all of his technology open source.

埃隆決定將他的技術全部開源。
The patents were not copyrighted.

這些專利沒有版權。
Anyone could see them and use them with the hope that the market for electric vehicles would take off and that the world would more quickly move away from the use of fossil fuels, which would ultimately benefit Tesla.

任何人都可以看到並使用它們，希望電動汽車市場能夠騰飛，世界能夠更快地擺脫化石燃料的使用，這最終將使特斯拉受益。
So if somebody comes and makes a better electric car than Tesla, and it's so much better than ours that we can't sell our cars and we go bankrupt,

所以，如果有人制造出比特斯拉更好的電動汽車，而且比我們的好得多，我們的汽車就賣不出去了，我們就破產了、
I still think that's a good thing for the world.

我仍然認為這對世界是件好事。
These were bold, crazy moves, but they were totally working.

這些都是大膽、瘋狂的舉動，但卻完全奏效。
Meanwhile, Elon's space company was about to go out of business.

與此同時，埃隆的太空公司也即將倒閉。
For SpaceX, the first three launches failed.

對於 SpaceX 來說，前三次發射都失敗了。
Just barely able to scrape together enough parts and money to do the fourth launch.

勉強湊夠了第四次發射所需的零件和資金。
And then, after six years and six months of stress and intensity,

然後，經過六年零六個月的壓力和緊張、
Elon's dreams of going to space started to come true.

埃隆的太空夢開始成真。
I'm gonna explain a little bit more about how he did all of this, but the big deal about SpaceX is that they created a reusable rocket.

我會再解釋一下他是如何做到這一切的，但 SpaceX 最大的亮點在於他們創造了一種可重複使用的火箭。
Every other rocket is disposable.

其他火箭都是一次性的。
You can only use it once, and it's very expensive.

你只能使用一次，而且非常昂貴。
But Elon proved that you could use a rocket and safely land it back down onto the surface of Earth and then use it again.

但埃隆證明，你可以使用火箭，並將其安全降落到地球表面，然後再次使用。
Soon, SpaceX would be carrying NASA astronauts and supplies to the International Space Station, launching military satellites into space for the Pentagon, launching dozens of other satellites into space for the United States, and even launching the first-ever private space flight for tourism.

不久之後，SpaceX 將把美國國家航空航天局（NASA）太空人和補給品運往國際空間站，為五角大樓向太空發射軍用衛星，為美國向太空發射數十顆其他衛星，甚至首次為旅遊業發射私人太空飛行。
Space travel was officially reinvented.

太空旅行正式重獲新生。
I think we're at the dawn of a new era, and it's a reason for people to be excited and inspired to be human.

我認為，我們正處在一個新時代的黎明，這也是人們興奮和激發做人的理由。
Okay, but what's crazy is that during all of this,

好吧，但瘋狂的是，在這一切的時候，
Elon is also launching a bunch of other companies, like the Boring Company, which is trying to revolutionize traffic and transportation by building smarter tunnels.

埃隆還創辦了許多其他公司，比如 "無聊公司"（Boring Company），該公司正試圖通過建造更智能的隧道來徹底改變交通和運輸狀況。
Oh my God, it just hit me that it's boring, like boring as hell.

我的天啊，我突然覺得它很無聊，無聊得要命。
Oh my God, it just hit me that it's boring, like boring into the side of a mountain.

天哪，我突然意識到這很無聊，就像悶在山邊一樣。
Oh my God, that just hit me right now.

天哪，我現在才明白過來。
This company also turned into like a blank canvas for Elon Musk to play out all of his childish, silly ideas, like selling a flamethrower or this perfume that smells like singed human hair.

這家公司也成了埃隆-馬斯克的一張白紙，他可以盡情發揮自己幼稚、愚蠢的想法，比如銷售火焰噴射器或這種聞起來像燒焦的人類頭髮的香水。
And yes, Musk uses his businesses as kind of a way to troll humanity, while also trying to save humanity.

是的，馬斯克利用他的企業來嘲弄人類，同時也試圖拯救人類。
It's this behavior that a lot of people find refreshing and ends up getting a lot of attention and becoming a marketing tool for all of his companies.

正是這種行為讓很多人覺得耳目一新，最終引起了廣泛關注，併成為他所有公司的營銷工具。
He starts building Neuralink, which is designing a way for humans to control computers with their brains, which is already having some initial successes.

他開始建立 Neuralink 公司，該公司正在設計一種人類用大腦控制計算機的方法，目前已經取得了一些初步成功。
And now that Elon's company can easily go to space, he starts sending up these small satellites, 6,000 of them, that are orbiting the earth.

現在，埃隆的公司可以輕而易舉地進入太空，他開始將這些小衛星送上太空，共有 6000 顆，它們正繞著地球運行。
And he starts providing internet to remote places, arguably changing the course of the war in Ukraine by providing Ukrainian soldiers with internet during the initial invasion from Russia.

他開始為偏遠地區提供互聯網，在俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭初期，他為烏克蘭阿兵哥提供互聯網，可以說改變了烏克蘭戰爭的進程。
Though that's gotten more complicated in recent months as Russian soldiers have started to use Starlink and it's a whole other rabbit hole.

不過最近幾個月，隨著俄羅斯阿兵哥開始使用 "星鏈"，情況變得更加複雜，這又是一個全新的兔子洞。
Okay, but we're not done yet with Elon's companies.

好吧，但埃隆的公司還沒完。
He also co-founded OpenAI way back in 2015, who went on to make ChatGPT.

早在 2015 年，他還與人共同創辦了 OpenAI，後者後來又製作了 ChatGPT。
He later left the company over disagreements and then has recently started his own AI company called, you guessed it, XAI.

後來，他因意見分歧離開了公司，最近又創辦了自己的人工智能公司，名叫 XAI。
Yes, the guy loves the letter X.

是的，這傢伙喜歡字母 X。
It's literally the name of several of his companies and one of his children.

這是他幾家公司和一個孩子的名字。
Each one of these ventures points back to Elon's childish idealism, this grand vision of testing the limits of what humans can do by pushing our understanding of physics and working together to do crazy, amazing things.

這些企業中的每一個都指向埃隆孩提時代的理想主義，即通過推動我們對物理學的理解，測試人類所能做到的極限，並共同努力做出瘋狂而令人驚歎的事情的宏偉願景。
But then after building all of these companies that are focused on pushing the physical limits of human potential,

但是，在建立了所有這些專注於挑戰人類潛能物理極限的公司之後、
Elon in recent years has set his sights on reshaping another industry.

近年來，埃隆將目光投向了重塑另一個行業。
Tonight, the richest man in the world is hunting for more.

今晚，世界上最富有的人正在尋找更多。
Put in an offer of almost $44 billion to buy Twitter.

出價近 440 億美元收購 Twitter。
All of Twitter.

整個 Twitter。
Is this all a troll or is this very real?

這到底是惡作劇還是真的？
Elon Musk has been portrayed as both a reckless, unethical billionaire, as well as a visionary who is changing the world for the better.

埃隆-馬斯克既被描繪成一個魯莽、不道德的億萬富翁，也被描繪成一個為了更好地改變世界而富有遠見的人。
And what you think about him probably comes from what you read about him.

你對他的看法可能來自於你讀到的關於他的報道。
And what you read about him was probably served to you by an algorithm.

你所讀到的關於他的資訊很可能是通過算法提供給你的。
This is how our media landscape works these days.

這就是我們如今的媒體格局。
And it's getting us deeper and deeper into trouble, which is a major theme in this video, but it's also in line with the sponsor of today's video, which is Ground News.

它讓我們越陷越深，這是本視頻的一大主題，同時也與今天視頻的贊助商--地面新聞--不謀而合。
Ground News is a platform that I've been using to navigate this problem.

Ground News 是我用來解決這個問題的一個平臺。
To find a balanced view where I can see both sides of a news story,

找到一個平衡的視角，讓我看到新聞故事的正反兩面、
Ground News aggregates tens of thousands of news articles from around the world into one place, and then allows you to critically examine how that news is being covered.

Ground News 將世界各地數以萬計的新聞報道彙總到一個地方，然後讓您可以批判性地審視新聞報道的方式。
Here's a recent story that on the left, you can see from the Los Angeles Times that engineers sue Elon Musk and SpaceX saying that the company mirrored his juvenile crude ex-posts.

左側是《洛杉磯時報》最近的一則報道：工程師們起訴埃隆-馬斯克和 SpaceX 公司，稱該公司照搬了他稚嫩粗糙的前言。
While on the right, you've got the New York Post saying that Elon Musk was sued by fired engineers alleging Elon Musk allowed pervasive sexist culture.

而在右邊，《紐約郵報》稱埃隆-馬斯克被解僱的工程師起訴，指控埃隆-馬斯克縱容普遍存在的性別歧視文化。
These headlines have subtle bias in them.

這些標題有微妙的偏見。
Like the left-leaning headline suggests that Musk's personal behavior was directly responsible, while the right-leaning headline emphasizes that they were fired employees and that there was an alleged sexist culture, softening any kind of blame towards Musk and his company.

就像左側的標題暗示馬斯克的個人行為是直接責任，而右側的標題則強調他們是被解僱的員工，存在所謂的性別歧視文化，從而弱化了對馬斯克及其公司的任何指責。
This is really subtle stuff that's hard to pay attention to if you're just scrolling your algorithm.

如果你只是滾動算法，很難注意到這些非常微妙的東西。
Ground News emphasizes and highlights these biases and allows you to be more critical as a news consumer.

地面新聞》強調並突出這些偏見，讓您作為新聞消費者更具批判性。
Not only do they show this bias distribution, but they also have a tool that rates how factual an article is.

它們不僅顯示了這種偏差分佈，還提供了一個工具來評定文章的真實性。
And my favorite, they have this blind spot detector that pays attention to the articles that you tend to read and presents you with stuff that might be outside of your comfort zone, but that you probably need to see to be a balanced news consumer.

我最喜歡的是，他們有一個盲點探測器，會關注你經常閱讀的文章，併為你提供可能超出你舒適範圍的內容，但你可能需要看到這些內容才能成為一個平衡的新聞消費者。
This is a really cool tool.

這是一個非常酷的工具。
I'm very glad they exist.

我很高興它們的存在。
I'm really glad they're sponsoring today's video.

我真的很高興他們能贊助今天的視頻。
If you wanna try this out for yourself, go to groundnews.com slash johnnyharris, where you'll get 40% off the Vantage plan, which is unlimited access to all of these features.

如果你想親自體驗一下，請訪問 groundnews.com slash johnnyharris，在那裡你可以享受 Vantage 計劃的四折優惠，該計劃可以無限制地使用所有這些功能。
I use Ground News.

我使用地面新聞。
I think it's really important in today's media landscape.

我認為這在當今的媒體環境中非常重要。
I'm grateful that they sponsored today's video.

我很感謝他們贊助了今天的視頻。
With that, let's dive back into the story of Elon Musk.

說到這裡，讓我們回到埃隆-馬斯克的故事上來。
Tonight, the richest man in the world is hunting for more.

今晚，世界上最富有的人正在尋找更多。
Okay, so we're getting into this.

好了，我們開始吧。
Why did Elon buy Twitter?

埃隆為什麼要收購 Twitter？
What can we learn from it?

我們能從中學到什麼？
Before we do that,

在此之前
I want to tell you a little bit about what I learned about Elon Musk as a leader.

我想告訴你一點我對埃隆-馬斯克作為領導者的認識。
After talking to people who have worked with him, people who have worked under him, there's a few key lessons that I've taken away from all of these conversations we've had with these people and doing research on him.

在與與他共事過的人和在他手下工作過的人交談後，我從與這些人的交談和對他的研究中總結出了一些關鍵經驗。
I will not be quoting them directly because most of them ask to remain anonymous.

我不會直接引用他們的話，因為他們大多要求匿名。
The first thing I heard over and over again is how obsessed Elon Musk is with the details of what his companies are building.

我反覆聽到的第一件事就是，埃隆-馬斯克對其公司正在建造的產品的細節是多麼痴迷。
I think people think like I'm a business guy or something like that.

我覺得人們覺得我是個生意人之類的。
Engineering, that's like 80% more of my time.

工程學，這差不多佔了我 80% 的時間。
One source I talked to who worked closely with Musk estimates that he spends 90% of his time in technical details.

與我交談過的一位曾與馬斯克密切合作的人士估計，馬斯克把 90% 的時間都花在了技術細節上。
With a whiteboard out, looking at code with engineers and programmers, solving very specific details in meetings that sometimes go into the middle of the night.

在白板上，與工程師和程序員一起查看代碼，在會議上解決非常具體的細節問題，有時甚至要開到半夜。
And this gets to our second takeaway, which is that Elon questions everything.

這就是我們的第二個啟示，即埃隆質疑一切。
And I mean everything.

我指的是一切。
You can see this really clearly when he was building SpaceX.

在他創建 SpaceX 公司時，你就能清楚地看到這一點。
It was tough going there in the beginning because I'd never built anything physical.

剛開始的時候很艱難，因為我從來沒有建造過任何實物。
I mean, I'd built like little model rockets as a kid and that kind of thing, but I'd never had a company that built anything physical.

我的意思是，我小時候做過小火箭模型之類的東西，但我從來沒有開過一家公司，製造任何實物。
Elon's original idea for SpaceX was to buy Russian rockets that had been decommissioned and to rebuild them more efficiently.

埃隆創建 SpaceX 公司的最初想法是購買退役的俄羅斯火箭，並對其進行更有效的改造。
I can tell you it was very weird going to the Russian rocket forces and saying I'd like to buy two of your biggest rockets.

我可以告訴你，去俄羅斯火箭部隊說我想買兩枚你們最大的火箭，感覺非常奇怪。
They thought I was crazy, but I did have money.

他們以為我瘋了，但我確實有錢。
He went to Russia and quickly discovered that the price that governments pay for rockets is astronomical.

他去了俄羅斯，很快發現政府為火箭付出的代價是天文數字。
It felt absurd.

感覺很荒謬。
On the flight home,

在回家的飛機上
Elon makes this list of every component he can think of needed to build a rocket.

埃隆列出了他能想到的製造火箭所需的所有部件清單。
And then he put in the estimated price for just the materials and the components.

然後，他把材料和部件的估算價格寫了進去。
What he found is that the prices that they were quoting him for these rocket parts were highly inflated.

他發現，這些火箭部件的報價非常虛高。
He interrogated every single cost associated with rockets and started to make plans on how his team could find a much cheaper way to build them.

他仔細研究了與火箭有關的每項成本，並開始制定計劃，研究他的團隊如何找到一種更便宜的方法來製造火箭。
He did this over and over and over until soon his team was manufacturing 70% of all of the rocket components for SpaceX and saving millions of dollars.

他一次又一次地這樣做，直到很快他的團隊為 SpaceX 製造了 70% 的火箭部件，節省了數百萬美元。
I heard story after story like this.

我聽到了一個又一個這樣的故事。
Elon's showing up, talking to some low-level engineer, working on some very specific problem and interrogating it until he found the most efficient answer.

埃隆出現了，他與一些低級工程師交談，研究一些非常具體的問題，並對其進行詢問，直到找到最有效的答案。
Oh, and this wasn't about him being collaborative or inclusive of his employees.

哦，這跟他是否與員工合作或包容員工無關。
This is about him stress testing every single assumption, pushing every single thing to the limit so that he can find the most efficient way to build something.

這就是他要對每一個假設進行壓力測試，把每一件事都做到極致，這樣才能找到最有效的方法來建造某樣東西。
This also makes working for Elon incredibly stressful.

這也讓為埃隆工作的壓力大得驚人。
He'll show up, he'll question everything, and then he'll tell people that a six-month timeline needs to be condensed down into 90 days.

他會出現，他會質疑一切，然後他會告訴人們，六個月的時間表需要壓縮到 90 天。
Everyone's jaw drops, they say it's impossible, and he says, it has to be possible, and then everyone makes it happen.

每個人都瞠目結舌，他們說這不可能，而他說，這一定是可能的，然後每個人都把它變成了現實。
Which gets me to number four, the people around him.

這讓我想到了第四點，他身邊的人。
Musk's ruthless idealism and vision for the future has attracted a lot of really talented people who bring these dreams to life.

馬斯克無情的理想主義和對未來的憧憬吸引了許多真正有才華的人，他們將這些夢想變為現實。
These people have rallied around his mission to reinvent transportation or take humans to Mars.

這些人都支持他重新發明交通工具或將人類送上火星的使命。
They're the ones who make it happen with unprecedented speed and efficiency.

是他們以前所未有的速度和效率實現了這些目標。
These four things are really his superpowers.

這四件事確實是他的超能力。
They are the ingredients that have allowed him to reinvent entire industries.

這些都是他重塑整個行業的要素。
But this isn't the full picture.

但這還不是全部。
Everyone I talk to includes the fact that Elon can be a total asshole and is a lot of the time.

我接觸的每個人都知道，埃隆可能是個徹頭徹尾的混蛋，而且很多時候都是。
Hate me, like me, or indifferent.

討厭我，喜歡我，還是漠不關心。
Do you want the best car or do you not want the best car?

你是想要最好的汽車，還是不想要最好的汽車？
He is abrupt, he is blunt, and he puts basically no effort into making you like him.

他很唐突，很直率，而且基本上不花力氣讓你喜歡他。
No, I am not evil, I just misunderstood.

不，我不是壞人，我只是誤會了。
Whew, whew, whew.

呼，呼，呼
One irony I kept hearing is that Musk cares so much about humanity, but he doesn't really care about humans.

我一直聽到的一個諷刺是，馬斯克非常關心人類，但他並不真正關心人類。
Okay, so I'm the father of an 11-year-old who is autistic, and I myself identify as being on some part of the spectrum.

好吧，我是一個 11 歲自閉症孩子的父親，我自己也認為自己有一部分自閉症。
And so listening to hours of Musk,

就這樣，我聽了幾個小時的 Musk、
I see moments that to most people might look like him being mean-hearted and arrogant and extreme and even cruel, but to me feel more like him being unaware or perhaps unwilling to play by the rules of social norms.

我看到了一些在大多數人看來可能是他刻薄、傲慢、極端甚至殘忍的時刻，但在我看來，更像是他沒有意識到或者不願意遵守社會規範。
Okay, but, and because my son is probably watching this,

好吧，但是，因為我兒子可能正在看這個、
I need to make one thing crystal clear, that there is a line here.

我必須明確一點，這裡有一條界線。
Musk's behavior, especially recently, can quickly cross into malicious, temperamental, mean-hearted, and harmful behavior that goes well beyond anything that can be justified or explained by neurodivergence, into something that looks a lot more like aggressive bullying, coercion, unethical business practices.

馬斯克的行為，尤其是最近的行為，很快就會變成惡意的、易怒的、刻薄的和有害的行為，這些行為遠遠超出了神經變異所能證明或解釋的範圍，看起來更像是咄咄逼人的欺凌、脅迫和不道德的商業行為。
There's almost a demon mode of Elon Musk where he turns really dark, and that can be very problematic, especially when it came to acquiring Twitter.

埃隆-馬斯克（Elon Musk）幾乎有一種 "惡魔模式"，他會變得非常陰暗，這可能會帶來很大的問題，尤其是在收購 Twitter 的時候。
My point is that there's some empathy that is warranted here.

我想說的是，這裡需要一些同情。
It can be a blurry line, but Musk very clearly crosses that line, something we'll talk about more in a little bit.

這可能是一條模糊的界線，但馬斯克顯然越過了這條界線，我們稍後會詳細討論。
But for now, let's get back to our list, these five things that are the big takeaways on how Musk operates and how he's built his empire.

但現在，讓我們回到我們的清單上來，這五件事是關於馬斯克如何運作以及他如何建立自己的帝國的重要啟示。
And let's look at where this got him by the early 2020s.

讓我們看看，到 2020 年代初，他的處境如何。
His four big companies had grown rapidly to become worth billions,

他的四家大公司迅速發展壯大，價值數十億美元、
Tesla reaching a trillion dollar valuation, one of the most valuable companies on earth, revolutionizing the car industry.

特斯拉估值達到萬億美元，是地球上最有價值的公司之一，為汽車行業帶來了變革。
And by January, 2021, these successes has skyrocketed Musk to become the world's richest man, according to Forbes billionaire tracker.

到 2021 年 1 月，根據福布斯億萬富豪追蹤系統的數據，這些成功讓馬斯克一躍成為世界首富。
But don't be fooled.

但不要上當。
For Musk, this actually isn't an ideal situation.

對馬斯克來說，這種情況其實並不理想。
Musk's biographer, Walter Isaacson, wrote this amazing book that details all of this private communication that really gives us an inside look into the psychology of Musk during this time.

馬斯克的傳記作者沃爾特-艾薩克森（Walter Isaacson）寫了這本令人驚歎的書，詳細描述了所有這些私人交流，讓我們真正瞭解了馬斯克這段時間的內心世界。
And he documents this conversation between Siobhan Zillis, the director of operations at one of his companies and the mother of a set of Elon's twins, and Elon in a text that read, you don't have to be in a state of war all the time, or is that where you find greater comfort when you're in periods of war?

他記錄了西奧班-齊利斯（Siobhan Zillis）和埃隆之間的對話，西奧班-齊利斯是埃隆旗下一家公司的營運總監，也是埃隆一對雙胞胎的母親。
And he replies that it's a part of his default setting.

他回答說，這是他默認設置的一部分。
Zillis then tells Isaacson that it was like he was winning the simulation and now he felt at a loss at what to do.

然後，齊利斯告訴艾薩克森，他好像贏得了模擬，現在他感到不知所措。
Extended periods of calm were unnerving for him.

長時間的平靜讓他感到不安。
The guy is addicted to conflict and crisis and tension and drama.

這傢伙沉迷於衝突、危機、緊張和戲劇。
And being the world's richest man with all these successes was uncomfortable.

身為世界首富，取得了這麼多成就，這讓我很不舒服。
He needed a new storm to throw himself into.

他需要一場新的風暴讓自己投入其中。
And so he chose the storm of all storms.

於是，他選擇了風暴中的風暴。
At the end of 2022, he buys Twitter for $44 billion.

2022 年底，他以 440 億美元的價格收購了 Twitter。
In his offer letter, he tells us why he's doing it.

在聘書中，他告訴了我們他這樣做的原因。
He believes that Twitter has the potential to be the platform for free speech around the globe and that free speech is a societal imperative for a functioning democracy.

他認為，Twitter 有潛力成為全球言論自由的平臺，而言論自由是一個正常運作的民主社會的必要條件。
And right away, Musk applies his playbook to the company, sending out a midnight email telling the thousands of employees that there's gonna be a new Twitter culture that is, quote, extremely hardcore, long hours, high intensity, and tells anyone who wants to stay to fill out this form or be fired.

馬上，馬斯克就把他的玩法用到了公司裡，他在午夜發了一封郵件，告訴成千上萬的員工，Twitter 將會有一種新的文化，引用他的話說，就是 "極度嚴苛、長時間、高強度"，並告訴任何想留下來的人填寫這張表格，否則就會被解僱。
Thousands of Twitter employees are being laid off.

數以千計的 Twitter 員工被解僱。
Locked out of their work email accounts.

被鎖定在工作電子郵件賬戶之外。
Twitter has fired half of its 7,500 staff.

Twitter 已解僱了其 7,500 名員工中的一半。
We called it the Twitter hunger games.

我們稱之為 "推特飢餓遊戲"。
I thought a lot about how to talk about

我想了很多如何談論
Musk's foray into Twitter because it is in the news right now.

馬斯克進軍推特是因為它現在是新聞焦點。
It is shaping the way that we receive and talk about information.

它正在改變我們接收和談論資訊的方式。
And there's a lot of hot takes out there.

現在有很多熱門話題。
What I decided to do here is to try to give the most earnest understanding as to Musk's motives.

我決定在這裡對馬斯克的動機給予最真誠的理解。
Why did he do this?

他為什麼要這麼做？
What does he want from it?

他想要什麼？
And what is he doing to reshape Twitter around this vision?

他是如何圍繞這一願景重塑 Twitter 的？
What was it ultimately that led you to make the decision to do it?

最終是什麼促使您決定這樣做？
Somewhat melodramatic, but

有點誇張，但
I was worried about that it was having a corrosive effect on civilization.

我擔心它會對文明產生腐蝕作用。
So first and foremost, free speech is like the thing he says over and over.

是以，首先，言論自由就像他反覆說的那句話。
Free speech. Free speech.

言論自由。言論自由
Free speech. Free speech is the only way that humans are gonna thrive.

言論自由言論自由是人類繁衍生息的唯一途徑。
And because Musk's main mission is the advancement of human civilization, he must buy Twitter and make it the free speech platform.

因為馬斯克的主要使命是推動人類文明進步，所以他必須買下 Twitter，使其成為自由言論平臺。
The platform where we have perhaps the most important conversations in the world.

在這個平臺上，我們或許可以進行世界上最重要的對話。
He says this over and over, like in this tweet, where he says, this is a battle for the future of civilization.

他反覆強調這一點，比如在這條推文中，他說，這是一場關乎文明未來的戰鬥。
If free speech is lost, even in America, tyranny is all that lies ahead.

如果失去了言論自由，即使是在美國，未來也將是暴政橫行。
So that's number one on what he says his motives are.

這就是他所說的第一動機。
I think part of it is that it's where it was located, which is downtown San Francisco.

我認為部分原因在於它的位置，即舊金山市中心。
The next pillar of Musk's reasoning has to do with the city of San Francisco.

馬斯克理由的下一個支柱與舊金山市有關。
Is there a place that's more far left than San Francisco, Berkeley?

還有比舊金山和伯克利更極左的地方嗎？
Twitter's headquarters is located right here in downtown San Francisco.

Twitter 的總部就位於舊金山市中心。
And for Musk, that's a big problem.

對馬斯克來說，這是一個大問題。
It was an accidental far left information weapon that was then harnessed by the far left, who could not themselves create the weapon, but happened to be co-located where the technologists were.

這是一個意外的極左資訊武器，然後被極左派利用，極左派本身並不能創造出這種武器，但卻碰巧與技術專家同處一地。
Okay, so let me get this straight.

好吧，那我就直說了。
Musk believes that Twitter being in the heart of a liberal city means that the engineers and leaders deciding what gets elevated and suppressed on Twitter are infected with the politics of the liberal city.

馬斯克認為，Twitter 位於自由主義城市的中心地帶，這意味著決定 Twitter 上提升和壓制內容的工程師和領導者都受到了自由主義城市政治的感染。
And so they're more likely to elevate their ideology, a megaphone, an information weapon.

是以，他們更有可能提升自己的意識形態、擴音器和資訊武器。
That's his argument.

這就是他的論點。
I have a couple issues with the argument and its logical underpinning.

我對這個論點及其邏輯基礎有幾個問題。
But again, this is about what Elon Musk says as his motivations for buying Twitter.

但同樣，這與埃隆-馬斯克所說的收購 Twitter 的動機有關。
And number three, the government is censoring Twitter and Twitter is letting them.

第三，政府正在審查 Twitter，而 Twitter 卻聽之任之。
Twitter was simply an arm of the government.

推特只是政府的一個分支。
You know, it's a state publication is the way to think of old Twitter.

要知道，"老推特 "就像一份國家出版品。
It was a state publication.

這是一份國家出版品。
All right, this is our list.

好了，這是我們的名單。
We're gonna get to each of these and like try to understand them all.

我們將逐一瞭解，並試著理解它們。
But like, is anyone else wondering what happened here?

不過，有人想知道這裡發生了什麼嗎？
It feels like the story went from quirky visionary engineer uses his brilliant unorthodox, socially immature tactics and obsessions to accomplish unprecedented engineering feats to said quirky engineer suddenly dedicates his brilliant mind away from physics and towards social media, because he believes that there's a deep state conspiracy between San Francisco technologists infected with liberal bias and their censoring government overlords.

感覺就像故事從怪誕有遠見的工程師利用他傑出的非正統、不成熟的社交策略和痴迷完成了前所未有的工程壯舉，到這位怪誕的工程師突然將他的聰明才智從物理學轉向了社交媒體，因為他認為舊金山的技術專家們感染了自由主義偏見，而他們的審查政府霸主之間存在著深層次的國家陰謀。
And he is going to fix it.

他要解決這個問題。
What happened?

怎麼了？
I actually never got to the bottom of that.

事實上，我一直沒有弄清真相。
And I don't think anyone has.

我認為沒有人做到這一點。
That's actually been a central question that was never answered for me during this reporting.

實際上，在這次報道中，我一直沒有找到答案。
We do know this pivot happened sometime in 2020.

我們確實知道，這一轉折發生在 2020 年的某個時候。
Why did Musk shift to obsessing over this?

馬斯克為何轉而糾結於此？
The answer to that probably lies somewhere in Elon Musk's brain.

答案可能就在埃隆-馬斯克的大腦中。
And it is not ethical or useful for me to try to opine on his mental health or what is going on in his brain.

我試圖對他的心理健康或大腦中發生的事情發表意見是不道德的，也是無益的。
So let's stick to the facts.

所以，我們還是實事求是吧。
Here is the logical framework that Elon Musk used to buy Twitter.

以下是埃隆-馬斯克用來收購 Twitter 的邏輯框架。
This is what he wants to do with it is fix this.

這就是他想做的事，解決這個問題。
Let's see what happens next.

讓我們看看接下來會發生什麼。
So after firing most of the employees and changing the name to his favorite letter, he gets to work on free speech.

是以，在解僱了大部分員工，並將公司名稱改為他最喜歡的字母后，他就開始了言論自由方面的工作。
He lets big accounts that were previously banned back onto the platform, including former president Donald Trump, comedian Kathy Griffin, lawmaker Marjorie Taylor Greene,

他讓之前被禁言的大賬戶重新回到平臺上，包括前總統唐納德-特朗普、喜劇演員凱西-格里芬、立法者馬喬裡-泰勒-格林、
Jordan Peterson.

喬丹-彼得森
Within a few months, he posts this tweet around the Super Bowl.

沒過幾個月，他又在超級碗比賽前後發佈了這條推特。
And he notices that this tweet gets less engagement than the tweet by president Joe Biden.

他注意到，這條推文的參與度低於喬-拜登總統的推文。
Elon does not like this.

埃隆不喜歡這樣。
He calls it a fake tweet.

他說這是一條假推特。
He calls an urgent meeting and tasks 80 engineers to quickly rebuild a version of the algorithm that will allow his tweets to be artificially boosted by a factor of 1,000.

他召集了一次緊急會議，讓 80 名工程師迅速重建一個算法版本，以便人為地將他的推文提高 1000 倍。
I was kind of skeptical on how sensational it was reported, but through my conversations, confirmed that this actually went down.

我對報道的轟動效應有些懷疑，但通過交談，我確認這確實發生了。
Like the old Twitter was not built to artificially boost one account.

就像以前的推特一樣，並不是為了人為提升某個賬戶而建立的。
And Elon, the free speech guy was like,

那個言論自由的埃隆就說：
I need you to boost my account because it's not getting as much attention as the president.

我需要你提高我的賬戶關注度，因為它的關注度不如總統。
And the 80 engineers did.

而 80 名工程師做到了。
So a few months after buying the company,

所以在買下公司幾個月後
Elon now has super algorithmic power and he uses it to start to amplify certain people.

埃隆現在擁有了超級算法能力，他利用這種能力開始放大某些人。
So I know what you're thinking.

我知道你們在想什麼。
Johnny, you just disagree with these people.

約翰尼，你只是不同意這些人的觀點。
And so you think that it's bad that Elon let them on, but really free speech is about letting everyone talk.

所以你認為埃隆讓他們上臺是件壞事，但其實言論自由就是讓每個人都說話。
Yes, absolutely.

是的，當然。
That is true.

沒錯。
And yet Elon uses an artificially amplified voice to prop up a very specific type of voice on Twitter to amplify ideas, extreme ideas, harmful ideas, not just to liberals in San Francisco, but ideas that we as humanity recognize are bad ideas.

然而，埃隆卻用人工放大的聲音，在推特上支持一種非常特殊的聲音，放大各種想法，極端的想法，有害的想法，不僅僅是舊金山的自由主義者，而是我們人類都承認是壞主意的想法。
And now someone with a massive megaphone has control on how big those ideas can get.

而現在，一個擁有巨大傳聲筒的人控制著這些想法的發展。
Even Bill Maher, the Elon fan boy.

就連伊隆的粉絲比爾-馬赫也不例外。
There's a very few people who actually make change happen.

真正能讓變革發生的人少之又少。
You are one of those people.

你就是其中之一。
Even he could not understand why Elon was doing this.

就連他自己也不明白埃隆為什麼要這麼做。
I understand why you wanted to like have a platform where you have free speech, but like why then embrace the worst people on it?

我理解你為什麼想擁有一個可以自由發表言論的平臺，但為什麼又要在這個平臺上接納最糟糕的人？
And then Elon isn't totally consistent about this.

而埃隆在這一點上並不完全一致。
Like in the case of Alex Jones, who spreads horrendous conspiracies and misinformation to a lot of people, when asked why Elon didn't let him go back onto Twitter, he said no, saying that he had no mercy for anyone who would use the death of children for gain, politics, or fame.

就像亞歷克斯-瓊斯（Alex Jones）一樣，他向很多人散佈駭人聽聞的陰謀和錯誤信息，當被問及埃隆為什麼不讓他重新回到推特上時，他說不，他說他對任何利用兒童死亡來謀取利益、政治或名聲的人都不會心慈手軟。
He did eventually reinstate Alex Jones after running a poll, but you start to see that he'll reinstate anyone unless he personally takes issue with their views or what they said.

在進行民意調查後，他最終恢復了亞歷克斯-瓊斯的職務，但你會發現，除非他個人對某個人的觀點或言論有異議，否則他會恢復任何人的職務。
What's puzzling to me is that this isn't free speech absolutism.

令我不解的是，這並不是言論自由的絕對主義。
It's not say anything you want.

不是你想說什麼就說什麼。
Musk's new Twitter then starts banning and suppressing substack links, substack the place where independent journalists write.

隨後，馬斯克的新 Twitter 開始禁止和壓制 substack 鏈接，而 substack 是獨立記者寫作的地方。
Musk made the change where you can't comment or like on anything that has a substack article and you can't embed tweets in your substack article.

馬斯克做出了更改，您不能評論或贊任何有子包文章的內容，也不能在您的子包文章中嵌入推文。
That doesn't feel like free speech to me.

我覺得這不像是言論自由。
Musk then decides that the word cisgender is a slur on Twitter and threatens to ban people who use it too much.

隨後，馬斯克在 Twitter 上認定 "順式性別"（cisgender）一詞是一種汙衊，並威脅要封殺經常使用該詞的人。
Is that free speech?

這是言論自由嗎？
He then starts banning journalists who criticize him, though he did reinstate a few of them after a vote and then starts suing media watchdog organizations like the Center for Countering Digital Hate, trying to silence them for criticizing the new Twitter.

然後，他開始封殺責備他的記者，儘管在投票後他確實恢復了一些記者的職務，然後開始起訴媒體監督組織，如 "反數字仇恨中心"（Center for Countering Digital Hate），試圖讓這些責備新推特的組織閉嘴。
Musk, of course, lost with the verdict coming out saying that this lawsuit was basically about trying to silence criticism and deter others from criticizing his company.

當然，馬斯克敗訴了，他在判決書中說，這起訴訟基本上是為了壓制責備，阻止別人責備他的公司。
He's someone who is willing to use his enormous wealth and power to silence people.

他是一個不惜利用自己的鉅額財富和權力來壓制別人的人。
Like this is such clear anti-free speech behavior.

就像這種明顯反言論自由的行為一樣。
When Twitter users organized a protest against making users pay for a blue check mark, he banned that account.

當 Twitter 用戶組織起來抗議讓用戶為藍色勾號付費時，他封禁了那個賬戶。
And this is what's so mind-bending.

這就是令人費解的地方。
Like I swear he's trolling us here.

我發誓他是在耍我們。
He says that he's obsessed with free speech, but then immediately after taking it over Twitter, he demonstrates an extreme hypocrisy for that very point.

他說他痴迷於言論自由，但在推特上發表言論後，他又立即表現出極端的虛偽。
And I secretly think he's doing that so that we are talking about it right now.

我暗自認為，他這麼做是為了讓我們現在就討論這個問題。
I don't think it was ever about free speech.

我認為這與言論自由無關。
I also think that when he posts political propaganda ads, like this conspiracy video that says that Democrats are letting immigrants in to turn America into single party rule and has almost a hundred million views, I think he's doing that not because he agrees with this factless piece of propaganda, but because he loves to rile people up.

我還認為，當他發佈政治宣傳廣告時，比如這個陰謀論視頻，說民主黨人讓移民進來是為了把美國變成一黨執政，並且有近一億人觀看，我認為他這麼做並不是因為他同意這種毫無事實根據的宣傳，而是因為他喜歡激怒人們。
Though maybe he does agree with it, I don't know.

不過也許他真的同意，我就不知道了。
Either way, he has built a platform that gives him the biggest megaphone and suppresses people that criticize him.

無論如何，他都建立了一個平臺，給了他最大的傳聲筒，並壓制責備他的人。
That is not free speech.

這不是言論自由。
Okay, but let's move on because free speech was just one of his three major motives.

好吧，讓我們繼續前進，因為言論自由只是他的三大動機之一。
What about this argument that Twitter is infected with liberal ideology because it is based in San Francisco?

推特總部設在舊金山，是以受到自由主義意識形態的感染，這種說法又是怎麼回事呢？
Luckily, we have data.

幸運的是，我們有數據。
This was a great study, very thorough.

這是一項偉大的研究，非常透徹。
Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter.

推特上的政治算法放大。
It's a study from before Elon took over.

這是埃隆接手之前的一項研究。
They conducted a long running massive scale randomized experiment where they looked at a huge number of tweets from seven countries.

他們進行了一項長期的大規模隨機實驗，研究了來自七個國家的大量推文。
And they found that in six out of the seven countries, including the United States, that quote, the mainstream political right enjoys a higher algorithmic amplification than the mainstream political left.

他們發現，在包括美國在內的七個國家中的六個國家，主流政治右派比主流政治左派享有更高的算法放大率。
They saw this over and over.

他們一次又一次地看到了這一點。
Oh, and also a really interesting side note here is that they found that Twitter actually doesn't amplify far left or far right political groups more than moderate ones, which is a myth that I believed until I read this study.

哦，還有一個非常有趣的附帶說明是，他們發現推特對極左或極右政治團體的放大作用其實並不比對溫和政治團體的放大作用大。
But the whole point is that old Twitter did not have a liberal bias.

但問題的關鍵在於，舊推特並沒有自由主義傾向。
If anything, it had a conservative bias.

如果有的話，那就是偏向保守。
This study is very robust proof of that.

這項研究非常有力地證明了這一點。
Despite Elon's theory that Twitter being in San Francisco infected it with a liberal bias.

儘管埃隆認為，Twitter 位於舊金山會使其帶有自由主義傾向。
Go to the sources and read the study for yourself if you want to poke into it.

如果你想深入瞭解，可以自己去查閱資料，閱讀研究報告。
If there's anything wrong with it that I'm missing, please tell me.

如果我遺漏了什麼問題，請告訴我。
But it seems like pretty damn solid proof to me.

但在我看來，這似乎是非常可靠的證據。
Okay, but what about the last critique?

好吧，那最後一條評論呢？
And this is a big one.

這是一個大問題。
Musk believed that Twitter was being censored by governments and Twitter was letting them do this.

馬斯克認為，Twitter 正在受到政府的審查，而 Twitter 卻任由政府這樣做。
And guess what?

你猜怎麼著？
That is actually true.

事實的確如此。
Upon taking over Twitter,

在接管 Twitter 之後、
Musk cracked into all of the internal communications and found a bunch of emails that showed how Twitter had banned and suppressed information that it deemed harmful and dangerous, but that they did so sometimes with a political bias.

馬斯克破解了所有內部通信，發現了大量電子郵件，其中顯示了 Twitter 如何禁止和壓制它認為有害和危險的資訊，但他們這樣做有時帶有政治偏見。
You can see things like Biden's team asking Twitter to review these tweets that they didn't like.

你可以看到拜登的團隊要求推特審查這些他們不喜歡的推文。
Yes, governments around the world can ask Twitter to take things down in their country that they think are breaking the law or that are harmful to national security.

是的，世界各國政府可以要求 Twitter 在其國內刪除他們認為違法或危害國家安全的內容。
And this happened on both sides.

這種情況在雙方都有發生。
The Trump White House asked Twitter to take things down as well.

特朗普白宮也要求推特刪除相關內容。
But this reporting did reveal what looked like a lot of left-leaning bias in censoring certain highly sensitive content that would be damaging to the left.

但這篇報道確實揭示出，在審查某些會對左翼造成損害的高度敏感內容時，似乎存在很多左傾偏見。
The big example of this was this New York Post article about Hunter Biden's laptop.

紐約郵報》這篇關於亨特-拜登筆記本電腦的文章就是一個很好的例子。
Twitter severely censored this, not even letting people DM the link to each other and making up a thin justification for it later.

推特對此進行了嚴格審查，甚至不允許人們相互發送 DM 鏈接，事後還編造了一個薄薄的理由。
Content moderation, deciding what is harmful and what should be censored and what shouldn't, is a really difficult task.

內容節制，決定什麼是有害的，什麼應該被審查，什麼不應該被審查，是一項非常艱鉅的任務。
But for a lot of people, including myself, this crossed a line.

但對包括我在內的很多人來說，這已經越界了。
This was not okay.

這可不行。
Though I have to say that Hunter Biden

儘管我不得不說，亨特-拜登
New York Post article was the most egregious one.

紐約郵報》的文章最為惡劣。
A lot of the other stuff in the Twitter files was not nearly as black and white.

推特文件中的許多其他內容並不那麼白紙黑字。
Much more nuanced, much more complicated.

要細微得多，複雜得多。
The point is there should be transparency here, and I agree with Musk on that.

問題的關鍵是，這裡應該有透明度，我同意馬斯克的觀點。
Okay, but this is once again where we find some strange paradox that doesn't make any sense, which is that since Musk took over, government censorship on Twitter has gone up.

好吧，但這又一次讓我們發現了一些毫無意義的奇怪悖論，那就是自從馬斯克接手後，政府對推特的審查就增加了。
Twitter suspended multiple journalists from prominent outlets, including The Washington Post,

Twitter 暫停了包括《華盛頓郵報》在內的多家知名媒體記者的採訪資格、
The New York Times, and CNN.

紐約時報》和 CNN。
Tonight a number of high-profile journalists have been silenced.

今晚，一些知名記者被封了口。
Here are the number of takedown requests that governments around the world made to Twitter in the six months before Musk took over.

以下是在馬斯克接管 Twitter 之前的六個月裡，世界各國政府向 Twitter 提出的移除請求數量。
And these are the ones that Twitter complied with.

這些都是 Twitter 遵守的規定。
Twitter would fully comply with the government's censorship request about half of the time.

大約有一半的情況下，推特會完全遵從政府的審查要求。
The other half the time they'd say no.

另一半時間他們會說不。
In the six months after Musk, the number of requests went up, probably because Musk got rid of a lot of the automatic moderation.

在馬斯克之後的六個月裡，請求數量上升了，這可能是因為馬斯克取消了很多自動審核功能。
But look, Musk's Twitter now says yes to government censorship over 80% of the time, way more than the old Twitter.

但是你看，馬斯克的推特現在有 80% 以上的時間都同意政府的審查，比以前的推特多了很多。
Wait, what?

等等，什麼？
And look, the kind of stuff that Musk is allowing to be censored on the platform is really sensitive stuff for free speech.

而且，馬斯克允許在平臺上審查的那些內容，對於言論自由來說確實是非常敏感的。
Like, take Turkey, for example.

比如，以土耳其為例。
There was a Turkish election last year.

去年土耳其舉行了一次選舉。
The president of Turkey, himself a massive user of state censorship, pressured Twitter to block the accounts of a few people he didn't like, a Kurdish businessman, an investigative journalist, both of them vocal critics of the president.

土耳其總統本身就是國家審查制度的忠實用戶，他向 Twitter 施壓，要求封殺幾個他不喜歡的人的賬戶，其中一個是庫爾德商人，另一個是調查記者，這兩個人都是總統的忠實批評者。
Like, this is like clear, black and white political censorship in an election year.

就像，這就像是在大選年進行黑白分明的政治審查。
Like, make the guy who is criticizing me go away.

比如，讓責備我的人走開。
And guess what?

你猜怎麼著？
Musk's Twitter did it.

馬斯克的推特做到了。
They said yes, they banned the accounts, and then said, we didn't have a choice.

他們說是的，他們封禁了賬戶，然後說我們別無選擇。
They were gonna shut down all of Twitter, so we had to do it.

他們要關閉整個推特，所以我們必須這麼做。
And then they patted themselves on the back about how they were still trying to fight it, and they're doing so much for battling government censorship and transparency on the platform.

然後，他們拍拍胸脯說，他們還在努力與之鬥爭，他們為打擊政府審查和提高平臺透明度做了很多事情。
But guess what?

但你猜怎麼著？
They did have a choice.

他們確實有選擇。
This same kind of thing happened before Musk ever came in, and Twitter fought back.

在馬斯克上臺之前，同樣的事情也發生過，推特進行了反擊。
In a previous Turkish election, the government tried to do the same thing, censor posts about corruption within the Turkish government.

在之前的一次土耳其選舉中，政府也曾試圖做同樣的事情，審查有關土耳其政府內部腐敗的帖子。
They asked Twitter to take these down, and Twitter said no.

他們要求 Twitter 刪除這些內容，Twitter 拒絕了。
They fired back that political speech is among the most important speech, especially when it concerns matters of possible corruption.

他們反駁說，政治言論是最重要的言論之一，尤其是在涉及可能的腐敗問題時。
So, Turkey shut down Twitter.

於是，土耳其關閉了 Twitter。
It was down for a couple of weeks while they battled it out in court, and the Turkish government lost.

在他們對簿公堂期間，土耳其政府輸了。
Indeed, they lost because they were trying to censor political speech, and Twitter fought back.

事實上，他們輸了，因為他們試圖審查政治言論，而 Twitter 進行了反擊。
There's even more recent examples.

最近還有更多的例子。
Like Wikipedia, or Wokipedia, as Elon calls it, refusing to comply with the Turkish government's censorship requests, getting completely shut down for almost three years, only to have it be overturned in Turkish courts, a major win for free speech in Turkey, which is something that's in short supply lately.

比如維基百科，或者埃隆所說的 Wokipedia，拒絕了土耳其政府的審查要求，被完全關閉了近三年，後來在土耳其法庭上被推翻，這是土耳其言論自由的一次重大勝利，而這正是最近比較缺乏的東西。
So, like Wikipedia, Twitter can do this.

是以，與維基百科一樣，Twitter 也可以做到這一點。
They can say no to the Turkish government.

他們可以對土耳其政府說不。
If they're actually crusaders for free speech, and if they're actually against government censorship, they would have said no in 2023.

如果他們真的是言論自由的鬥士，如果他們真的反對政府的審查制度，他們就會在 2023 年說不。
Musk's Twitter did this in India, too, when the Indian government asked Twitter to censor a bunch of journalists, including an entire BBC bureau, and a documentary that was critical of the government and the president, and Twitter complied.

馬斯克的推特在印度也這麼幹過，當時印度政府要求推特審查一批記者，包括整個 BBC 分社，以及一部責備政府和總統的紀錄片，推特照做了。
Elon, where is your conviction for free speech?

埃隆，你對言論自由的信念何在？
Where is your hate for government censorship in moments like this, where it really, really matters?

在這種非常重要的時刻，你對政府審查制度的憎恨到哪裡去了？
But for Elon Musk, he's got a lot of other things he needs to think about.

但對於埃隆-馬斯克來說，他還有很多其他事情需要考慮。
He needs to think about the market for Teslas, who might be buying his satellites or rockets.

他需要考慮特斯拉的市場，誰可能會購買他的衛星或火箭。
He needs to be thinking about where Tesla factories might be set up, the market for his electric cars.

他需要考慮的是，特斯拉的工廠可能建在哪裡，他的電動汽車的市場在哪裡。
This is a conflict of interest that gets in the way of his idealistic vision for free speech and his hate for government censorship.

這是一種利益衝突，妨礙了他對言論自由的理想主義願景和對政府審查制度的憎惡。
Twitter used to have a page where they would publish in detail why they would take down any content they took down at the request of the government.

推特曾有一個頁面，詳細公佈了他們應政府要求刪除任何內容的原因。
And there's this research lab at Harvard that would aggregate all of this for the public.

哈佛大學有一個研究實驗室，可以為公眾彙總所有這些資訊。
When our story producer, Alex, went to go look for these government requests from Turkey and India, she found that they no longer were there.

當我們的故事製作人亞歷克斯去尋找這些來自土耳其和印度的政府請求時，她發現它們已經不在那裡了。
This page had gone quiet.

這一頁已經沉寂了。
So she reached out to the Harvard lab and got this response.

於是，她聯繫了哈佛實驗室，並得到了這樣的回覆。
Twitter stopped sharing this data starting in April, 2023.

從 2023 年 4 月起，Twitter 不再共享這些數據。
No more transparency on government censorship.

政府審查制度不再透明。
It looks like it's down to the whims of one super rich dude.

看起來，這取決於一個超級富豪的一念之差。
That is not free speech.

這不是言論自由。
That is the antithesis of what this guy said he was going to build.

這與這傢伙說要建造的東西截然相反。
So no, I don't think Elon Musk is earnest about these three things that he said were his motive for buying Twitter.

所以，我不認為埃隆-馬斯克說的這三件事是他收購 Twitter 的動機。
In fact, after looking into all of this,

事實上，在調查了這一切之後、
I'm having a hard time figuring out what Elon is earnest about at all, other than his belief that humans have the potential to do amazing things.

除了相信人類有潛力做出驚天動地的大事之外，我很難搞明白埃隆到底在說什麼。
I do believe that in all of this, that is the one thing that has stayed consistent.

我相信，在所有這一切中，有一點是始終如一的。
But how he's pursuing that goal and that vision in recent years is baffling, confusing, and in my mind, quite harmful to our society.

但近年來他是如何追求這一目標和願景的，令人費解、困惑，而且在我看來，對我們的社會相當有害。
Twitter seems much more like a platform where he can bully the people he doesn't like.

推特似乎更像是一個平臺，他可以在這裡欺負他不喜歡的人。
He can feed his addiction to crisis and controversy while also showing a childish hypocrisy in his principles and values.

他既能滿足自己對危機和爭議的嗜好，又能在原則和價值觀上表現出幼稚的虛偽。
But unlike his other ventures, which you can tell when they're successful because they're physics, the rocket either goes up into space or it doesn't, the car drives or it doesn't, this new venture doesn't have a physical feedback loop that tells him if it's doing good or working.

但與他的其他創業項目不同的是，他的其他創業項目可以通過物理原理判斷是否成功，火箭要麼升空，要麼不升空；汽車要麼開動，要麼不開動。
Instead, he's playing with the delicate, precarious nature of information in the internet age, something that is already in crisis and now is being chipped away at by one rich dude who gets off on crisis.

相反，他玩弄的是互聯網時代資訊的微妙、岌岌可危的本質，而這種本質本已危機四伏，現在卻被一個以危機為樂的富家公子所蠶食。
And what blows my mind most is that in the process of all of this,

最讓我震驚的是，在這一切過程中
Musk is undermining his own dream, his own vision.

馬斯克正在破壞自己的夢想和願景。
This is a sentiment I heard from the employees and colleagues of Elon Musk.

這是我從埃隆-馬斯克的員工和同事那裡聽到的感慨。
They felt betrayed, like this man pushed them to think differently, to do things that seemed impossible, all in the name of this grand vision of what humanity could be, what we could do as a civilization.

他們覺得自己被背叛了，就像這個人逼迫他們用不同的方式思考，去做那些看似不可能的事情，而這一切都是為了實現人類的偉大願景，實現我們作為一個文明所能做的一切。
And yet in recent years, he seems to be sabotaging that very vision, alienating the people and customers that he needs to bring this vision to life.

然而近年來，他似乎正在破壞這一願景，疏遠他實現這一願景所需要的人和客戶。
In my mind, Elon has exchanged that vision for controversy and division that forces all of us to talk about it.

在我看來，埃隆用爭議和分裂換來了願景，這迫使我們所有人都不得不談論它。
Here we are, talking about it, talking about him.

在這裡，我們談論它，談論他。
I think a part of him loves that or needs that.

我想他的一部分人喜歡這樣，或者需要這樣。
And yet after all of this, defenders of Elon will continue to argue that only someone like this could be the one to change the world.

然而，在這一切發生之後，埃隆的捍衛者們仍會繼續辯稱，只有這樣的人才能改變世界。
To anyone I've offended, I just want to say,

對於我冒犯過的人，我只想說
I reinvented electric cars and I'm sending people to Mars in a rocket ship.

我重新發明了電動汽車，我要用火箭飛船把人們送上火星。
Did you think I was also going to be a chill, normal dude?

你以為我也會是個冷酷的普通人嗎？
And yeah, I get that.

是的，我明白。
The people who change the world aren't normal and orthodox.

改變世界的人不是普通人和正統派。
They're not nice.

他們不是好人。
But I don't accept this way of thinking about Musk today, maybe a couple of years ago.

但我今天不接受馬斯克的這種思維方式，也許幾年前是這樣。
But in recent years, Musk has shown it's his addiction to crisis and attention that is having a corrosive effect on our society.

但近年來，馬斯克已經表明，他對危機和關注的沉迷正在對我們的社會產生腐蝕性影響。
Validating and glorifying ways of acting that rewards the worst parts of us.

認可和美化我們的行為方式，獎勵我們最糟糕的部分。
And instead of saving civilization, driving us further apart.

非但沒有拯救文明，反而讓我們越走越遠。
Hey everyone, thanks for watching this deep dive on Elon Musk.

大家好，感謝收看本期埃隆-馬斯克深度訪談。
I want to tell you about our new channel called Search Party.

我想向大家介紹一下我們的新頻道--"搜索派對"。
It is a deep dive into geopolitics and sports.

這是一次對地緣政治和體育的深度挖掘。
It is started by Sam Ellis, my old Vox colleague, who now has a wonderful channel that we collaborate on and it is awesome.

它是由我在 Vox 的老同事山姆-埃利斯（Sam Ellis）創辦的，他現在有一個我們合作的精彩頻道，非常棒。
Go check it out.

去看看吧
Thank you everyone over at the newsroom, which is our Patreon, the people who support our work.

感謝新聞編輯室的各位，也就是我們的 Patreon，感謝支持我們工作的人們。
We're so grateful for your support.

我們非常感謝你們的支持。
And if you haven't subscribed to our channel yet, which is our Patreon, the people who support our deep dive reporting every month.

如果你還沒有訂閱我們的頻道，那就是我們的 Patreon，支持我們每月深度報道的人們。
Really appreciate your support.

非常感謝你們的支持。
Patreon.com slash Johnny Harris, if you want to go check out the perks there.

Patreon.com slash Johnny Harris，如果你想去看看那裡的福利。
We also still have a few hundred copies of this poster that I designed a few months ago, maybe last year.

我們還有幾百份我幾個月前（也許是去年）設計的海報。
And it is still around.

現在它依然存在。
A few hundred copies left.

還剩幾百份。
If you want to go buy them, if they still exist at this point, they could be sold out.

如果你想去買，如果現在還有的話，可能已經賣完了。
It is a poster of all the map projections and it is called All Maps Are Wrong and I'm very proud of it.

這是一張所有地圖投影的海報，名為 "所有地圖都是錯的"，我為此感到非常自豪。
You can have it on your wall like I have it on mine.

你可以像我一樣把它掛在牆上。
All of our sources are in the description if you want to go poke into them.

我們所有的資料來源都在說明中，如果你想了解的話。
And thank you all for being here.

感謝大家的光臨。
I'll see you in the next one.

我們下一屆再見。
Bye-bye.

再見