Life-extending prostate cancer.

延長前列腺癌患者的生命。

Much of the cancer crisis.

癌症危機。

Will you explain how vitamin C kills cancer cells?

你能解釋一下維生素 C 是如何殺死癌細胞的嗎？

Everyone has some connection with cancer.

每個人都與癌症有著某種聯繫。

After all, nearly one in two of us will get cancer in our lifetimes.

畢竟，在我們的一生中，幾乎每兩個人中就有一個人會得癌症。

Because cancer is seemingly so common, it gets a lot of attention within the media.

由於癌症似乎很常見，所以媒體對它的關注度很高。

And we often get a lot of misinformation, whether it's from family, friends, what we read in the news or what we see on TV.

我們經常會從家人、朋友、新聞報導或電視上獲得許多錯誤信息。

And that can actually be really detrimental and harmful to someone who has been diagnosed with cancer.

實際上，這對已確診癌症的人來說是非常不利和有害的。

So how do you separate the myths from the reality?

那麼，如何將神話與現實區分開來呢？

In my work as a nurse, we do sometimes get asked if sugar is a cause of cancer.

在我的護士工作中，我們有時會被問到糖是否會導致癌症。

Now this is taken from a misunderstanding of something known as the Warburg effect, which is that cancer cells seem to be very hungry for sugar and seem to be very good at breaking it down.

這是對一種被稱為沃伯格效應的東西的誤解，即癌細胞似乎非常渴望糖分，而且似乎非常善於分解糖分。

But if you cut sugar out from your diet, it doesn't stop the cancer cells from growing.

但是，如果你從飲食中戒掉糖，並不能阻止癌細胞的生長。

But what about artificial sweeteners, things like aspartame that are in diet drinks?

那麼人工甜味劑呢，比如減肥飲料中的阿斯巴甜？

Do they cause cancer?

它們會致癌嗎？

Well, the answer is probably not, no.

答案可能是否定的。

The fact is that they are classed as a class 2B carcinogen, which means there's not enough good evidence, but they might have a health effect.

事實上，它們被列為 2B 類致癌物，這意味著還沒有足夠充分的證據，但它們可能會對健康產生影響。

But in order to get enough to even be close to being dangerous, a person would have to drink 14 cans of fizzy drink a day.

但是，一個人每天必須喝 14 罐汽水，才能攝入足夠的汽水，甚至接近危險程度。

But what we do know is that sugar found in fizzy drinks can cause weight gain, and keeping a healthy weight does impact our risk of cancer.

但我們知道，汽水中的糖分會導致體重增加，而保持健康的體重確實會影響我們患癌症的風險。

So some people think that mobile phones can cause cancer, and this is a misunderstanding of the type of radiation a mobile phone causes.

有些人認為手機會致癌，這是對手機輻射類型的誤解。

Now, mobile phones have electromagnetic radiation.

行動電話有電磁輻射。

And although that might seem like a really scary term, lots of work has been done to understand whether those things can be cancer-causing, and the answer is a real categorical no.

雖然這個詞看起來很嚇人，但我們已經做了很多工作來了解這些東西是否會致癌，答案是絕對不會。

This is a really weak form of radiation, and it isn't able to affect our DNA and lead to cancer.

這是一種非常微弱的輻射，不會影響我們的 DNA 並導致癌症。

Ionising radiation is a little bit different.

電離輻射則略有不同。

It's something that we're not exposed to very often.

這是我們不常接觸到的。

Things like airport scanners.

比如機場掃描儀。

Actually, when we're in flight, we're exposed to ionising radiation.

實際上，當我們在飛行時，就會受到電離輻射的影響。

Ionising radiation is also in things like X-rays and scans that we may have.

電離輻射也存在於我們可能接受的 X 射線和掃描等檢查中。

But those are all very low-level risks, and we're only exposed for very short periods of time.

但這些都是非常低級的風險，我們接觸的時間也很短。

It isn't a risk to use your mobile phone, and in fact, they can be life-saving devices.

使用手機並不危險，事實上，手機可以是救生設備。

So there's a lot of misconceptions around how we cook food, or food preparations, and links to cancer.

人們對如何烹飪食物或食物的製作方法以及與癌症的關係存在很多誤解。

So things like, if I heat up my food in a plastic container in the microwave, is that going to give me cancer?

像是「如果我用塑料容器在微波爐里加熱食物，會不會讓我得癌症？」

But I guess I'm kind of here to say, no, we don't have any evidence that any of those things are true.

但我想我在這裡要說的是，不會，我們沒有任何證據證明這些事情是真的。

My granny used to tell me that burning toast could increase your cancer risk.

我奶奶曾告訴我，烤麵包會增加患癌症的風險。

Well, when you burn food, what you do is you create a chemical called acrylamide, and the good news is that there is no good evidence that acrylamide causes cancer either, so you can really burn your toast on both sides if you want.

當你燃燒食物時，你會產生一種叫做丙烯酰胺的化學物質，好消息是，也沒有很好的證據表明丙烯酰胺會致癌，所以如果你願意，你真的可以把吐司兩面都燒焦。

Heating food in plastic containers, and indeed heating food in a microwave, both of those are absolutely fine.

用塑料容器加熱食物，甚至用微波爐加熱食物，這兩種方法都是完全沒問題的。

In fact, in one experiment, what some scientists did is they heated food in a plastic container for a very long time, and no chemicals transferred into the food.

事實上，在一項實驗中，一些科學家將食物放在塑料容器中長時間加熱，結果沒有化學物質轉移到食物中。

The real fact remains that actually there are not that many things that cause cancer.

事實上，真正致癌的東西並不多。

The number one thing that causes cancer, above all else, is ageing.

導致癌症的首要原因是衰老。

The older we are, the more likely we are to develop cancer.

年齡越大，患癌症的可能性就越大。

So making sure people have the right information is very important.

確保人們獲得正確的資訊非常重要。

We want to try and dispel some of the myths around cancer, so that people are not scared, that they will access services and seek help if they need to.

我們希望努力消除人們對癌症的一些誤解，讓人們不再害怕，在需要的時候能夠獲得服務和尋求幫助。

It's so important that if you have any symptoms or signs that you may be potentially worried about, or that are persistent for more than three weeks, that you please go and see your health professional,

重要的是，如果你有任何可能會讓你擔心的症狀或體徵，或症狀或體徵持續超過三週，請去看你的專業醫生，

because it's so important to get the right tests and investigations done, because we know that early diagnosis saves lives.

因為進行正確的測試和檢查非常重要，因為我們知道早期診斷可以挽救生命。