This loss of connection is so profound that the United States Surgeon General has called it a public health crisis.

這種聯繫的喪失如此嚴重，以至於美國衛生總監將其稱為公共健康危機。

Thich Nhat Hanh said, we are all connected.

Thich Nhat Hanh 說，我們都是相互聯繫的。

When you touch one thing, you are touching everything.

當你觸及一件事，你就觸及了一切。

Whatever we do has an effect on others.

無論我們做什麼，都會對他人產生影響。

Therefore, we must learn to live mindfully, to touch the peace inside each of us.

是以，我們必須學會用心生活，觸摸我們每個人內心的平和。

Psilocybin, the active ingredient in so-called magic mushrooms, is an emerging treatment that is about reconnection.

迷幻蘑菇中的有效成分--迷幻素是一種新興的治療方法，它的作用是重新連接。

As a psychiatrist at the Huntsman Mental Health Institute, I have been running clinical trials with psilocybin-assisted therapy, working specifically with two groups, patients dealing with symptoms of depression associated with a cancer diagnosis and frontline healthcare workers experiencing burnout and depression related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

作為亨茨曼心理健康研究所的一名精神病學家，我一直在進行迷幻藥輔助療法的臨床試驗，主要針對兩類人群，一類是因癌症診斷而出現抑鬱症狀的患者，另一類是因 COVID-19 大流行而出現職業倦怠和抑鬱症狀的一線醫護人員。

These two groups appear very different on the surface, but their suffering is related to a loss of connection.

這兩類人表面上看起來截然不同，但他們的痛苦都與失去聯繫有關。

Each person dealing with a cancer diagnosis is unique.

每個人在面對癌症診斷時都是獨一無二的。

However, patients face some common challenges, the uncertainty, the treatments, the impact on family and friends.

然而，患者也面臨著一些共同的挑戰：不確定性、治療、對家人和朋友的影響。

This can result in symptoms of loss, grief, depression, anger, feelings of hopelessness and isolation.

這可能導致失落、悲傷、抑鬱、憤怒、絕望和孤獨等症狀。

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened burnout in frontline healthcare providers who feel disconnected from their work, disconnected from their patients and their suffering.

COVID-19 大流行加劇了一線醫療服務提供者的職業倦怠，他們感到與工作脫節，與病人和他們的痛苦脫節。

They feel overwhelmed and inadequate.

他們感到力不從心、力不從心。

There are clear distinctions between these two groups, but there is overlap in this sense of disconnection.

這兩個群體之間有明顯的區別，但這種脫節感也有重疊之處。

Psilocybin is considered a classic psychedelic, one of a group of chemicals that acts on the serotonin system in the brain.

迷幻藥被認為是一種典型的迷幻劑，是一類作用於大腦血清素系統的化學物質之一。

The term psychedelic comes from the combination of the Greek words psyche, or mind, and delos, to reveal or make manifest.

迷幻藥一詞來自希臘語 psyche（心靈）和 delos（揭示或顯現）的組合。

So mind manifesting, or expressing this idea that these chemicals can reveal aspects of the mind that we otherwise don't have access to.

是以，心靈顯現，或者說表達這樣一種想法，即這些化學物質可以揭示我們無法接觸到的心靈的各個方面。

These chemicals cause significant changes to consciousness, including experiences that are referred to as mystical or spiritual in nature, experiences characterized by a deep sense of connection to oneself, to others, and to the world.

這些化學物質會導致意識發生重大變化，包括被稱為神祕或精神性質的體驗，這些體驗的特點是與自己、他人和世界的深刻聯繫感。

And in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the study of these compounds for therapeutic purposes.

近年來，人們再次對這些化合物的治療用途產生了濃厚的興趣。

Using psilocybin in the context of a clinical trial looks quite different than it does in other settings, such as recreational use.

在臨床試驗中使用迷幻劑與在其他情況下（如娛樂性使用）使用迷幻劑看起來完全不同。

For one thing, while classic psychedelics are remarkably safe from a medical standpoint and don't have the same potential for abuse as other substances, they nonetheless cause powerful changes to consciousness that can present risk, in particular for people with a risk of psychosis or mania.

首先，雖然從醫學角度來看，傳統的迷幻藥非常安全，而且不像其他藥物那樣有濫用的可能，但它們還是會導致意識的強烈變化，從而帶來風險，尤其是對有精神病或狂躁症風險的人來說。

This is not a treatment for everyone.

這不是一種適合所有人的治療方法。

Our studies employ a rigorous screening process to ensure that this is safe, both medically and psychiatrically.

我們的研究採用了嚴格的篩選程序，以確保這在醫學和精神病學上都是安全的。

We also embed the dosing session within a therapeutic protocol with preparation and what we call integration sessions following.

我們還將配藥環節納入治療方案，並在其後進行準備和我們稱之為整合的環節。

There are two qualities to this form of therapy that I'd like to emphasize that distinguish this intervention from anything else in psychiatry.

我想強調的是，這種治療方式有兩個特質，使其有別於精神病學中的其他干預方式。

The first is the importance of the experience itself, a reliable finding across multiple studies with psilocybin is that specific kinds of changes to consciousness, often with a single session, appear to be important for therapeutic changes.

首先是體驗本身的重要性，在對迷幻藥的多項研究中，一個可靠的發現是，特定類型的意識變化（通常只需一次治療）似乎對治療變化非常重要。

Patients report a sense of connection or the interconnectedness of all things, a sense of preciousness or sacredness to the experience, and a deep sense that this reveals something true or fundamental about the nature of reality.

患者報告說，他們有一種萬物相連或相互關聯的感覺，一種珍貴或神聖的體驗感，以及一種深刻的感覺，即這揭示了關於現實本質的一些真實或基本的東西。

The second quality is the combination of a drug administration with a therapeutic protocol.

第二個品質是將給藥與治療方案相結合。

This is not simply about taking a pill and expecting a result.

這不是簡單地吃一顆藥片就能達到的效果。

This is a form of assisted psychotherapy with specific preparation, support through the session itself, and integration following.

這是一種輔助性心理治療，需要做專門的準備，通過治療本身提供支持，並在治療後進行整合。

One's intentions matter.

一個人的意圖很重要。

A patient's mental preparation going into a session can profoundly shape the impact of the experience.

病人在治療前的心理準備會對治療效果產生深遠影響。

How these tools are employed is central to their effect.

如何使用這些工具對其效果至關重要。

One current model for understanding brain changes with psychedelic drugs examines changes in connectivity between different brain regions.

目前理解迷幻藥對大腦影響的一種模式是研究不同腦區之間連接性的變化。

With administration of psilocybin, the brain temporarily enters a state of global increase in integration and interconnection across different neural networks that are normally compartmentalized.

服用迷幻藥後，大腦會暫時進入一種全面提高整合度的狀態，通常分隔的不同神經網絡之間的相互聯繫也會增加。

Simply put, brain regions that normally don't talk to each other are now conversing.

簡而言之，通常互不交談的大腦區域現在開始對話了。

Of course, this doesn't last, but as the brain cools from this experience, previously rigid patterns of neural connectivity related to the beliefs characteristic of, say, depression are softened, given some wiggle room, some flexibility is introduced into the system.

當然，這種情況不會持久，但隨著大腦從這種經歷中冷卻下來，以前與抑鬱症等疾病的信念相關的僵化神經連接模式就會被軟化，有了一些迴旋的餘地，系統中也會引入一些靈活性。

Current models of psilocybin-assisted therapy in clinical trials involve two therapists per person through a process that is generally 20 or more hours.

目前在臨床試驗中採用的迷幻劑輔助治療模式是每人由兩名治療師進行治療，整個過程一般需要 20 個小時或更長時間。

Our research group at the University of Utah has naturally asked the question, can we do this in groups to expand the scale on which these promising treatments can be delivered?

我們猶他大學的研究小組自然而然地提出了這樣一個問題：我們能否以小組為組織、部門開展這項工作，以擴大提供這些前景廣闊的治療方法的規模？

Now, in a way, this is nothing new.

現在，在某種程度上，這已經不是什麼新鮮事了。

Psychedelics have been used in group context for millennia by indigenous groups.

千百年來，土著群體一直在群體環境中使用迷幻藥。

This includes ceremonial use of psilocybe mushrooms, San Pedro cactus, and ayahuasca, the dimethyltryptamine-containing South and Central American brew.

這包括在儀式上使用茜草蘑菇、聖佩德羅仙人掌和死藤水（一種含有二甲基色胺的南美和中美洲酒）。

But when we look at modern studies, these have focused on individuals and individual sessions.

但我們看一下現代的研究，這些研究主要集中在個人和單個療程上。

But going deeper, group process is about connection and shared experience.

但更深層次地看，小組進程是關於聯繫和共享經驗的。

If these forms of suffering we're looking at in our studies, depression associated with cancer, health care provider burnout, are characterized in part by a loss of connection.

如果我們在研究中發現的這些痛苦形式，如與癌症相關的抑鬱症、醫護人員的職業倦怠等，其部分特徵都是失去聯繫。

Exploring these tools in supported, shared experiences makes sense, potentially enhancing therapeutic aspects of group process that are already there.

在相互支持、分享經驗的過程中探索這些工具是有意義的，有可能加強小組進程中已有的治療方面。

Last year, our research group completed the HOPE trial.

去年，我們的研究小組完成了 HOPE 試驗。

This was a pilot study of group psilocybin-assisted therapy for 12 patients dealing with symptoms of depression associated with a cancer diagnosis.

這是一項試點研究，對 12 名因癌症診斷而出現抑鬱症狀的患者進行了西洛賽賓團體輔助治療。

We ran groups of four participants at a time.

我們每次安排四人一組。

Patients with cancer are a well-studied population with psilocybin in individual formats.

癌症患者是使用個別形式的迷幻藥進行過充分研究的人群。

These previous studies have shown significant and enduring therapeutic effects that have been sustained for years following even a single dosing session.

之前的這些研究表明，即使只服用一次藥物，也能產生持續數年的明顯療效。

Our study is the first modern trial to employ a full group format.

我們的研究是第一項採用完整小組形式的現代試驗。

All three of our preparatory sessions, our single eight-hour dosing session, and our three integration sessions were run as groups.

我們的三個準備環節、一個八小時的配料環節和三個整合環節都是以小組為組織、部門進行的。

This was a small study designed to look at safety and feasibility, but we found a clear signal that the group format may amplify the sense of connection that we know is important in treating depressive symptoms.

這是一項小型研究，旨在考察安全性和可行性，但我們發現了一個明確的信號，即小組形式可能會增強聯繫感，而我們知道這種聯繫感對治療抑鬱症狀非常重要。

The group format requires thoughtful preparation.

小組討論的形式需要深思熟慮的準備。

The neighbor on your right may be giggling uncontrollably, while the neighbor on your left is sobbing.

你右邊的鄰居可能會情不自禁地傻笑，而你左邊的鄰居卻在抽泣。

One mantra we use through this process is, All is welcome.

在這個過程中，我們的一句口號是：歡迎所有人。

All is welcome.

歡迎所有人参加。

We learned this mantra from Mary Cosimano, a mentor of ours at Johns Hopkins.

我們從約翰-霍普金斯大學的導師瑪麗-科西瑪諾那裡學到了這句口頭禪。

This mantra is about saying yes.

這句咒語就是說 "是"。

It is about opening up to whatever is coming up for you personally, but also what is coming up in the whole room.

這不僅是對你個人的任何事情敞開心扉，也是對整個房間的任何事情敞開心扉。

All is welcome.

歡迎所有人参加。

The processes of others around you are not a distraction.

周圍其他人的進程不會分散你的注意力。

They are there for you, and you for them.

他們為你而存在，你也為他們而存在。

In this spirit, our study used a communal music playlist played over speakers rather than individual headphones to emphasize and add to this collective experience.

本著這種精神，我們的研究使用了通過揚聲器而不是個人耳機播放的公共音樂播放列表，以強調和增加這種集體體驗。

I wonder what this would be like for all of you right now to fully welcome everything coming up in this space.

我想知道，你們現在完全歡迎這個空間裡即將出現的一切，會是什麼感覺。

Excitement for this event.

激動人心的活動

Social dynamics of a large crowd.

大型人群的社會動態。

Your private joys and sorrows.

你的私人喜怒哀樂

Your connection with a person on this stage.

你與這個舞臺上的人的聯繫。

Maybe even your anxiety.

甚至是你的焦慮。

They might screw it up.

他們可能會搞砸。

All is welcome.

歡迎所有人参加。

Our study showed that this treatment can be safely and effectively administered in a group format.

我們的研究表明，這種治療方法可以安全有效地以小組形式進行。

Our participants demonstrated significant improvement in depressive symptoms that was sustained to our final endpoint at six months.

我們的參與者在抑鬱症狀方面有了明顯改善，這種改善一直持續到 6 個月後的最終終點。

Furthermore, participants felt strongly that the group format was a critical component of their process.

此外，與會者強烈認為，小組形式是他們工作過程中的一個重要組成部分。

We are still in the early stages of understanding how to use psilocybin-assisted therapy as a tool in mental health care.

我們對如何將迷幻劑輔助療法作為精神保健工具的認識還處於早期階段。

The HOPE trial is a small step in the ongoing development of this field towards understanding how to harness and sustain the kinds of connectedness that patients experience and towards expanding access for people suffering with difficult-to-treat conditions.

HOPE 試驗是這一領域不斷髮展的一小步，它旨在瞭解如何利用和維持患者體驗到的各種聯繫，並擴大難以治療的患者的就醫機會。

What if instead of trying to fit psychedelic-assisted therapy into psychiatry, we asked, how can we make psychiatry more psychedelic?

如果我們不是試圖將迷幻藥輔助療法融入精神病學，而是問，我們怎樣才能讓精神病學更迷幻呢？

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。