Bear's ready, I'm ready, are you ready?

大熊準備好了，我準備好了，你準備好了嗎？

Be-woop!

Be-woop！

Robin Discord, why do people twitch in the middle of their sleep and scare the be-woop out of me?

羅賓-迪斯科德，為什麼人們會在睡夢中抽搐，把我嚇得屁滾尿流？

You go through different stages of sleep and when you're in your deepest stage of sleep, you actually turn off your musculoskeletal movements.

你會經歷不同的睡眠階段，而當你處於最深的睡眠階段時，你實際上會關閉你的肌肉骨骼運動。

That neurological system shuts down.

神經系統就會關閉。

But sometimes when you're going in between stages, it doesn't fully shut down and you're still in sleep and you're dreaming.

但有時，當你處於兩個階段之間時，它並沒有完全關閉，你仍然在睡眠中做夢。

So some of those movements actually do get through.

是以，其中一些運動確實得到了通過。

Bear once did that too and he kicked me.

小熊有一次也這樣，他踢了我一腳。

I was upset with him.

我對他很不滿。

What actually causes the sensation of an itch?

究竟是什麼導致了瘙癢的感覺？

Well, this is a complex process that's primarily histamine driven.

這是一個複雜的過程，主要由組胺驅動。

There is a specific type of nerve cell fiber known as a C-fiber.

有一種特殊的神經細胞纖維被稱為 C 纖維。

These are sort of the receptors that actually initiate the sensation of an itch.

這些受體實際上會引發瘙癢的感覺。

Usually a response to like a mechanical or chemical process.

通常是對機械或化學過程的反應。

It's an inflammatory response.

這是一種發炎反應。

It's a form of an inflammatory response.

這是一種發炎反應。

Discord, Naomi Multifandom, why are vaccines usually administered in the shoulder?

迪斯科德，納奧米-多凡多德，為什麼疫苗通常在肩部注射？

Well, it's a great muscle, deltoid muscle, a lot of circulation, it's quick, it's easy.

三角肌是一塊很好的肌肉，它能促進血液循環，既快又簡單。

You don't have to get really fully undressed in order to make that injection happen.

你不必真的脫光衣服就能實現注射。

Back in the day, we used to use the gluteus maximus or the buttock.

過去，我們使用臀大肌或臀部。

Now it's a little bit invasive and it's easier to just go in the shoulder and do the same thing.

現在，這有點侵入性，只需在肩部做同樣的事情就更容易了。

YouTube, The House Office, why are you a fluffy cinnamon roll I must protect?

YouTube，眾議院辦公室，你為什麼是一個蓬鬆的肉桂卷，我必須保護？

First of all, I ain't no cinnamon roll, okay?

首先，我不是肉桂卷，好嗎？

The reason I ain't no cinnamon roll is because while I am delicious, I am healthy.

我之所以不是肉桂卷，是因為我不僅美味，而且健康。

I'm like a doctor?

我像個醫生？

I even sense it's coming.

我甚至能感覺到它的到來。

Yeah, but you don't know what direction it's coming from.

是的，但你不知道它是從哪個方向來的。

There's no preparing.

沒有準備。

You don't know what the word is gonna be.

你不知道這個詞會是什麼。

You can't get ready for something like that.

你無法為這樣的事情做好準備。

What can cause a constant ringing in someone's ears other than loud music noise?

除了嘈雜的音樂聲，還有什麼原因會導致耳鳴？

What can get rid of it?

怎樣才能消除它？

This is really interesting because tinnitus is a constant ringing in the ears and it can be a ringing, it can be a buzzing, it's all sorts of sounds that can happen.

這真的很有趣，因為耳鳴是一種持續的耳內響聲，可以是鈴聲，也可以是嗡嗡聲，各種聲音都有可能發生。

And a lot of times the reason why my patients come in is as a result of cerumen impaction or earwax blockages.

很多時候，患者來就診的原因是耵聹堵塞或耳垢堵塞。

Another thing that causes it is sensorineural hearing loss.

另一個原因是感音神經性聽力損失。

You actually develop hearing loss for one of many different reasons.

實際上，聽力損失的原因有很多。

And as a result of losing actual hearing, you start hearing ringing in your ears, which is manufactured by the actual nerve that transmits the sound.

失去聽力的結果就是耳鳴，而耳鳴是由傳遞聲音的神經造成的。

A lot of people think it means you're hearing something.

很多人認為這意味著你聽到了什麼。

It actually could be a form of hearing loss.

實際上，這可能是一種聽力損失。

That's why it's very important to always get it checked out.

是以，定期檢查非常重要。

Discord Ariel, a lot of medical shows, movies you see med students shocked at being exposed to cadavers for the first time.

Discord Ariel，在很多醫學節目和電影中，你都能看到醫科學生第一次接觸屍體時的震驚。

Does this ever happen in real life where seeing a dead person for the first time, a med student will get sick or faint?

在現實生活中，第一次看到死人的醫學生會生病或暈倒嗎？

Yeah, it happens.

是啊，這種事時有發生。

Also the fumes of the formaldehyde are pretty stenchy.

此外，甲醛的煙霧也非常臭。

I don't know if that's a word, but I was kind of in awe the first time that I saw them.

我不知道這算不算是一個詞，但我第一次看到它們時，我有點敬畏。

But the scary part was when I was studying for an exam late Friday night, that was for an exam on Monday, being alone in a cadaver lab in the dark, hearing noises, thunderstorm outside.

但最可怕的是我在週五深夜複習考試時，那是為了週一的考試，我一個人在黑暗的屍體實驗室裡，聽到外面雷雨交加的聲音。

No bueno.

No bueno.

Discord Jess Michio, I always get a runny nose because of spicy food.

Discord Jess Michio，我吃辣總是流鼻涕。

What is that about?

這是怎麼回事？

That is about capsaicin.

這與辣椒素有關。

It is a nutrient that is found in spicy foods that actually binds to specific receptors in your body, giving you the sensation of burning.

辛辣食物中含有一種營養物質，它實際上會與人體內的特定受體結合，讓人產生灼燒感。

There's no actual burning happening.

沒有真正的燃燒發生。

It's tricking your body to think it's on fire.

這是在欺騙你的身體，讓它以為自己著火了。

And as a result, your body protect itself by trying to lubricate the area, releasing mucus, et cetera.

是以，你的身體會通過試圖潤滑該區域、釋放粘液等方式來保護自己。

It's a great way to clear your sinuses, by the way.

順便說一句，這是清除鼻竇的好方法。

I'm considering buying a posture corrector.

我正在考慮買一個姿勢矯正器。

Do they really work?

它們真的有用嗎？

Generally speaking here, I would say no.

一般來說，我會說不。

I want you, when you come in with a poor posture, is to figure out A, what's causing it, and B, to actually allow your body to fix it.

我希望你在出現不良姿勢時，首先要弄清楚是什麼原因導致了不良姿勢，其次要讓你的身體來修復不良姿勢。

Or if it's bad enough posture for an anatomical concern, refer you to an orthopedic specialist to figure out why that's happening.

或者，如果你的姿勢很糟糕，有解剖學方面的問題，可以讓你去看骨科專家，找出原因。

Posture correctors almost end up doing more harm than good in many cases, where they weaken your core muscles, your stability muscles, and as a result, making you more likely to get injured.

在很多情況下，姿勢矯正器幾乎是弊大於利，它們會削弱你的核心肌肉和穩定肌肉，從而使你更容易受傷。

There are certain ones on the market for specific conditions that may work, but I would generally try and stay away unless your doctor absolutely recommends them.

市場上有一些針對特定病症的藥物可能有效，但除非醫生絕對推薦，否則我一般會盡量避免使用。

Discord Kristen G.

Discord Kristen G.

What up, Discord?

怎麼樣，迪斯科德？

For those of you who don't know, we have a private Discord where we chat.

對於那些不知道的人，我們有一個私人 Discord，在那裡我們可以哈拉。

Patreon members only, sign up down below.

僅限 Patreon 會員，請在下方註冊。

What's the best way to get electrolytes after a hard workout without adding sugar?

在劇烈運動後補充電解質而不加糖的最佳方法是什麼？

Electrolytes are not added through sugar.

電解質不是通過糖添加的。

Electrolytes are essentially salts that your body needs to function.

電解質本質上是人體運作所需的鹽分。

And the way that you get these is by eating foods or beverages that contain those electrolytes.

而獲得這些電解質的方法就是食用含有這些電解質的食物或飲料。

Sodium doesn't taste great after a workout, but after a grueling one, it really does help you absorb the water and stay more hydrated.

運動後，鈉的味道並不好，但在劇烈運動後，它確實能幫助你吸收水分，保持更多水分。

Back in the day, they used to use pickle juice.

過去，他們使用醃黃瓜汁。

Sure, tastes good too.

當然，味道也不錯。

Not bad.

還不錯。

I like it.

我喜歡

I like pickles.

我喜歡醃黃瓜。

Still?

還在嗎？

Is there a way for a civilian to test and see what kind of nutrients their body has a lot or little of?

是否有辦法讓平民檢測出他們體內的營養成分是多是少？

I'm always confused about what to eat and it would be great to know if I'm eating too much or too little of something.

我總是不知道該吃什麼，如果能知道我吃的東西是多了還是少了，那就太好了。

Currently, there's no such thing on the market.

目前，市場上還沒有這樣的產品。

Yes, we can do specific blood tests to see if you're low on certain vitamins or if you're anemic and things like that.

是的，我們可以進行特定的血液化驗，看看你是否缺乏某種維生素或是否貧血，等等。

But generally, we don't screen for these things.

但一般情況下，我們不會對這些東西進行篩查。

If you feel great and you have no symptoms, there's no point looking for them.

如果你感覺很好，也沒有任何症狀，那就沒有必要去尋找它們。

Because a lot of times, if you feel good and your lab value is a little bit off, we still decide not to treat the value.

因為很多時候，如果你感覺良好，但化驗值有一點偏差，我們還是會決定不進行治療。

Because the reality is we treat the patient, not the lab values.

因為現實情況是，我們治療的是病人，而不是化驗結果。

Why do our stomachs growl?

為什麼我們的肚子會咕咕叫？

Usually because they're angry.

通常是因為他們很生氣。

No, I'm kidding.

不，我在開玩笑。

The reason they growl is because of peristalsis.

它們咆哮的原因是蠕動。

The muscles in the stomach actually try and churn the food in order to act as a form of mechanical digestion.

實際上，胃部的肌肉會嘗試攪動食物，以起到機械消化的作用。

Because remember, there's multiple types of digestion.

因為請記住，消化有多種類型。

There's chemical, mechanical, mechanical being chewing, peristalsis, the stomach churning, and that makes a growling noise.

有化學的、機械的，機械的是咀嚼、蠕動、胃部攪動，從而發出咆哮聲。

Also, remember, when you're dealing with foods and there's bacteria inside our gut, there's also gases released.

此外，請記住，當你處理食物時，我們腸道內的細菌也會釋放氣體。

That gas, as it makes its way through the digestive system, can make those noises.

這些氣體在通過消化系統時，會發出這些聲音。

And then at the end of the day, we fart.

最後，我們就放屁。

Lance McPhee, YouTube.

蘭斯-麥克菲，YouTube。

How often should you shower and wash your hair?

多久洗一次澡和頭髮？

I have this argument so often because there are people who say you have to shower every single day and wash your hair every single day.

我經常有這樣的爭論，因為有人說你必須每天洗澡，每天洗頭。

And that is, in fact, not reality.

而事實上，這並不是現實。

The decision to wash your hair should really be an individualized one, a holistic one.

洗頭應該是一個個性化的整體決定。

Meaning that, yes, if your hair is very greasy or your scalp is itchy or there's a lot of dandruff, maybe a good reason to wash your hair.

也就是說，如果你的頭髮非常油膩、頭皮發癢或有很多頭皮屑，也許是洗頭的好理由。

Yes, if you come home and you're smelly from the gym, please shower.

是的，如果你從健身房回家後渾身臭烘烘的，請洗個澡。

But otherwise, if you just had a normal day, it's not absolutely mandatory that you shower.

但除此之外，如果你只是度過了普通的一天，也不是絕對一定要洗澡。

And it's not absolutely mandatory that you need to use shampoo.

使用洗髮水也不是絕對必須的。

And depending on your hair type also decides how often you should be washing your hair.

髮質的不同也決定了洗頭的頻率。

Those with very fine hair, maybe every day, every other day.

頭髮很細的人，可能每天或隔天一次。

Those with more textured hair can go several days without washing their hair.

髮質較好的人可以幾天不洗頭。

But know that the more often you wash your hair, the more that you actually take off some of those important oils off of your scalp.

但要知道，洗頭次數越多，頭皮上的重要油脂實際上就會流失得越多。

You can actually cause damage, more irritation, dry out your hair, et cetera, et cetera.

實際上，你可能會造成損害、更多刺激、使頭髮乾枯等等。

When it comes to showering, same thing.

洗澡時也一樣。

Your skin doesn't like hot water.

你的皮膚不喜歡熱水

Your skin doesn't like having soap all over it all the time.

你的皮膚不喜歡總是沾滿肥皂。

In fact, your shower should be really, ideally short.

事實上，你的淋浴時間最好真的很短。

Like three or four minutes, just focusing on like your groin, your armpits.

大概三四分鐘，重點放在腹股溝和腋窩。

That's about it.

僅此而已。

Why do so many people set a step goal count of 10K a day?

為什麼這麼多人把每天的步數目標設定為 10K？

Is there any scientific reason for this?

這有什麼科學依據嗎？

Yeah, the 10K thing doesn't really mean much.

是啊，10K 這件事其實沒什麼意義。

Look, however, whatever way you choose to get active, it will be healthy for you.

不過，無論你選擇哪種運動方式，都會對你的健康有益。

If you're increasing from 5K steps to 7K steps, amazing.

如果你的步數從 5K 步增加到 7K 步，那就太棒了。

If you've been working out one day a week and you've gone to three days a week, amazing.

如果你從每週鍛鍊一天變成了每週鍛鍊三天，那就太棒了。

I will never be that rigid doctor that's like, oh, I see by your watch here, you've averaged 9,999.9 steps.

我永遠不會成為那種死板的醫生，比如，哦，我看你的手錶，你平均走了 9999.9 步。

I'm disappointed.

我很失望。

It's time for me to cut you as a patient.

是時候讓我把你當作病人來對待了。

Is eating burnt food bad for you?

吃燒焦的食物對身體有害嗎？

Actually, it is, Neko Mooser.

事實上是的，Neko Mooser。

You actually create all these cancer-causing chemicals when you eat burnt foods.

實際上，當你吃燒焦的食物時，就會產生所有這些致癌化學物質。

So ideally, you wanna stay away from charred as much as possible.

是以，在理想情況下，應儘量避免燒焦。

In fact, marinating your meats help prevent some of those hydrocarbons and other toxic nutrients from forming.

事實上，醃製肉類有助於防止碳氫化合物和其他有毒營養物質的形成。

They're not even nutrients, chemicals from forming.

它們甚至不是營養物質，而是形成的化學物質。

Actually, eating greens with your meats helps decrease some of the cancer-causing minerals as well.

事實上，在吃肉的同時吃綠色蔬菜也有助於減少一些致癌礦物質。

Keep calling them different things, nutrients, minerals.

繼續把它們叫做不同的東西，營養素、礦物質。

They're chemicals.

它們是化學品。

Seaweed time.

海藻時間

Does banging one's head from the side actually shake water out from your ears or is that something they do in cartoons?

從側面敲打頭部是否真的會把耳朵裡的水震出來，還是卡通片裡才會這麼做？

Don't bang your head.

不要撞頭

That's how concussions happen.

腦震盪就是這樣發生的。

Just jump.

跳吧

And the gravity will do the trick.

地心引力會起到作用。

If someone gets stabbed in the stomach, will the stomach acid seep out into their body and start dissolving their organs?

如果有人被刺中胃部，胃酸會不會滲入他的體內，開始溶解他的器官？

Yeah.

是啊

It's very problematic when someone has a stomach injury.

如果有人胃部受傷，問題就大了。

It won't completely dissolve their organs, but it'll cause damage.

它不會完全溶解他們的器官，但會造成損害。

It'll cause a peritonitis.

它會引起腹膜炎。

HyperShadowSniper76, when you're performing chest compressions, you break the ribs, right?

HyperShadowSniper76 在進行胸外按壓時，你會折斷肋骨，對嗎？

Couldn't that broken rib puncture an organ below because you're putting so much pressure on it?

斷裂的肋骨會不會因為壓力過大而刺穿下面的器官？

You can, but guess what?

你可以，但你猜怎麼著？

If you're performing chest compressions, that person's already dead and you're trying to bring them back to life.

如果你在做胸外按壓，那人已經死了，你要做的是讓他起死回生。

So anything you can do to continue their time by circulating the blood that's already in the circulatory system that has some oxygen left, you're buying them some extra added survival time.

是以，只要能讓循環系統中還有氧氣的血液循環起來，延長他們的生存時間，就能為他們爭取到額外的生存時間。

That's why you don't do chest compressions on people who are alive.

這就是為什麼不對活著的人進行胸外按壓。

Tara Discord, is there a way to suppress my gag reflex?

塔拉-迪斯科德，有辦法抑制我的吞嚥反射嗎？

I literally gag every time I brush my teeth.

每次刷牙我都會咽口水。

I had a patient tell me the exact same thing.

有個病人也跟我說了同樣的話。

What I told him is, this is kind of a weird trick, put his thumb, tuck his thumb underneath his fist when he's brushing his teeth.

我告訴他，這是個怪招，刷牙時把大拇指塞進拳頭下面。

And for some reason, this worked very well for him.

出於某種原因，這對他來說非常奏效。

Easy enough to try, but if it's happening quite often, seeing your doctor and figuring out if everything's okay in your oral cavity is probably a smart move.

這很容易嘗試，但如果經常出現這種情況，最好去看醫生，看看口腔是否一切正常。

Sam Bowers, from three feet away, you said there's a much higher fiber content eating a fruit itself as opposed to just drinking the juice.

山姆-鮑爾斯，在三英尺之外，你說吃水果本身的纖維含量要比只喝果汁高得多。

Do I also lose a lot of fiber in homemade smoothie because the fruit is getting broken down by a blender or does the blender not break it down enough to alter the fiber volume?

自制冰沙中的纖維也會大量流失，是因為水果被攪拌機分解了，還是攪拌機的分解程度不足以改變纖維的含量？

Good question, you Sam.

問得好，山姆。

And the answer is yes.

答案是肯定的。

The beginning of that mechanical digestion by your smoothie actually does decrease some of that fiber content because your body has to do less work now.

冰沙開始進行機械消化時，確實會減少一些纖維含量，因為你的身體現在需要做的工作更少了。

Thanks, Dr. Mike.

謝謝，邁克博士。

I watched the office medical scenes and reacted to them right here.

我觀看了辦公室的醫療場景，並在這裡做出了反應。

I bet you didn't know that they did chest compressions on the office.

我打賭你不知道他們在辦公室做胸外按壓。

CPR, CPR.

心肺復甦術，心肺復甦術

As always, stay happy and healthy.

一如既往，保持健康快樂。

♪ Get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it ♪ ♪ Get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it ♪

♪ Get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it ♪ Get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it ♪ Get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it, get it ♪