Name: 潛艇如何在 36201 英尺的深海中生存 (How Submarines Survive at 36,201 Feet Below)
Uploaded: 2024-06-14T04:01:25.000Z
Duration: 7 min 9 s

轉承詞

Welcome to Half as Interesting, where today, we're getting deep—36,201 feet deep, specifically, and I'm not giving you a metric conversion for that because either way, it's unfathomable.

歡迎收看 "一半有趣"，今天我們將深入到 36 201 英尺深的海底，具體來說，我不會給你公制換算，因為無論如何，這都是深不可測的。

程度副詞

但為了好玩，這裡用的是 "噚"。

That's the depth at the ocean's lowest point, located here, and named Challenger

這是海洋最低點的深度，位於這裡，被命名為挑戰者號

Which is nice, I guess, but if I'm a boat, the last thing I want named after me is the deepest point on the ocean floor—just one boat's opinion.

我想這很好，但如果我是一艘船，我最不希望以我的名字命名的是海底最深的地方--這只是一艘船的想法。

Challenger Deep is about seven miles down, or fine, like 11 kilometers, and it looks like this because no light gets there.

挑戰者深淵向下大約 7 英里，也就是 11 千米，它看起來是這樣的，因為沒有光照到那裡。

It's so deep that you could sack Angel Falls, the Burj Khalifa, the Great Pyramid, the Louvre

它是如此之深，以至於你可以把天使瀑布、哈利法塔、大金字塔和盧浮宮裝入袋中

Pyramid, the tallest sequoia tree, Big Ben, all three members of Destiny's Child, and the entirety of Mount Everest in there without breaking the surface.

金字塔、最高的紅杉樹、大本鐘、"命運之子 "樂隊的所有三位成員，以及整個珠穆朗瑪峰都在其中，而不會露出地面。

The water is always just above freezing and, as a fun bonus, the water above it exerts almost 16,000 pounds per square inch of pressure on anything down there, so it's not what

這裡的水溫總是略高於冰點，而且還有一個有趣的好處，就是上面的水對下面的任何東西都會產生每平方英寸近 16000 磅的壓力，所以這裡的水溫並不高。

But nevertheless, somewhere between 27 and 40 people have stopped by since the first successful expedition in 1960.

儘管如此，自 1960 年首次成功探險以來，大約有 27 到 40 人到過這裡。

How have so many people managed to visit such an inhospitable place?

為什麼會有這麼多人來到如此荒涼的地方？

Nope, most Challenger Deep missions trace back to everyone's favorite group, eccentric rich guys.

不，大多數 "挑戰者深淵 "任務都可以追溯到大家最喜歡的那群人--古怪的有錢人。

The US Navy takes credit for the first one, but its co-pilot, Jack Picard, built the ship with his father using money from a bunch of European industrialists, then sold it to the

美國海軍為第一艘飛船立下了汗馬功勞，但它的副駕駛傑克-皮卡德（Jack Picard）和他的父親利用歐洲一些實業家提供的資金建造了這艘飛船，然後賣給了美國海軍。

Navy on the condition that he would still get to drive it.

海軍的條件是，他仍然可以駕駛這輛車。

The next person went 52 years later, and it was James Cameron, who directed Titanic, and is somehow still not afraid of the sea, and today, the vast majority of successful Challenger

下一個去的人是 52 年後的詹姆斯-卡梅隆，他曾執導過《泰坦尼克號》，不知何故至今仍不懼怕大海。

Deep missions happen on a submarine built for private equity investor and lover of highly specific vehicles, Victor Vescovo.

深海任務發生在一艘為私募股權投資人和特殊交通工具愛好者維克多-維斯科沃建造的潛艇上。

Of humanity's 22 trips to Challenger Deep between January 1960 and July 2022, 19 of them were on that submarine, the limiting factor, and we're getting to the bottom of how it gets to the bottom of this.

從1960年1月到2022年7月，人類前往挑戰者深淵的22次旅行中，有19次是乘坐這艘潛艇，這也是限制因素，我們正在探究它是如何到達這個底部的。

The limiting factor cost $37 million and was designed, built, and tested all over the world for about four years before its first expedition.

該限制因素耗資 3700 萬美元，在首次探險前的大約四年時間裡，在世界各地進行了設計、建造和測試。

The core of the thing is a big sphere with 9-centimeter-thick titanium walls and a 59-inch, or 1.5-meter, diameter interior.

它的核心是一個大球體，有 9 釐米厚的鈦金屬壁，內部直徑為 59 英寸或 1.5 米。

They chose a titanium grade V ingot for the walls because it offered corrosion resistance and a good strength-to-weight ratio—it's also got three domed acrylic windows passengers can look through.

他們選擇了 V 級鈦錠作為牆體材料，因為這種材料具有耐腐蝕性和良好的強度重量比。

When assembled, the hull is within 99.933% accuracy of a perfect sphere, which keeps the pressure evenly distributed across its surface.

組裝後，船體與完美球體的精確度達到 99.933%，從而使壓力均勻地分佈在船體表面。

It's also pretty darn impressive—have you ever tried to roll play-doh into a perfect sphere?

它還非常令人印象深刻--你試過把橡皮泥搓成一個完美的球體嗎？

Have you ever tried doing the same thing with a titanium grade V ingot?

您試過用 V 級鈦錠做同樣的事情嗎？

Before hitting the mighty Pacific, they needed to prove the hull could withstand some of the greatest pressure on Earth.

在撞擊強大的太平洋之前，他們需要證明船體能夠承受地球上最大的壓力。

Unfortunately, the team couldn't get a titanium ball into an air traffic control job or a middle school game of truth or dare, so they did the next best thing—send it to a state research center in St. Petersburg, Russia, one of the only places with machines capable of this high pressure of a pressure test.

遺憾的是，研究小組無法讓鈦球參加空中交通管制工作或中學的真心話大冒險遊戲，於是他們做了下一個最好的辦法--把它送到俄羅斯聖彼得堡的一個國家研究中心，那裡是唯一擁有能夠進行如此高壓壓力測試的機器的地方之一。

Other components of the limiting factor were made in the UK, Germany, Spain, and Australia, and in the US everywhere from Florida to North Carolina to Wisconsin and beyond, which is to say, despite its name, cost, convenience, and transport distance were not limiting factors in building the limiting factor.

限制因素的其他組件是在英國、德國、西班牙和澳洲製造的，而在美國，從佛羅里達州到北卡羅來納州再到威斯康星州，甚至更遠的地方都有製造，也就是說，儘管它的名字叫限制因素，但成本、便利性和運輸距離並不是製造限制因素的限制因素。

The pilot gets a joystick and touchscreen to drive with, a bunch of computers to look at stuff, and one of two chairs to sit in that, don't worry, I've confirmed are both ergonomic and have enough room to stash a tuna sandwich under—presumably other sandwiches would fit too, but I haven't been able to verify.

駕駛員有一個操縱桿和觸摸屏來駕駛，還有一堆電腦用來看東西，以及兩把椅子中的一把，別擔心，我已經確認這兩把椅子都符合人體工程學原理，並且有足夠的空間在下面放一個金槍魚三明治--估計其他三明治也能放得下，但我還沒來得及驗證。

The hull sits in this big ol' box, and when it's exploring time, an air-filled chamber above the entry hatch fills with water, and it starts sinking down at about one to two knots.

船體被裝在這個大盒子裡，到了探險時間，入口艙口上方的一個充滿空氣的艙室就會注滿水，然後以大約一到兩節的速度開始下沉。

There's a layer of syntactic foam that adds some positive buoyancy to the whole thing, and because it's above the hull, it keeps the sub upright.

有一層合成保麗龍為整個潛水器增加了一些正浮力，由於它位於船體上方，是以能使潛水器保持直立。

On the side, thrusters allow omnidirectional movement.

在側面，推進器可以實現全方位移動。

On the top, tracking and communications equipment keeps the sub in contact with the mothership, but the pilot has to check in with every 15 minutes.

在頂部，跟蹤和通信設備使潛水器與母船保持聯繫，但飛行員必須每隔 15 分鐘向母船報告一次。

After four hours, it's time to slow the descent, so the pilot starts dropping 20 weights, each weighing 5 kilograms, one at a time, so the sub becomes positively buoyant by the time it's near the seafloor.

四小時後，是時候放慢下降速度了，於是飛行員開始投放 20 個重物，每個重 5 公斤，一次投放一個，這樣潛水器在接近海底時就會產生正浮力。

I say near the seafloor, because the limiting factor doesn't actually touch the ground at Challenger Deep—it travels all that way to hover just above, which is both very disappointing and very smart.

我之所以說是在海底附近，是因為在挑戰者深淵，限制因子實際上並沒有接觸到地面，而是一直在上面盤旋，這既令人失望，又非常聰明。

See, on the first expedition to Challenger Deep, they landed the submarine on the ground and kicked up so much sediment that it blocked all the windows and nobody saw anything.

你看，在對挑戰者深淵的第一次探險中，他們把潛水艇降落在地面上，激起了大量的沉積物，把所有的窗戶都堵住了，沒有人看到任何東西。

So at depth, the limiting factor makes itself just a little bit floaty, then uses the thrusters to push itself ever so slightly down to stay near the floor without disturbing it.

是以，在深度上，限制因子會讓自己稍微漂浮起來，然後利用推進器將自己稍微向下推，以保持在地面附近，而不會對地面造成干擾。

It's got cameras to capture footage, LED lights so you can see stuff out the windows, and a robot arm to collect research samples—though there's not much to see out those windows, except apparently a few freaky little fish things and a plastic bag.

它有攝像頭拍攝畫面，有 LED 燈讓你可以看到窗外的東西，還有一個機械臂用來採集研究樣本--不過窗外也沒什麼好看的，除了幾條奇怪的小魚和一個塑膠袋。

Can you believe freaky little fish things produce and discard single-use plastics?

你相信怪異的小魚會生產和丟棄一次性塑膠嗎？

On the bottom of the limiting factor, there's a big steel weight, and when it's time to surface, the pilot drops that weight to start the sub's ascent.

在限制因素的底部，有一個很大的鋼製重物，當要浮出水面時，駕駛員會放下重物，開始潛水器的上升。

Because the weight's held on by an electromagnet, it'll drop and start the ascent automatically if the sub loses power.

由於重物是由電磁鐵固定的，是以如果潛水器失去動力，重物就會自動下降並開始上升。

It'll also drop if the sub detects that the pilot is either passed out or dead.

如果潛艇檢測到飛行員昏迷或死亡，它也會下降。

There are also 12 backup batteries, 96 hours of emergency life support, and several other failsafe features that ensure nothing… um… bad happens.

此外，還有 12 塊備用電池、96 小時緊急生命支持和其他一些故障保護功能，可確保不會發生......嗯......糟糕的事情。

All these features and more are how, after a 52-year gap between the first Challenger

所有這些功能以及更多，都是在第一代挑戰者

Deep expeditions, and a seven-year gap between James Cameron's and Victor Vescovo's first, the gap between the limiting factor's first trip and its second was four days, and between its second and third, another four days, then it did 12 in the next two years.

在詹姆斯-卡梅隆和維克多-維斯科沃的第一次深海探險之間，相隔了 7 年。"極限因子 "的第一次探險與第二次探險之間相隔 4 天，第二次探險與第三次探險之間又相隔 4 天。

As for why it did all that, I don't know, doesn't seem like that fun of a place to go.

至於它為什麼要這麼做，我也不知道，好像不是什麼好玩的地方。

老實說，我更願意看到其中的任何一個。

If you want to get to the bottom of the ocean, you need a specialized, multi-million dollar submersible.

如果你想潛入海底，你需要一艘價值數百萬美元的專業潛水器。

But if you want to get to the bottom of the news, all you need is this video's sponsor,

但是，如果你想了解新聞的真相，你所需要的就是這段視頻的贊助商、

As our media landscape has gotten more online, more fragmented, and more algorithm-driven, outlets have been rewarded for catering to more specific audiences.

隨著我們的媒體環境越來越網絡化、碎片化和算法化，媒體因迎合了更多特定閱聽人而獲得了回報。

Ground News helps you understand that bias and find the real story amidst all the noise.

地面新聞》幫助您瞭解這種偏見，並在所有噪音中找到真實的故事。

For example, if, hypothetically, you've been googling submarines a lot lately, maybe you came across a story about a certain former president running his mouth about the US's nuclear submarines.

例如，假設你最近經常上網搜索潛艇，也許你會看到某個前總統對美國核潛艇大放厥詞的故事。

When you go to Ground News, you can find the story, and the story behind the story—all 112 articles they've found about the incident, the full bias distribution of the story itself.

當您訪問 Ground News 時，您可以找到這個故事，以及故事背後的故事--他們找到的關於該事件的全部 112 篇文章，以及故事本身的全部偏差分佈。

46% of reporting outlets lean left, while only 24% lean right.

46%的報道機構偏左，只有 24% 的報道機構偏右。

You can even see the average political leanings of each outlet, the factuality rating of these outlets, and who owns these outlets.

您甚至可以看到每個媒體的平均政治傾向、這些媒體的事實性評級以及這些媒體的所有者。

But my favorite part of each story has to be Ground News' new comparison feature, that highlights key differences in reporting.

但每篇報道中我最喜歡的還是 Ground News 的新對比功能，它能突出報道中的關鍵差異。

Here you can see that left-leaning outlets focused on Anthony Pratt's role in sharing sensitive information, while the right focused on the Mar-a-Lago investigation.

在這裡你可以看到，左翼媒體關注安東尼-普拉特在共享敏感資訊中的作用，而右翼媒體則關注馬阿拉歌調查。

In an instant, you can see who wants you to know about this, who doesn't, how different outlets frame it, and whether you're being informed, or just tricked for clicks.

瞬間，你就能知道誰想讓你知道這件事，誰不想讓你知道這件事，不同的媒體是如何渲染這件事的，你是被告知了這件事，還是隻是被騙了點擊量。

To understand the bias shaping your media diet, you can get a 30% discount on a Ground

要了解影響您媒體飲食的偏見，您可以享受《地面》雜誌 30% 的折扣。

News Vantage subscription by heading to ground.news slash half as interesting, or clicking the link in the description.

請訪問 ground.news slash half as interesting 或點擊描述中的鏈接訂閱 News Vantage。

 And when you do, you'll both support this channel and an independent news platform working to make the media landscape more transparent.

如果您這樣做了，您既是對本頻道的支持，也是對致力於使媒體環境更加透明的獨立新聞平臺的支持。