Why does it matter?

這有什麼關係？

It's great.

太棒了

I mean, look, it's this small, you know,

我的意思是，你看，就這麼小，你知道的、

I can't remember the size.

我不記得尺寸了。

It's like the size of Connecticut and, you know, it's a small, amazing geography.

它就像康涅狄格州那麼大，你知道，這是一個小而神奇的地理區域。

Very mountainous.

多山

The tallest mountain in East Asia is not Mount Fuji.

東亞最高的山不是富士山。

It is actually Yushan Jade Mountain in Taiwan.

它其實就是臺灣的玉山。

And then you have these beaches and you've got, you know, this tropical sort of climate that meets some of the biggest urban centers in the world.

這裡有海灘，有熱帶氣候，有世界上最大的城市中心。

You know, roughly 25 million or so people, many of them of Chinese heritage.

你知道，大約有 2500 萬左右的人口，其中許多是華裔。

So why does it matter?

這有什麼關係呢？

So it matters because of geography.

是以，地理位置很重要。

It matters because of democracy.

它之所以重要，是因為民主。

And it matters because of economics, okay?

這與經濟學有關，好嗎？

It matters for us here in the United States.

這對我們美國很重要。

Geographically, what the Chinese Communist Party views Taiwan rightly, in fact, General MacArthur,

從地理位置上看，中國共產黨所認為的臺灣，其實就是麥克阿瑟將軍、

Douglas MacArthur would agree with this assessment.

道格拉斯-麥克阿瑟會同意這一評價。

And in fact, he made a similar assessment all the way back in 1950 after World War II.

事實上，早在二戰結束後的 1950 年，他就做出過類似的評估。

He said, if Formosa, which was the old Portuguese name for Taiwan, if it were to fall to a hostile government, it would become a springboard for aggression throughout the region.

他說，福爾摩沙是葡萄牙人對臺灣的舊稱，如果福爾摩沙落入敵對政府之手，它將成為侵略整個地區的跳板。

And in fact, it had already been that.

而事實上，情況早已如此。

The Japanese, Imperial Japan had controlled Taiwan from 1895 all the way for 50 years till the end of World War II.

日本帝國主義從 1895 年開始控制檯灣，直至第二次世界大戰結束，長達 50 年之久。

And they used it as a springboard to move into Southeast Asia, particularly when World War II kicked up.

他們以此為跳板，進軍東南亞，尤其是在第二次世界大戰爆發後。

1940, 41, the Japanese were promoting this idea of a greater East Asian co-prosperity sphere.

1940 年、1941 年，日本人一直在宣傳擴大東亞共榮圈的理念。

I know that's a mouthful, but what it was, it was the Japanese government saying, we're going to dominate Asia.

我知道這很拗口，但日本政府說，我們要稱霸亞洲。

No one else, we don't want Western colonial powers anywhere near this, but we also don't want those countries to run themselves.

沒有其他人，我們不希望西方殖民國家靠近這裡，但我們也不希望這些國家自己管理自己。

So it was an involuntary invasion of Japan's neighbors.

是以，這是日本對鄰國的非自願入侵。

And they said, well, this is going to be great for everyone.

他們說，這對大家都好。

We're going to be on top.

我們將一馬當先

It's a new empire that we run, but we'll take care of the economics.

我們經營的是一個新帝國，但我們會處理好經濟問題。

We'll take care of the security and so forth.

我們會負責安保等工作。

In fact, what it did was it kicked up massive response, you know, antibodies to this approach.

事實上，它所做的就是激起了大量的反應，你知道，對這種方法的抗體。

Millions were killed in China under that period.

在那個時期，中國有數百萬人被殺害。

There were millions killed throughout Southeast Asia.

整個東南亞有數百萬人被殺害。

And then of course the United States comes into the war after Pearl Harbor in late 1941.

當然，1941 年底珍珠港事件之後，美國也加入了戰爭。

The rest is history.

剩下的就是歷史了。

China's following a similar model to the Japanese model of 1940.

中國所遵循的模式與 1940 年的日本模式類似。

Xi Jinping has even given speeches.

習近平甚至發表過演講。

I don't know whether he knows, has a sense of irony about this or not, or whether he's even aware, but he gave a big speech in Shanghai.

我不知道他是否知道，是否對此有一種諷刺感，或者他是否意識到，但他在上海發表了一次重要講話。

One of his Politburo members just last week gave another speech, Zhao Leji, talking about the importance of Asia remaining in control of Asians, by which he means Beijing.

就在上週，他的一位政治局委員趙樂際發表了另一篇講話，談到亞洲繼續由亞洲人（他指的是北京）掌控的重要性。

It was Tokyo in 1940.

那是 1940 年的東京。

But it is very similar language to what we heard when the Japanese were promoting a greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere, which was an empire.

但這與我們在日本人推動大東亞共榮圈時聽到的語言非常相似，那是一個帝國。

So do you mention the size of Taiwan?

那麼，你提到臺灣的面積了嗎？

Sounds like a speck.

聽起來像個斑點。

Why is it positionally advantageous?

為什麼它具有位置優勢？

If you look at the map from the perspective of China and you're looking eastward,

如果你從中國的角度看地圖，並向東看、

American strategists during the Cold War used to describe it the way that Chinese strategists now describe it, which is the first island chain that prevents Beijing from expeditionary sort of projection of military force.

冷戰時期的美國戰略家曾用中國戰略家現在的方式來描述它，即第一島鏈阻止了北京遠征式的軍事力量投射。

And so if you look, it's the Aleutian Islands, which are part of Alaska, comes down to the Japanese islands and down to the Ryukyu Islands where Okinawa is, also Japanese islands.

是以，如果你看一下，阿留申群島（阿拉斯加的一部分）一直延伸到日本列島，再延伸到沖繩所在的琉球群島，也是日本列島。

And then right in the middle, you've got Taiwan, and then it continues on to the archipelago of the Philippine Islands.

正中間是臺灣，然後一直延伸到菲律賓群島。

So you've got basically democracies that hem in Beijing's military ambitions.

是以，基本上民主國家都對北京的軍事野心嗤之以鼻。

And for China to send a bomber or a ship or even a submarine through that first island chain, they have to go through, in essence, a gateway of democracies that are, by and large, allied with the United States.

中國要想派轟炸機、艦艇甚至潛艇穿過第一島鏈，實質上必須穿過由民主國家組成的門戶，而這些民主國家基本上都與美國結盟。

And so Beijing believes that Taiwan is the linchpin of that first island chain.

是以，北京認為臺灣是第一島鏈的關鍵。

If Taiwan were to fall under Chinese control,

如果臺灣落入中國控制之下、

Chinese military doctrine, their own manuals, say at that point, we can dominate Japan.

中國的軍事理論、他們自己的手冊都說，到那時，我們就可以稱霸日本。

So there's a Chinese Air Force manual for Air Force officers that says, we turn this into an air base.

是以，中國空軍有一本空軍軍官手冊說，我們要把這裡變成一個空軍基地。

And even though it's just extending out 150 miles from China's coast, it means that Chinese bomber patrols-

儘管它只延伸到離中國海岸 150 英里的地方，但這意味著中國轟炸機的巡邏--

Provide safe passage in a way.

提供安全通道。

Safe passage for them to, in the words of their own doctrine, inflict a blockade on Japan at will.

用他們自己的理論的話說，他們有了安全通道，就可以隨意對日本實施封鎖。

Could you say more about that?

您能詳細談談嗎？

What is a blockade against Japan?

什麼是對日本的封鎖？

It's an act of war.

這是一種戰爭行為。

A blockade means that you're cutting off trade to and from a country by either surrounding it with ships or aircraft or threatening it with missile strikes to say, we can shut down your economy.

封鎖是指用艦船或飛機包圍一個國家，或用飛彈襲擊威脅該國說，我們可以關閉你的經濟，從而切斷與該國的貿易往來。

We can shut down your food and energy supply.

我們可以切斷你們的食物和能源供應。

The lights go out in Japan.

日本熄燈。

Japan doesn't produce energy, right?

日本不生產能源，對嗎？

They are wholly dependent on imports other than some of their nuclear plants.

除了部分核電站外，它們完全依賴進口。

And so China says, we will be able to, we'll basically have so much leverage over Japan, as well as the Philippines to the south, that we kind of have them in our pocket at that point.

是以，中國說，我們將能夠，我們將基本上對日本以及南邊的菲律賓擁有如此大的影響力，在這一點上，我們算是把他們收入囊中了。

And so Taiwan is the key to that geographically.

是以，從地理位置上來說，臺灣是關鍵所在。

Now, it's also a great democracy.

現在，它也是一個偉大的民主國家。

If you look at independent sort of assessments of democracies, the Economist Magazine has what's called the Economist Intelligence Unit.

如果你想對民主國家進行獨立評估，《經濟學人》雜誌有一個名為 "經濟學人智庫 "的機構。

They do rankings, right?

他們會做排名，對嗎？

They have found consistently that Taiwan is the most democratic, liberal democratic state in all of Asia.

他們一致發現，臺灣是全亞洲最民主、最自由的民主國家。

And it actually ranks higher than the United States, okay?

實際上，它的排名比美國還高，知道嗎？

So they know what they're doing.

所以他們知道自己在做什麼。

They've built something pretty special.

他們建造的東西非常特別。

I have to ask, sorry, I won't be able to let this go.

我不得不問，對不起，我不能就這樣算了。

Based on what does it rank more highly than the United States?

它在哪些方面的排名高於美國？

Freedom of speech, rule of law, equality of access to run for government.

言論自由、法治、平等參政。

Taiwan's legislature is 40% women compared to I think about 27, 28% of our Congress are women in the United States.

臺灣立法機構中女性佔 40%，而美國國會中女性佔 27%到 28%。

Many of the top cities governed by female mayors, they've twice elected a woman as president of Taiwan.

許多頂級城市由女性市長管理，她們還兩次選舉女性擔任臺灣總統。

In terms of freedom of the press,

在新聞自由方面、

I mean, it'd be worth taking a close look at these EIU, sort of what their methodology was.

我的意思是，值得仔細研究一下這些 EIU，看看他們的方法是什麼。

But they're not the only ones.

但並不只有他們。

There are others as well who say Taiwan is really a true liberal democracy in the classical sense of the word liberal.

還有人說，臺灣確實是一個真正的自由民主國家，是傳統意義上的自由民主國家。

It has really shed its authoritarian past.

它真正擺脫了過去的獨裁統治。

If that were to fall because it was coercively annexed by Beijing, that would have huge ramifications for the region and knock-on effects for the world.

如果因為被北京脅迫吞併而淪陷，這將對該地區產生巨大影響，並對世界產生連鎖反應。

Why is that?

為什麼會這樣？

I'm curious if you could say more about that because I have to admit, growing up with my dad yelling at the TV about politics,

我很好奇你是否能多談談這個問題，因為我不得不承認，在我的成長過程中，我父親一直對著電視大喊政治、

I just basically tuned it out.

我基本上就不去想了。

I decided to be sort of selectively ignorant about this, which I regret on some level.

我決定對此選擇性地一無所知，這讓我在某種程度上感到遺憾。

But I think to myself, okay, they are this sort of ideological paragon of democracy in the region.

但我心想，好吧，他們是該地區意識形態上的民主典範。

I understand the positional advantage of, say, Beijing having control of Taiwan, as you just described.

我理解您剛才所說的北京控制檯灣的位置優勢。

The geographic element.

地理因素。

Exactly.

沒錯。

But if Taiwan falls ideologically, what are the ripple effects of that?

但如果臺灣在意識形態上淪陷，會產生什麼連鎖反應？

I think what you have at that point is a state of emergency in all of the other democracies of the region where they are now facing an existential threat, military threat, and states of emergency aren't good for democracies.

我認為，在這一點上，該地區所有其他民主國家都處於緊急狀態，它們現在面臨著生存威脅和軍事威脅，而緊急狀態對民主國家來說並不是好事。

I mean, look at what happened to us just during the lockdowns during COVID-19.

我的意思是，看看我們在 COVID-19 期間的封鎖中發生了什麼。

Imagine you're in a situation where these countries are having to rapidly militarize in order to try to deter China from now being able to threaten them with blockades.

試想一下，在這種情況下，這些國家不得不迅速軍事化，以試圖阻止中國現在能夠用封鎖來威脅它們。

And it's pretty clear that Beijing has much bigger ambitions than just Taiwan.

很顯然，北京的野心遠不止臺灣。

The other part is that if Taiwan right now is a beacon for a lot of Chinese people on the mainland,

另一方面，如果臺灣現在是大陸許多中國人的燈塔、

Chinese people who visited Taiwan generally come away with a pretty positive impression.

去過臺灣的中國人一般都會留下相當好的印象。

And it's almost like they're visiting this Alice in Wonderland alternative future where people enjoy free speech.

他們幾乎就像是來到了 "愛麗絲夢遊仙境 "的另一個未來，在那裡人們享有言論自由。

They can go vote for their leaders.

他們可以去投票選舉自己的領導人。

And yet they're speaking the same language.

但他們說的是同一種語言。

They share a lot of the same heritage.

他們擁有很多相同的遺產。

You can actually see freedom of religion in Taiwan in ways that are spectacular.

實際上，在臺灣，宗教自由的表現形式非常壯觀。

You have traditional Chinese religions, different strains of Buddhism and Taoism, ancestor worship, Christianity, Catholic and Protestant.

這裡有中國傳統宗教、不同流派的佛教和道教、祖先崇拜、基督教、天主教和新教。

It's all there and it is unfettered.

這一切都在那裡，而且不受約束。

It is unmolested by-

它不受

And for people who don't have the history, a lot of that got cleaned out of mainland for a host of different reasons.

對於不瞭解歷史的人來說，出於各種不同的原因，大陸的很多東西都被清除了。

The Chinese government demands that it oversee any religious activity in China and in ways that are, to put it mildly, that distort the doctrine and in effect demote God to below the Communist Party.

中國政府要求它監督在中國的任何宗教活動，而監督的方式，說得輕一點，就是歪曲教義，實際上是把上帝降格到共產黨之下。

Okay, so we have the geographic importance.

好了，我們知道了地理位置的重要性。

We've got the ideological component.

我們有意識形態的成分。

Is there anything else you would add to that?

你還有什麼要補充的嗎？

The economy.

經濟

Look, Taiwan, this amazing small country, produces 92% of the advanced semiconductors in the world.

你看，臺灣，這個神奇的小國，生產了世界上 92% 的先進半導體。

92%.

92%.

That's wild.

太瘋狂了

I know.

我知道

We're talking about CPUs, central processing units that go into your phone, to GPUs, which are the chips like NVIDIA is famous for making that are really central to everything from self-driving cars to other AI sorts of applications.

我們說的是 CPU，也就是手機中的中央處理器，還有 GPU，也就是英偉達（NVIDIA）公司著名的芯片，它是自動駕駛汽車和其他人工智能應用的核心。

Taiwan doesn't design all those chips.

臺灣並沒有設計所有這些芯片。

American companies are sort of in the lead in design, but they actually produce them.

美國公司在設計方面處於領先地位，但它們實際上也生產這些產品。

They're the best company in the world as a fab, you know, a contract fab, meaning that they fabricate the chips based on the instructions and blueprints that they're provided by American and Korean and Japanese and other companies.

他們是世界上最好的芯片製造公司，你知道，合同製造公司，也就是說，他們根據美國、韓國、日本和其他公司提供的指令和藍圖製造芯片。

And there you have it, TSMC,

這就是臺積電、

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp, which was founded by Morris Chang.

臺灣積體電路製造股份有限公司，由 Morris Chang 創立。

I've met him.

我見過他

He's an incredible figure who, you know, was at Texas Instruments way back during our silicon sort of revolution and went on to build a superior company.

他是一位了不起的人物，早在我們的硅革命時期就在德州儀器公司工作，後來建立了一家卓越的公司。

It's one of the best run, most valuable companies in the world.

它是世界上經營最好、最有價值的公司之一。

Beijing, if Beijing were to even blockade Taiwan, that is to say, not attack it, not bomb it, but prevent ships from coming and going and flights from coming and going,

北京，如果北京甚至封鎖臺灣，也就是說，不是攻擊它，不是轟炸它，而是阻止船隻進出，阻止班機進出、

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp would begin to die very quickly, necrosis.

臺灣積體電路製造股份有限公司將很快開始死亡，即壞死。

You can think of a firm like theirs, those plants, as being a lot like a human brain.

你可以認為，像他們這樣的公司，那些植物，很像人類的大腦。

It needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients in the form of everything from software updates to recalibrating after an earthquake.

從軟件更新到地震後的重新校準，它需要源源不斷的氧氣和養分。

There was just a huge earthquake.

剛剛發生了一場大地震。

Condolences to the people of Taiwan, but there are also lots of little earthquakes that take place there.

向臺灣人民表示慰問，但臺灣也有很多小地震。

You have to recalibrate the equipment.

你必須重新校準設備。

You have to buy equipment from the Dutch, chemicals from the Japanese, key equipment and designs from Israelis and Americans.

你必須從荷蘭人那裡購買設備，從日本人那裡購買化學品，從以色列人和美國人那裡購買關鍵設備和設計。

If that stops, the whole thing starts to calcify in ways that are very hard to reverse.

如果停止，整個過程就會開始鈣化，很難逆轉。

So we will be in a, some would argue we would be in a Great Depression, even with just a blockade of Taiwan.

是以，我們將陷入大蕭條，有些人甚至認為，即使只是封鎖臺灣，我們也會陷入大蕭條。

We'd be facing a global Great Depression.

我們將面臨全球性的大蕭條。

For more UN videos visit www.un.org

欲瞭解更多聯合國視頻，請訪問 www.un.org