This is News Review from BBC Learning English, where we help you understand news headlines in English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞回顧節目，在這裡，我們幫助你用英語理解新聞標題。

I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

And I'm Georgie.

我是 Georgie。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary you need to talk about this story.

請務必看完影片，以便學習你們談論這個故事需要的詞彙。

And don't forget to subscribe to our channel so that you can learn more English from news headlines.

別忘了訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就能從新聞標題中學到更多英語。

Now, the story.

現在開始故事。

Your DNA can influence how long you live, but it's still worth leading a healthy life, according to new research.

根據最新的研究結果，你的 DNA 可以影響你的壽命，但健康的生活還是值得的。

In the first study of its kind, scientists explored whether the negative impact of genetics on life expectancy could be reduced by a healthy lifestyle.

在這類研究中，科學家探索了健康的生活方式是否可以減少基因對預期壽命的負面影響。

Habits to extend life include regular exercise, a healthy diet, no smoking and getting enough sleep.

延長壽命的習慣包括規律運動、健康飲食、不吸煙和充足的睡眠。

You've been looking at the headlines, Georgie. What's the vocabulary people need to understand this news story in English?

你看過這些新聞標題了，Georgie。人們需要哪些詞彙來理解這個英語新聞報導？

We have 'prolong,' 'offset' and 'tweaks.'

我們要學習「延長」、「抵銷」和「調整」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞評論節目。

Let's have our first headline.

來看看第一個新聞標題。

This one's from The Independent.

這是來自《獨立報》的。

Vast study shows healthy living could prolong the lives of some by five years.

大量研究表明，健康的生活可以使一些人的壽命延長五年。

So this headline is about a vast study.

所以這個標題是關於一項廣泛的研究。

That means a very large-scale piece of academic research.

這意味著一項非常大規模的學術研究。

The word that we are looking at, though, is prolong.

不過，我們現在看到的這個詞是「延長」。

It's a verb and it has the word long inside it, Georgie.

這是一個動詞，裡面有 long ㄧ詞，Georgie。

So are we talking about making something longer?

那我們是在談論把東西變得更長嗎？

Yes, Neil, but you can use prolong for some things and not others.

是的，Neil，但是你可以對某些事情使用延長，但對其他事情則不能。

So do you want to do a guessing game?

那你想玩猜猜看遊戲嗎？

Yes, please.

好啊。

I'll give you some examples where you can use it and where you can't, and you can guess the rule.

我會給你一些可以使用它和不能使用它的例子，你可以猜出規則。

So, I can prolong a meeting.

我就可以延長會議時間。

Healthy living can prolong our lives, but if my trousers are too short and I want to make them longer, I can't prolong them.

健康的生活可以延長我們的壽命，但如果我的褲子太短，我想把它弄長一點，我無法用 prolong 來表示延長它。

No, you're right.

你說得對。

You can lengthen them.

要用 lengthen 一詞表示延長。

So, your quiz, I'm guessing that prolong is used for time. Is that right?

所以，你的小測驗，我猜 prolong 是用來表示時間的。 對嗎？

That is right, Neil. Well done.

沒錯，Neil。 做得好。

OK.

好喔。

A note on the pronunciation of this word prolong: It's got two syllables. The stress is on the second.

關於這個字的發音要注意：它有兩個音節。 重音在第二音節。

And so the O in the first part sounds like /ə/. Prolong, /prəˈlɑːŋ/.

所以第一部分的 O 聽起來像是 /ə/，/prəˈlɑːŋ/。

Anything else you can tell us, Georgie?

Georgie，你還有什麼可以告訴我們的嗎？

Yes. Well, quite often, not always, we use it in quite a negative sense.

是的。 很多時候，但並非總是，我們在相當負面的意義上使用它。

So, it's used to talk about delay a lot or time that has extended that we don't want.

它用於談論大量延遲或我們不希望的時間延長。

So, if you're sick, you should rest to recover because we don't want to prolong the illness.

所以，如果你生病了，你應該休息來恢復，因為我們不想延長病情。

In a construction project, if the materials are out of stock for a while, this could prolong the process.

在建築項目中，如果材料暫時缺貨，這可能會延長流程。

It could extend the date for completion.

它會延長完成日期。

Yes. And we don't want this explanation to go on too long.

是的。 我們不希望這個解釋持續太久。

We don't want to prolong it.

我們不想延長它。

We don't want it to be too boring.

我們不希望它太無聊。

Let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

Let's have a look at our next headline.

讓我們看看我們的下一個新聞標題。

This one is from The Guardian.

這是《衛報》的一篇文章。

Healthy lifestyle may offset genetics by 60% and add five years to life, study says.

研究表明，健康的生活方式可以抵消 60% 的遺傳影響，並延長 5 年壽命。

So, this headline says that if you have DNA that could negatively impact how long you live, a healthy lifestyle could reduce that effect.

這個標題說，如果你的 DNA 可能會對你的壽命產生負面影響，那麼健康的生活方式可以減少這種影響。

Now, I think the word we really want to look at here, Georgie, is offset.

我認為我們真正想討論的詞是「抵銷」。

Is that right?

對嗎？

Yes.

是的。

So, if your genes might reduce your life expectancy, living healthily might actually help to bring that life expectancy back up.

如果你的基因可能會縮短你的預期壽命，那麼健康的生活實際上可能有助於恢復預期壽命。

It offsets the negative effects of genetics. It brings about a kind of balance.

它抵銷了遺傳的負面影響。 它帶來了一種平衡。

Yes, and an example of this word offset that's used a lot at the moment is carbon offsetting.

是的，目前經常使用的「抵銷」一詞的一個例子是「碳抵銷」。

So, we have this idea of doing something good--planting trees--to reduce the negative effects of doing something bad, burning carbon.

我們的想法是做一些好事——種樹——來減少做壞事（燃燒碳）的負面影響。

So, we offset the bad thing with something good.

所以，我們用好的東西來抵銷壞的東西。

Is there anything else to say about this?

關於這個字還有什麼要說的嗎？

Yes. We've got a couple of similar words.

是的。 我們有幾個類似的字。

One is counterbalance, which is about refinding that balance.

一是 counterbalance（平衡），即重新找到平衡。

We've also got neutralise, which is about taking away the bad and adding some good.

我們還有 neutralise（中和），即去掉壞的並添加一些好的。

So, quite similar.

蠻相似的。

OK. Let's look at that again.

好的，再來看一次。

Let's have our next headline.

下一個新聞標題。

This one is from The Daily Mail.

這是來自《每日郵報》的新聞。

Proof you can outrun bad genes with just four lifestyle tweaks, and it'll give you an extra five years of life.

事實證明，只需對生活方式進行四次調整，你就可以擺脫不良基因的影響，並讓你多活五年。

So, this headline says that we can outrun our DNA.

所以，這個標題說我們可以超越我們的DNA。

That means to get ahead of in a metaphorical sense.

這意味著在隱喻意義上取得領先。

But we're looking at the word tweaks.

但我們要看 tweaks 這個詞。

That's a nice little word, Georgie.

這是一個很好的小詞，Georgie。

It sounds like the noise that a bird makes.

聽起來就像鳥兒發出的聲音。

Tweak, tweak. Is that right?

Tweak，tweak。 對嗎？

Neil, no. That is a tweet.

不對，Neil。 鳥叫聲是 tweet（啾啾叫）。

Here, a tweak means a small change or a slight adjustment to something, anything.

在這裡，調整意味著對某事、任何事物的微小變化或輕微調整。

So, here in the headline, just four lifestyle tweaks.

所以，在標題中，只要四項生活方式的調整。

They're trying to make the change sound easy and small so that you can extend your life.

他們試圖讓改變聽起來簡單而小，以便你可以延長壽命。

Yes. Now, some typical contexts you can use this word in.

是的。 現在，你可以在以下一些典型的上下文中使用這個詞。

Perhaps you have a financial budget.

也許你有財務預算。

It's ready to go for the year ahead, but you need to make some small changes, make some tweaks.

已準備好迎接未來的一年，但你需要進行一些小的更改，進行一些調整。

Perhaps also you have a favourite recipe that you want to cook for a friend, but they have an allergy.

也許你也有一個最喜歡的食譜，想為朋友做飯，但他們有過敏。

You need to tweak that recipe so that they don't get ill.

你需要調整食譜，這樣他們就不會生病。

What else can you tell us about tweaks?

關於「調整」這個詞你還能告訴我們什麼嗎？

Well, in the headline, we see it as a noun.

在標題中，我們將其視為名詞。

It often goes with the verb make, so we make a tweak, but it can also be used as a verb.

它經常與動詞 make 一起使用，所以我們說 make a tweak，但它也可以用作動詞。

So, for example, yesterday I wrote this script, but this morning before coming into the studio, Neil and I tweaked the script a bit to make sure that it was ready for today.

例如，昨天我寫了這個腳本，但今天早上在進入攝影棚之前，Neil 和我對腳本進行了一些調整，以確保它為今天做好了準備。

Yes, we made just some small changes, some tweaks, because it was basically brilliant, wasn't it?

是的，我們只是做了一些小的改變，一些調整，因為它基本上很棒，不是嗎？

Let's look at that again.

再來看一次。

We've had prolong-- extend the duration.

我們學習了「延長」：延長持續時間。

Offset, do something good to reduce the effects of something bad.

「抵銷」：做一些好事來減少壞事的影響。

And tweaks, small changes.

還有「調整」：小改變。

Now, if you're interested in learning more language related to health and fitness, click here.

如果你有興趣學習更多與健康和健身相關的語言，請點此處。

And don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel so you never miss another video.

不要忘記點擊此處訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就不會錯過任何其他影片。

Thank you for joining us and goodbye.

感謝你加入我們，再見。

Bye.

掰。