He's dressed head to toe in black.

從頭到腳都是黑色的。

Every inch of exposed skin is covered in tattoos and he's got this gigantic beard.

每一寸裸露的皮膚上都有紋身，他還留著大鬍子。

So we get to chat and he tells me about his life how he dropped out of school, hasn't had a job in years,

於是我們聊了起來，他告訴我他的生活，他輟學了，已經好幾年沒有工作了，

and he just spends all of his time traveling the world on one random ass adventure after another, like hiking the John Muir trail or biking across the country or surfing down in Bali.

還有他把所有時間都花在了環遊世界上，進行一次又一次隨心所欲的探險，比如徒步約翰-繆爾小道，騎自行車穿越全國，或者在巴厘島衝浪。

And I'm sitting here scratching my head because at this point I'm 28, and I'm living in a van because I got $80,000 a debt.

我坐在那裡抓耳撓腮，因為我已經 28 歲了，還住在麵包車裡，因為我欠了 8 萬美元的債。

And I'm just trying to figure out how is this guy affording this crazy carefree lifestyle.

我只是在想，這傢伙是怎麼負擔得起這種瘋狂無憂的生活方式的。

And my initial reaction was to think he was either a drug dealer or doing something stupid by just financing his life with a credit card and racking up massive debt.

我最初的反應是認為他要麼是個毒販，要麼是在做傻事，用信用卡為自己的生活提供資金，欠下了鉅額債務。

But turns out on both accounts, I was dead wrong.

但事實證明，我在這兩方面都大錯特錯了。

This dude owned five apartment buildings.

這傢伙擁有五棟公寓樓。

He ran a shop where he would fix up old Harleys that he would buy off Craigslist and he built a recording studio for musicians in his garage.

他開了一家修理店，修理從 Craigslist 上買來的舊哈雷摩托車，還在車庫裡為音樂家們建了一個錄音棚。

He was the first true bred entrepreneur I ever met.

他是我遇到的第一位真正的企業家。

And I remember thinking, "What the hell is this guy's secret?"

我記得當時在想：「這傢伙到底有什麼祕密？」

Like what makes him so special?

是什麼讓他如此與眾不同？

Because as he himself was quick to point out, he really wasn't particularly smart.

因為他自己很快就指出，他真的不是特別聰明。

In fact, on like the bell curve of intelligence, he was probably smack dab in the middle.

事實上，就像智力鐘形曲線一樣，他可能處於中間位置，

And it just kind of threw me because my whole worldview, I guess in the back of my mind, I always thought that you had to be smart to make big money.

這讓我很吃驚，因為我的整個世界觀，我想在我的腦海裡，我一直認為你必須很聰明才能賺大錢。

The truth is the richest people in the world, they're not necessarily any smarter than you or me.

真相是，世界上最富有的人。他們不一定比你我聰明。

In fact, a study out of Sweden called the plateauing of cognitive ability among top earners confirms this.

事實上，瑞典一項名為「高收入者認知能力高原化」的研究證實了這一點。

They found that there's actually a drop in cognitive abilities corresponding to the top 5% of earners.

他們發現，收入最高的 5%人群的認知能力實際上有所下降。

So in this video, I'm going to break down why exactly that is.

所以在本影片中，我將對其進行分析。

Why people like me who are most likely dumber than you are making millions.

正因為如此，像我這樣很可能比你還笨的人才能賺到數百萬美元。

And to do that, we're gonna unpack four limiting beliefs that keep smart people from getting rich.

為此，我們要解開阻礙聰明人致富的四個限制性信念。

And then at the end of the video, I'm gonna share with you the secret of success that I learned after having lunch with a billionaire.

在影片的最後，我將與大家分享我與一位億萬富翁共進午餐後學到的成功祕訣。

So let's dive in.

讓我們深入探討。

The first limiting belief is this: I don't care about money.

第一個限制成功的觀念：我不在乎錢。

Listen, our society has a very problematic relationship with money.

聽著，我們的社會與金錢的關係很成問題。

On the one hand, it's often used to signal status because we as a culture mistakenly equate status with value.

一方面，它經常被用來表示地位，因為作為一種文化，我們錯誤地將地位等同於價值。

And this is why keeping up with the Joneses is such a damn problem.

這就是為什麼跟上瓊斯們的步伐是個該死的問題。

You might not really care about getting that new fancy car,

你可能並不真的在乎買那輛新的高級轎車，

but if the neighbors have one, then that means they have more status, and therefore they must be more valuable to society, right?

但如果鄰居們都有，那就意味著他們更有地位，所以他們一定更有價值，對嗎？

Well, no, of course not. Saying it out loud just draws attention to how stupid that sounds.

不，當然不對。說出來只會讓人注意到這聽起來有多愚蠢。

The truth is, it doesn't actually matter.

事實上，這些東西並不重要。

These things, they signal status, but they don't actually make you more valuable.

它們是身份的象徵，但實際上並不會讓你更有價值。

And I think deep down we all understand this.

我想，在內心深處，我們都明白這一點。

And so a lot of people just do what I did and they decide the game is broken and stupid and they stop playing it all together, because after all, the only people who care about making money are shallow, greedy and materialistic, right?

所以很多人就像我一樣，認為這個遊戲又破又蠢，於是就不玩了，因為畢竟只有膚淺、貪婪和物質至上的人才會關心賺錢。對不對？

Well, no, it's actually wrong.

不，這其實是錯的。

But believing this gives you the permission to not even try.

但相信了這一點，你就可以不去嘗試。

And the result of this mindset for me at least was that my life really sucked and I had no way of providing for myself, my family or my community, which made me feel terrible about myself because I just felt like a drain on everybody around me.

至少對我來說，這種心態的結果就是我的生活糟透了，我沒有辦法養活自己、家人或社區，這讓我對自己感覺很糟糕，因為我覺得自己是周圍所有人的負擔。

It was around this time that I realized the fundamental truth.

就在這個時候，我意識到了一個基本事實。

You can't actually opt out of the money game. Like it or not, you need money to survive.

不管你願不願意，你實際上都無法退出金錢遊戲，你需要錢來生存。

So the real question isn't whether or not you're gonna play the money game, but how are you gonna play the money game?

所以，真正的問題不是你是否要玩金錢遊戲，而是你如何玩金錢遊戲？

And truly, answering that question in a way that transformed my pursuit of money into something greater than my desire for status or material things.

而真正回答這個問題的方式，是將我對金錢的追求轉化為比對地位或物質的渴望更偉大的東西。

That was the key to unlocking my earning potential.

這是開啟我賺錢潛能的鑰匙。

So I encourage you to ask yourself. If you weren't limited by money, what impact could you have on the world?

所以我鼓勵你問問自己，如果不受金錢的限制，你能對世界產生什麼影響？現在？

Now, the only way to not be limited by money is to win the money game for yourself and you can define what winning looks like in whatever way you want.

不受金錢限制的唯一方法就是在金錢遊戲中為自己贏得勝利，你可以用任何你想要的方式來定義什麼是勝利。

But for me, I define it that is just getting to the point on your financial journey where money is no longer the limiting factor in any of the decisions you make.

但對我來說，我定義了它。在你的財務旅程中，錢不再是限制你做出任何決定的因素。

Now, regardless of how you define winning and how you decide you're gonna play the money game, one thing is universal.

現在，無論你如何定義「贏」，如何決定「玩金錢遊戲」。要想獲勝，有一件事是通用的。

To win, you're gonna have to put yourself out there, you're gonna have to get in the arena and you're gonna have to actually try.

你必須把自己上場，你必須站在競技場上，你必須真正去嘗試。

And that might sound painfully obvious, but most people won't do it because of the second limiting belief that keeps smart people from making money, which is this: I'm afraid of looking stupid.

這聽起來可能很明顯，但大多數人都不會這麼做，因為第二個限制性的觀念讓聰明人無法賺錢，那就是「我害怕看起來很蠢」。

One of the reasons dumb people have an advantage when it comes to making money is because everybody underestimates them.

笨的人之所以在賺錢方面有優勢，原因之一就是大家都低估了他們。

They think, "Oh, that guy is dumber than a box of rocks. He's never gonna amount to anything. He'd be lucky to get a job at 7-Eleven."

他們認為：「哦，那傢伙比一盒石頭還笨。他永遠不會有出息。他能在 7-Eleven 找到一份工作就不錯了。」

Now, two interesting things happen when people underestimate you.

現在當人們低估你的時候，會發生兩件有趣的事情：

First, it puts a chip on your shoulder to prove everybody wrong and that can be a powerful motivator.

第一，它會讓你產生一種要證明大家都錯了的想法，而這可能是一種強大的動力。

Second, it frees you up to try anything because who really cares if you fail?

其次，它讓你可以自由地嘗試任何事情，因為誰真正在乎你是否失敗？

People have already written you off.

人們已經認定你會失敗了。

I mean, what have you got to lose? It's great to be the underdog. Nobody expects you to win.

我的意思是，你有什麼可失去的，做弱者很好。沒人指望你贏。

You've got nothing but potential upside.

你只有潛在的上升空間。

Smart people, on the other hand, well, they have the opposite problem.

聰明人另一方面，他們的問題恰恰相反。

They have nothing but downside because everybody expects them to be wildly successful in everything they do, which is obviously impossible.

他們只有壞處，因為每個人都希望他們做什麼都能大獲成功，而這顯然是不可能的。

But smart people are not now in a no-win situation because if they try something crazy and it fails, then their very identity as a smart person is at risk.

但是，聰明人現在並沒有陷入不成功便成仁的境地，因為如果他們嘗試一些瘋狂的事情而失敗了，那麼他們作為聰明人的身份就會受到威脅。

So the only smart move that protects this identity is to follow the well trodden path that everybody else is following.

所以保護這一身份的唯一明智之舉就是走別人都在走的老路。

You go to school, you get your job, you bust your ass for 40 years and then you retire.

你去上學，找到工作，辛苦工作 40 年，然後退休。

And don't get me wrong. This can provide a great lifestyle, which is absolutely right for most people.

別誤會我的意思，這可以提供一種絕佳的生活方式，對大多數人來說絕對合適。

But if you want to get rich, you can't follow common wisdom and expect to get uncommon results.

但是，如果你想致富，就不能遵循常人的智慧，指望獲得不尋常的結果。

You have to do something different.

你必須做些與眾不同的事情。

Now, the problem with doing something different is that most people perceive it to be risky.

現在，做一些與眾不同的事情的問題在於，大多數人都認為這樣做有風險。

What even is risk?

什麼是風險？

How do we define it?

我們如何定義它？

Like, how do you even measure it?

比如，你怎麼衡量它？

I mean, you might look at the guy climbing on a cliff and think he's a reckless daredevil whereas he might look at you speeding down the freeway and traffic and think you're crazy.

我的意思是，你可能看著一個人在懸崖上攀爬，覺得他是個魯莽的冒險家，而他可能看著你在高速公路上飛馳，車水馬龍，覺得你是個瘋子。

And the truth is you're both crazy risk takers.

事實上，你們都是瘋狂的冒險家。

We all are. There's no way of navigating this thing called life without taking risks.

我們都知道，不冒險就無法駕馭人生。

But something I've come to notice is that dumb people tend to underestimate risk, whereas smart people tend to overestimate it.

但我注意到，笨人往往會低估風險，而聰明人往往會高估風險。

And this leads to the third limiting belief that holds smart people back from making millions.

這就引出了阻礙聰明人賺取百萬財富的第三個限制性信念。

It's this: It's too risky.

就是這個，太冒險了。

Now, don't get me wrong, the ability to run simulations in our mind to predict what may or may not happen in the future and then plan accordingly.

現在，別誤會我的意思，我們有能力在頭腦中進行模擬，預測未來可能發生或可能不發生的事情，然後制定相應的計劃。

This is the perennial superpower that separates humans from literally every other animal on the planet.

這是人類區別於地球上其他所有動物的常年超能力。

But there's a problem with this superpower.

但這種超能力也有問題。

It tends to skew towards pessimism, which makes sense.

它傾向於悲觀主義，這是有道理的。

If you think about it from an evolutionary perspective, our ancestors were the ones who survived long enough to pass on their genes.

如果你從進化論的角度考慮，我們的祖先是那些存活足夠長的時間來傳承其基因的人。

And one of the great survival mechanisms when you're out on the savannah is just to assume pretty much everything is trying to kill you.

當你在大草原上生存時，一個很好的生存機制就是假定幾乎所有的東西都想殺死你。

If you hear something rustling in the weeds, you should probably assume it's a tiger and run away, because if you're wrong, you just look silly running from the breeze, but if you're right, then you ain't dead.

如果你聽到雜草裡有什麼東西沙沙作響，你也許應該認為那是一隻老虎，然後趕緊跑開，因為如果你錯了，你從微風中跑開就顯得很傻，但如果你是對的，那你就不會死。

So all that's to say, we've evolved to always assume the worst case scenario.

綜上所述，我們已經進化到總是假設最壞的情況。

Now, historically, intelligence was a great attribute in surviving out in the wilderness because the smartest people amongst us were the most capable of calculating all the things that could potentially go wrong.

從歷史上看，智慧是在野外生存的一大優勢，因為我們當中最聰明的人最有能力計算出所有可能出錯的事情。

Therefore, they were more likely to survive because they were better at avoiding taking risks that could get them killed.

是以，他們更有可能存活下來，因為他們更善於避免冒可能會送命的風險。

All told this strategy kept our species alive for millennia.

總之，這種策略讓我們的物種存活了幾千年。

So I'm not going to knock it, but it's important to recognize that the game has changed over the past century as we've modernized as a society.

是以，我不會去指責它，但重要的是要認識到，隨著我們社會的現代化，遊戲在上個世紀已經發生了變化。

And truly, the number of existential threats that you face on a daily basis is practically zero compared to your ancestors.

而且，與你們的祖先相比，現在你們每天面臨的生存威脅數量確實幾乎為零，對冒險和猜錯的懲罰也要輕得多。

These days, the punishment for taking risks and guessing wrong is far less severe as well.

Maybe you lose some money, maybe you lose some status.

也許你會失去一些錢，也許你會失去一些地位。

You gotta live in the back of a van for a while and you start over.

你得在麵包車後面住上一段時間，然後重新開始。

But ultimately, taking risks to make money, assuming you're not doing anything illegal, is unlikely to end any type of catastrophic ruin that you can't recover from.

但最終還是要冒險賺錢。假設你沒有做任何違法的事情，也不可能結束任何無法挽回的災難性毀滅。

Which is why dumb people have an advantage when it comes to making money these days because often they're just ignorant of all the things that could go wrong.

這就是為什麼現在笨人在賺錢方面有優勢，因為他們往往對所有可能出錯的事情都一無所知。

Whereas smart people, they can see it also clearly in their mind and it stops them from ever even getting in the game.

而聰明人，他們也能在腦海中清楚地看到這一點，這甚至會阻止他們進入遊戲。

I call this a cursive intelligence, which I'll explain more in just a second.

我把這稱為草書智能，稍後我會在解釋之前做更多說明。

Before I do, it's important that you understand one thing. You are probably very good at imagining all the things that can go wrong, right?

重要的是，你要明白一件事，你可能很擅長想象所有可能出錯的事情。對

But studies show that humans are really, really terrible at calculating the probability of those events actually occurring.

但研究表明，人類在計算這些事件實際發生的概率方面真的非常非常糟糕。

I mean, how much time have you ever spent thinking about worst case scenarios that never came to fruition?

我的意思是，你花過多少時間去思考那些從未實現的最壞情況？

My guess is it's a lot because the thing is,worst case scenario almost never actually happens.

我猜是很多，因為最壞的情況幾乎從未發生過。

So we spend all this time worrying about things that are unlikely to happen.

是以，我們把所有的時間都花在了擔心那些不太可能發生的事情上。

But even worse, we allow our fear of those downsides to stop us from taking the actions, which would in all likelihood lead to an amazing positive outcome.

但更糟糕的是，我們對這些不利因素的恐懼阻止了我們採取行動，而這些行動很可能會帶來驚人的積極結果。

Now, I used to really struggle with this, but here's just simple reframe that's helped me get out of my own head when it comes to calculating risk.

現在，我曾經非常糾結於這一點，但這裡有一個簡單的框架，它幫助我在計算風險時擺脫了自己的思維定勢。

It's just to remind myself that the risk of mediocrity is greater than the risk of failure.

這只是為了提醒自己，平庸的風險大於失敗的風險。

And for some reason that just helps me get out of my own way and actually get in the game.

出於某種原因，這能讓我擺脫自己的束縛，真正投入到遊戲中去。

Ok.

好的。

So this is just one aspect of the curse of intelligence, but there's another side to it which ties into the fourth limiting belief, keeping smart people from making money.

是以，這只是 "聰明的詛咒 "的一個方面，但它的另一面與第四個限制性信念有關，即聰明人無法賺錢。

It's this: I don't know what I don't know.

就是這樣，我不知道我不知道什麼。

Now, one of the greatest ironies in the world is something called the Dunning-Kruger Effect.

現在，世界上最大的諷刺之一就是所謂的鄧寧-克魯格效應。

This cognitive bias has two interesting aspects.

這種認知偏差有兩個有趣的方面。

First, people with low competence in a particular domain tend to overestimate their abilities.

首先，在某一領域能力較低的人往往會高估自己的能力。

Whereas people with high competence in a domain tend to underestimate their abilities.

而在某一領域能力強的人往往會低估自己的能力。

Understanding why this occurs is actually quite fascinating.

瞭解出現這種情況的原因其實很有吸引力。

So let's bring down real quick.

所以，讓我們快點下來。

So we can understand and recognize this bias in ourselves and hopefully eliminate it.

是以，我們可以理解並認識到自己的這種偏見，並希望消除這種偏見。

One of my favorite learning models is something called the four stages of competence.

我最喜歡的學習模式之一就是所謂的 "能力的四個階段"。

It breaks down like this.

分解如下

The first stage of learning is unconscious incompetence where you don't even really understand how bad you are at the thing yet, because you're effectively ignorant, the majority of us, we're gonna stay in this phase, most topics for our entire life and not even realize it.

學習的第一階段是無意識的無能，在這一階段，你甚至還不知道自己在這件事情上有多麼糟糕，因為你實際上是無知的。

But if you stick with it and you continue improving, you're gonna move out of that phase and you're gonna go to the second stage, which is conscious incompetence, which is just another way of saying you're starting to see the full breadth and depth of the topic.

但如果你堅持下去，不斷進步，你就會走出這個階段，進入第二個階段，也就是有意識的無能階段。

Now you see enough to realize just how little you actually know.

現在，你看到了足夠多的東西，意識到自己實際上知道的是多麼少。

Now with enough time, with enough effort, you can make the jump out of this phase and make it to the next level, which is conscious competence.

現在，只要有足夠的時間、足夠的努力，你就能跳出這個階段，進入下一個層次，也就是有意識的能力。

Now you possess the knowledge and experience required to competently execute this skill.

現在，您已經具備了勝任這項技能所需的知識和經驗。

But the interesting thing about this phase is that it still requires your conscious intent.

但這一階段的有趣之處在於，它仍然需要你有意識的引導。

For instance, you might be a fantastic guitar player, but it still requires your focused attention.

例如，你可能是一名出色的吉他手，但這仍然需要你全神貫注。

You can't just turn off your brain and execute like a true Maestro can because you haven't progressed to the final stage of learning, which is unconscious competence.

你不能像真正的大師那樣，關掉大腦就能執行，因為你還沒有進入學習的最後階段，也就是無意識的能力階段。

Now, we call this level mastery because you can now execute the skill at the highest levels without even thinking about it.

現在，我們稱這種水準為 "掌握"，因為你現在可以在不假思索的情況下執行最高級別的技能。

Now, you will likely only ascend to this level and a handful of skills over the course of your entire life because the amount of work it requires to attain true mastery is enormous.

現在，你可能終其一生也只能提升到這個水準和少數幾種技能，因為要達到真正的精通需要付出巨大的努力。

But the mistake a lot of us make, which gives life to the Dunning Kruger effect is that when we're in the lower stages of learning, specifically unconscious and competence that is we don't even know what we don't know.

但我們很多人都犯了一個錯誤，那就是當我們處於學習的低級階段，特別是無意識和能力階段時，我們甚至不知道自己不知道什麼，這就是鄧寧-克魯格效應。

We're more likely to overestimate where we are on spectrum because we don't realize just how far there is still to go.

我們更容易高估自己在光譜上的位置，因為我們不知道還有多遠的路要走。

Whereas once you're in the middle two phases of conscious incompetence and conscious competence.

而一旦你處於有意識的無能和有意識的能力這兩個階段的中間。

Now you tend to underestimate your abilities only because now you can see the top of the mountain, you realize how damn far away it is.

現在，你往往會低估自己的能力，只是因為現在你能看到山頂了，你才意識到它有多麼遙遠。

So let's bring this full circle.

所以，讓我們把話題繞回來。

The reason smart people struggle to make money is because they get hung up on the fact that they know they don't know everything.

聰明人努力賺錢的原因是因為他們知道自己並不知道一切。

For instance, if you've been working as an accountant in the Fortune 500 Company for the last decade, you have a breadth of domain experience that could easily be translated into starting your own profitable accounting firm.

例如，如果您在過去十年中一直在財富 500 強公司擔任會計師，那麼您擁有廣泛的領域經驗，可以輕鬆地將這些經驗轉化為創辦自己的盈利會計師事務所。

But you're likely to get hung up on the massive discrepancy between your domain experience and your general knowledge of what it takes to run a business, and therefore you decide not to take action.

但是，你很可能會因為自己的領域經驗與經營企業所需的一般知識之間存在巨大差異而感到困惑。

The dumb person by comparison might not have your accounting skills or experience.

你決定不採取行動，相比之下，笨人可能沒有你的會計技能或經驗。

And so there's not as big of a gap between that and their general business knowledge, which might lead them to conclude that starting their own accounting practice will be easier than it actually will be in reality.

這與他們的一般商業知識之間沒有那麼大的差距，這可能會讓他們得出結論，認為開創自己的會計事務所會比現實中更容易。

As a result, dumb people tend to take action and get in the game.

笨人往往會採取行動，加入遊戲。

And because things rarely play out as badly as we think they will, more often than not, they stumble on to success.

因為事情的發展很少像我們想象的那樣糟糕，很多時候，他們會跌跌撞撞地走向成功。

And if you walk away from this video, having learned only one thing, let it be this.

如果你從這部影片中只學到了一件事，那就讓它成為現實吧。

I call it the secret of success.

我稱之為成功的祕訣。

I stumbled upon this secret a couple of years ago after meeting my very first billionaire.

幾年前，在遇到我的第一位億萬富翁之後，我偶然發現了這個祕密。

And for whatever reason, I guess, I guess I just had it in my head.

不管出於什麼原因，我想，我想我只是把它記在了腦子裡。

The billionaires probably had this business thing all figured out and that they were operating on this higher level than the rest of us lowly entrepreneurs.