The passenger plane was engulfed in flames soon after crashing with a coast guard plane.

這架客機與海上保衛廳的飛機相撞後不久就被火焰吞噬。

Five of the six crew members on the smaller jets died.

小型飛機上的六名機組人員中有五人死亡。

But the nearly full Airbus A350 jet managed to evacuate safely in under 20 minutes.

但這架幾乎滿員的空中巴士 A350 飛機在 20 分鐘內成功安全撤離。

But there are lots of things about that aircraft that helped to protect the passengers.

但是，飛機上有很多東西都有助於保護乘客。

Here are some of the factors that led to this successful evacuation.

以下是導致這次成功疏散的一些因素。

At 5:47 p.m. on Tuesday, Japan Airlines flight 516 and Airbus A350-900 traveling from Sapporo in northern Japan to Tokyo collided with a coast guard plane.

下午 5:47 週二，從日本北部札幌飛往東京的日本航空 516 航班和空中巴士 A350-900 航班與一架海上保衛廳飛機相撞。

JL 516 was burning on the outside.

JL 516 外部已經燃燒，

But crucially, it was not yet burning on the inside, and so the race to save its passengers started.

但最重要的是，它的內部尚未燃燒，因此拯救乘客的競賽開始了。

The way an evacuation usually proceeds is that once the plane has come to a standstill, the flight crew usually give the command to the cabin crew to initiate the evacuation.

疏散通常進行的方式是，一旦飛機停頓，機組人員通常會向機組人員發出命令以開始疏散。

And the flight deck will normally tell the cabin crew which side or which exits they can use.

駕駛艙通常會告訴機組人員他們可以使用哪一側或哪個出口。

Japan Airlines said it took some time to get the doors open because flight attendants first needed the pilots confirmation that the airplane had come to a complete stop and they needed to check whether it was safe to evacuate.

日本航空表示，需要一些時間才能打開艙門，因為空服員首先需要飛行員確認飛機已完全停止，並且需要檢查是否可以安全撤離。

To operate around the world, aircraft manufacturers must prove to regulators that passengers can evacuate a plane in 90 seconds, using only half of the exits.

為了在世界各地內開展業務，飛機製造商必須向監管機構證明，乘客只需使用一半的出口即可在 90 秒內撤離飛機。

They conduct tests under conditions meant to simulate real life.

他們在模擬現實生活的條件下進行測試。

But experts say the tests often fall short of replicating real accident conditions.

但專家們表示，這些測試往往無法複製真實的事故狀況。

It's only when you have a real accident like this that you get to see exactly how that works.

只有當你遇到像這樣的真正事故時，你才能清楚地看到事故是如何發生的。

For the A350, there are four pairs of exits, so there are eight exits on the aircraft.

A350 飛機上有四對出口，所以共有八個出口。

So the certification test would have been done with four exits.

認證測試將在四個出口進行。

Now, in the A350 accident at Haneda, we didn't have four exits.

但是，在羽田發生的 A350 事故中，並沒有四個出口。

We had three exits and we had two exits in the front.

只有三個出口，兩個出口在前面。

So you're gonna have lots of people trying to use that front exit.

所以會有很多人試圖使用前面的出口。

This is a sub-optimal evacuation situation.

這是次理想的疏散情況。

Experts say the Japan Airlines crew did an impressive job to evacuate under difficult conditions.

專家稱，日本航空公司機組人員在困難條件下的撤離工作令人印象深刻。

Flight attendants asked people to leave their belongings behind and remove any sharp heels that might tear the evacuation chutes.

空乘人員要求人們留下隨身物品，並脫下可能會撕裂疏散滑梯的尖銳高跟鞋。

Welcome on board.

歡迎登機。

When you've got your big roller bag or your big rucksack or whatever, and you're going down the aisle, you're taking up much more space than a single person would.

當你帶著你的大滾輪包或大揹包或其他東西走在走道上時，你所佔的空間比一個人要大得多。

And so that's making the congestion worse.

這樣一來，擁堵情況就更嚴重了。

And finally, if you manage to get to the exit with the bag, and you take the big luggage down the chute that can damage the slide.

最後，如果您設法帶著包包到達出口，並且將大行李從滑道上取下來，可能會損壞滑梯。

By 6:05 p.m., 18 minutes after the collision, the evacuation was complete and everyone on JL516 was safe.

到下午 6 點 05 分，即碰撞發生 18 分鐘後，疏散工作已完成，JL516 上的所有人都很安全。

Experts say the design of the Airbus A350 was also key.

專家表示，空中巴士 A350 的設計也很關鍵。

More than half of the aircraft was built from carbon fiber reinforced plastic rather than aluminum like older planes.

這架飛機一半以上是由碳纖維增強塑膠製成的，而不是像老式飛機那樣採用鋁製材料。

The Airbus A350 is the newest Airbus aircraft.

空中巴士 A350 是最新的空中巴士飛機。

It uses a composite fuselage as does the Boeing 787.

它與波音 787 一樣使用複合材料機身。

What we've seen here is that first serious event involving an A350.

我們在這裡看到的是第一起涉及 A350 的嚴重事件。

We know that that aircraft met the design standards in terms of strength, in terms of how it might deal with the fire.

我們知道，就強度而言，這架飛機符合應對火災的設計標準。

When you look at the fire, the aircraft seems to have done exactly what you want to do, which was protect the occupants for long enough that they could evacuate from the aircraft.

從火勢來看，這架飛機似乎做了你想做的事情，即保護機上人員足夠長的時間，使他們能夠從飛機上撤離。

Airbus set tests show that carbon fiber composites may contain fire longer than an aluminum fuselage.

空中巴士公司的測試表明，碳纖維複合材料比鋁製機身更容易著火，

As it heats up, the aluminum loses its strength, and you could get the aircraft breaking on the tarmac, breaking its back.

隨著溫度的升高，鋁會失去強度，飛機可能會在停機坪上破裂，導致機背斷裂。

Now with a composite fiber, it retains its strength for longer as it's being heated.

現在使用的是複合纖維，在加熱過程中能保持更長時間的強度。

Every second counts. Every second can make the difference between life and death.

每一秒都很重要，每一秒都可能決定生死。

A Japanese Transport Ministry official said it was too soon to determine the cause of the collision, but a formal investigation would be conducted.

日本國土交通省一名官員表示，現在確定碰撞原因還為時過早，但將進行正式調查。

Airbus said it was sending a team of specialists to help the Japanese investigators.

空中巴士公司表示，它將派出一個專家小組協助日本調查人員。

The accident marks the first total loss of an Airbus A350 since its first flight in 2013.

這起事故標誌著空中巴士 A350 飛機自 2013 年首飛以來首次發生全損。

The A350 is becoming one of the most popular jets for airlines around the world.

A350 正在成為全球航空公司最受歡迎的噴射機之一。

Experts say there are important lessons to learn from the Haneda crash.

專家說，羽田空難給所有飛行人員帶來了重要的教訓。

For anybody flying, it's an incredibly safe method of transport.

這是一種非常安全的運輸方式。

But when things go wrong, there's a whole bunch of people who are working to try and keep us safe.

但一旦出了問題，會有一大群人在努力保護我們的安全。

So you know, when you get on the aircraft and you feel grumpy with the flight attendant that you don't get your drink quickly enough, just remember that this is a safety professional and then that incredible evacuation, these were the last people off the aircraft.

所以你知道，當你登上飛機，如果因為空服人員沒有很快地給你飲料而感到不滿的話，請記住他們是安全專業人員，而在那次令人難以置信的疏散中，他們是最後一批離開飛機的人。