the classical physics of the time,  which was largely deterministic.

當時很大程度上是確定的經典物理學提出了挑戰。

Quantum mechanics introduced inherent  probabilities into the fundamental nature of the  

量子力學將固有機率引入物理世界的基本性質中

physical world, which was a significant departure  from the previously understood mechanics.

，這與先前理解的力學有很大的不同。

Albert Einstein, one of the most  respected physicists of his time,  

阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦，他那個時代最受尊敬的物理學家之一，

found the probabilistic interpretations of quantum  

發現量子力學的機率解釋

mechanics difficult to reconcile with  his views on causality in the universe

很難與他對宇宙因果關係的看法相一致。

His statement "God does not play dice with the  universe" has become emblematic of his discomfort  

他的「上帝不會與宇宙玩骰子」的說法已經成為他對量子力學感到不安的象徵

with the idea that events at the quantum  level could occur without deterministic laws.

。量子層級上的事件可能在沒有確定性定律的情況下發生的想法。

Despite his contributions to quantum theory,  

儘管愛因斯坦對量子理論做出了貢獻，

including the photoelectric effect,  which earned him the Nobel Prize,  

包括為他贏得了諾貝爾獎的光電效應，但他

Einstein spent much of his later life  attempting to find a unified field theory  

晚年的大部分時間都在試圖尋找一個統一的場論

that would provide a deterministic explanation  for the phenomena described by quantum mechanics.

，為量子力學描述的現象提供確定性的解釋。