Name: 4.5億年歷史（4.5 Billion Years in 1 Hour）
Uploaded: 2023-11-13T12:33:34.000Z
Duration: 1 h 3 min 31 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

情態副詞

Earth is 4.5 billion years old – impossible for your brain to truly grasp, so here is an experiment:

every second around 1.5 million years  will pass – you're on a musical train ride

分詞構句

looking out the window, passing all of Earth's History in an hour.

Watch the eons pass and experience how long a billion years really is.

You can have this in the background, study with it or just enjoy the ride.

4.5 billion years ago, right after it was born, Earth was a hell of lava…

Pretty early in its history, Earth collides with a Mars sized object called Theia,

which forms the moon that you now see in the sky.

Right now it looks huge in the night sky and will slowly shrink over hundreds of millions

4.5 Billion Years Ago we are in the first eon of our planet, the Hadean, named after the greek god of the underworld.

At this point the Atmosphere is mostly CO2 and the floor is lava.

This area of earth's history is mostly invisible to us because almost none of it is left.

Although you wouldn't think it, we found  minerals called zircons that indicate

there may have been some  water around at this time.

During this period of the young solar system, Earth and the inner solar system are smashed

by a constant heavy asteroid bombardment, for several hundred million years.

At this point in time, our Sun is 30% less bright than it is today but there are so many

greenhouse gases that it's  still much hot and comfy.

Around this time we think life begins to enter the stage.

Only a few hundred million years after the beginning of everything the first cells begin

spreading over our still very deadly planet.

Earth continues to cool and it probably  rains for millions of years

as our oceans begin to form, covering  the still young planet with water.

These hydrothermal vents we're looking at, and where hot minerals emerge, may have been

the place where life first developed,  but we dont know.

So much time has passed and we are entering the Paleoarchean.

Most of Earth is still underwater while the first supercontinents are in the making

Its days are shorter since the  young Earth spins faster.

From this time in history we still have Stromatolites, sedimentary rocks built by microorganisms.

Among our first real evidence of life on Earth.

Also life is starting to eat the sun – photosynthesis might have started as early as around here.

3.2 Billion Years Ago in the Mesoarchean the era of continents begins.

Tectonic plates begin to crush into each other, pulling and pushing some deep into the earth

The oceans are as hot as a hottub, over 40°C and microbes are expanding everywhere.

We don't have plants yet to consume greenhouse gases, so it is really, really hot.

You would basically die immediately  in this atmosphere.

Also there is no oxygen in the atmosphere yet.

2.8 Billion Years Ago the Neoarchean begins.

Earth is still a terribly hostile place but because we finally have proper plate tectonics,

more chemicals are mixed in from inside the earth and life can use them to make new things!

Some time around here Prokaryotes like bacteria begin colonizing the planet.

But still, after so much time,  we only have single cells.

2.5 Billion Years Ago in the Siderian,  a massive event is about to begin

that will change the planet forever: The Great Oxidation Event.

Oxygen, burped out by cyanobacteria reaches the atmosphere in large quantities,

All the new oxygen in the air reacts with methane and forms CO2 and Water,

Probably for the first time ever, the planet freezes over and a period of multiple

ice ages begins lasting millions of years.

2.3 Billion Years Ago the Rhyacian begins.

Lots of volcanos heat up earth and  earth unfreezes slowly again.

Melting ice flushes toxic elements into the oceans but life quietly puts up resistance

Some time 2.05 Billion Years Ago in the Orosirian a large asteroid hits earth and creates the

largest verified impact structure on Earth.

All over Earth great mountain ranges are  crushed into existence by early continents

with wild names like Ur, Nena or Atlantica.

1.8 Billion Years Ago in the Statherian  the supercontinent Columbia has formed.

And a natural, self sustaining nuclear reactor awakes,

just from scattered uranium deposits in the ground.

1.6 billion years ago, around the edge of Calimmian, + or - a few hundred million years or so,

the first Eukaryotic cells, cells with a nucleus, merge from two other cells.

One of the most important  moments in the history of life.

But yes, kind of looks not that impressive.

Earth's crust thickens and heavy continents form, the oceans become shallower.

Also the first fungi-like organisms extent their tubular arms and do fungi things.

Some time in the Ectasian 1.4 Billion Years Ago, Earths inner core is forming.

Weird, right? Feels like it should be older.

But around here it begins to solidify into a iron crystal surrounded by hot liquid metal.

1.2 Billion Years Ago in the Stenian not that much is going on.

Except, the algae Bangiomorpha  pubescens might have invented sex.

A big reproductive improvement  for many different reasons.

1 Billion Years Ago the Tonian begins, another age where Earth is rocks and puddles and oceans.

Life is still invisible to the naked eye.

It does feel different to  witness it like that, right?

Not everybody is having a great time here.

We have evidence of the first unicellular predators emerging around that time.

The dominance of bacteria ends and big boy eukaryotes plant their flags in the oceans.

An arms race between microbes begins that again creates huge diversity.

720 Million Years Ago in the Cryogenian  Earth freezes over again.

635 Million Years Ago the supercontinent  Gondwana forms.

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4.5億年歷史（4.5 Billion Years in 1 Hour）

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