Well, it's because different religions are different answers to the biggest questions of life.

這是因為不同的宗教對人生最大的問題給出了不同的答案。

So that's why people care so much about this.

所以人們才會如此關心這個問題。

Question one, is there a God, and if so, how many?

第一，有上帝嗎，如果有，有多少？

Some people don't believe in any gods or any kind of spirituality at all. These people are called atheists.

有些人根本不相信任何神靈或任何精神信仰，這些人被稱為無神論者。

Atheists don't necessarily believe God doesn't exist; some of them simply lack of a belief that God does exist.

無神論者並不一定相信上帝不存在。有些人只是不相信上帝真的存在。

So some are more agnostic about it.

所以有些人對此持不可知論態度。

But generally, atheists think we don't have any reason to believe in anything beyond the material universe.

但一般來說，無神論者認為我們沒有理由相信物質宇宙之外的任何事物。

But some people who don't believe in God still believe in some kind of spirituality.

但有些不信神的人仍然相信某種精神信仰。

And according to Buddhists, that spirituality should involve denying yourself.

佛教徒認為，這種精神信仰應該包括否定自己。

Here's why.

以下是為什麼。

Buddhism does not teach that Buddha was a God nor did Buddha teach about any gods,

佛教不教導佛陀是神，佛陀也不教導任何神，

but Buddha did teach about the ultimate red pill, which is that life is basically just suffering.

但佛陀確實教導了終極紅色藥丸，那就是人生基本上就是痛苦，

At the root of suffering is desire.

而痛苦的根源就是慾望。

Those are the four noble truths.

以下是四項崇高真理。

Number one, life sucks.

第一，生活糟透了。

Number two, life sucks because you want stuff.

第二，生活很糟糕，因為你有物欲。

Three, if you stop wanting stuff, then your life won't suck.

第三，如果你不再有物欲，那麼你的生活就不會糟糕。

Number four, there's a path you can take to not want stuff anymore.

第四，有一條路可以讓你不再有物欲。

It's simple, really.

這很簡單。真的

The more you desire something, the more disappointed you're gonna be when you don't get it.

你越渴望得到什麼，得不到時就會越失望。

For example, the more you like a pretty girl, the more disappointed you're gonna be when she rejects you and she will.

例如，你越喜歡漂亮女孩，當她拒絕你時，你就會越失望，而她也會這樣做；

The more you love money, the more disappointed you're gonna be when the economy crashes and it will.

你越愛錢，當經濟崩潰時，你就會越失望，而它也會這樣做。

You gotta stop being so attached to all these worldly pleasures, so you need to break that attachment by denying yourself.

你必須停止對所有這些世俗的享樂如此執著，所以你需要透過否定自己來打破這種執著。

And then you can be spiritually free.

然後，你就能獲得精神上的自由。

Life is a cycle of pain.

生命是痛苦的輪迴。

But if you eliminate your desire, you can free yourself from the entire cycle and achieve nirvana, which is true spiritual bliss.

但如果你消除了慾望，就能從整個輪迴中解脫出來，實現涅槃，這才是真正的精神極樂。

Now, some people want spiritual freedom but do not want to deny themselves.

有些人想要精神自由，但又不想否定自己。

This kind of spirituality isn't about self denial at all.

這種精神信仰根本不是自我否定。

It's about the opposite, self-affirmation.

這是一種相反的自我肯定。

It doesn't like the submission involved in traditional religion, but still wants to have the spiritual meaning that traditional religion can provide.

它不喜歡傳統宗教中的屈從，但仍然希望擁有傳統宗教所能提供的精神意義。

It's about the freedom to pave your own spiritual path.

這是關於鋪設自己的精神之路的自由。

So because it's all about spiritual libertarianism, it's not an organized religion, but it's a decentralized set of practices that are becoming increasingly popular among Westerners, particularly women.

因為它完全是關於精神自由主義，所以它不是一個有組織的宗教，而是一套分散的實踐，在西方人，尤其是女性中越來越受歡迎。

Now, some people believe in many gods like some pagans and Hindus.

有些人相信很多神，比如一些異教徒和印度教徒。

The difference is that Hindus believe in reincarnation.

不同之處在於印度教徒相信輪迴。

Pagans are usually polytheists, which means they believe in many gods.

異教徒通常是多神論者，這意味著他們信仰許多神。

The gods usually represent forces in nature, the sun, there's a God for that, the moon, there's a God for that, the sky, there's a God for that, the sea, there's a God for that.

神通常代表自然界的力量，太陽有太陽神，月亮有月亮神，天空有天空神，海洋有海洋神。

Your crops, there's a God for that.

你的莊稼也有上帝保佑。

So because there's a God for every area of life, if you want to succeed in a certain area of life, you need to win the faith of that particular God.

因為生活中的每一個領域都有上帝的眷顧，如果你想在人生的某個領域取得成功，你就需要贏得上帝的信仰。

And often different cultures have different versions of the same gods.

而且，不同的文化往往對同一個神有不同的描述。

Another thing is the gods of paganism are a lot more anthropomorphic or humanlike than they are in other religions.

另外，異教中的神比其他宗教中的神更擬人化或更像人。

The gods are a lot more powerful than humans, but they're still both finite.

諸神比人類強大得多，但他們都是有限的。

They're not all powerful, just like humans.

它們並不像人類一樣無所不能。

Gods will fight each other, get drunk, reproduce and make mistakes.

眾神會互相爭鬥、酩酊大醉、繁衍後代、犯下錯誤。

Ok. Now, do Hindus also believe in many gods?

好的。那麼，印度教徒是否也信奉許多神呢？

Well, it's kind of complicated because there are indeed many gods in Hinduism, but they're all part of the same ultimate reality.

這有點複雜，因為印度教中確實有很多神，但他們都是同一個終極現實的一部分。

Hindus believe that the one ultimate reality encompasses everything, but it's received in many different ways.

印度教徒認為，唯一的終極現實包含了一切，但它有許多不同的接收方式。

They believe there can be many incarnations of God or the gods.

他們相信神或眾神可以有很多化身。

And that's why it's okay to worship idols because the divine expresses itself through the physical.

這就是為什麼崇拜偶像是可以的，因為神通過物質來表達自己。

This is why Hinduism has a more pluralistic approach.

這就是為什麼印度教採用更加多元化的方法，

Instead of having a strict canon of what you must believe the way some religions do, Hinduism is more like a buffet where you can choose to believe what best suits you because God can be received in different ways.

印度教不像某些宗教那樣有嚴格的教規，規定你必須相信什麼，印度教更像是自助餐，你可以選擇相信最適合你的東西，因為可以透過不同的方式接受上帝。

Hinduism also believes that reality is a cycle.

印度教還認為，現實是一個循環。

So that's why they believe in karma and reincarnation.

這就是他們相信因果報應和輪迴的原因。

They believe there's a hierarchy of life forms.

他們認為生命形式有等級之分。

And if you earn bad Karma in this life, you'll move down the hierarchy in the next life, there's also a hierarchy of people.

如果你今生造了惡業，來世你就會被降級，人也是有等級之分的。

And if you earn good Karma in this life, you can move up the hierarchy in the next life.

如果你今生積了善業，來世就能升官發財。

So you could say Hindus are monotheist.

所以你可以說印度教徒是一神論者。

The difference is they believe God is one with the universe rather than separate from it, which is similar to how Sikhs think of God.

不同的是，他們認為上帝與宇宙是一體的，而不是與宇宙分離的，這與錫克教徒對上帝的看法相似。

The difference is that Hindus worship idols and Sikhs do not.

區別在於印度教徒崇拜偶像，而錫克教徒不崇拜偶像。

Sikhism strictly only believes in one God, but not in the way that Western religions do because Western religions see God as something outside and external to the universe.

錫克教嚴格來說只信仰一個神，但與西方宗教不同，因為西方宗教認為神是宇宙之外的、外在的東西。

Whereas Sikhism would agree with Hinduism that God is one with the world.

錫克教同意印度教的觀點，即神與世界是一體的。

But unlike Hinduism, they do not think that that means we can worship idols.

但與印度教不同的是，他們並不認為這意味著我們可以崇拜偶像。

They see God as kind of an unknowable mystery.

他們認為上帝是一個不可知的謎。

But they also believe that the Gurus have been enlightened to teach us how to serve God.

但他們也相信，大師們已經得到啟迪，教導我們如何侍奉上帝。

And that includes working for equality and justice.

這包括為平等和正義而努力。

Western religions, on the other hand, do see God as separate from the universe.

西方宗教另一方面，有人認為上帝與宇宙是分離的。

And deists don't even think God interacts with the universe at all.

自然神論者甚至不認為上帝與宇宙有任何互動。

According to Deism, God is outside the universe and he sort of set the universe in motion but doesn't actually intervene in the natural course of events.

根據自然神論，上帝在宇宙之外，他在某種程度上推動了宇宙的運動，但實際上並沒有乾預事件的自然進程。

So Deism often compares God to a sort of clock maker for the universe.

所以自然神論常常把上帝比作宇宙的時鐘製造者。

Why do they believe this?

他們為什麼會相信這些？

Well, deists think that from reason alone, we can figure out that God exists.

自然神論者認為，僅憑理性，我們就能發現上帝的存在。

But when it comes to divine revelation or so for natural miracles, then they're a lot more skeptical.

但說到神的啟示或自然奇蹟，他們就會懷疑得多。

So God exists but doesn't really care.

所以，上帝存在，但並不關心。

But the abrahamic religions believe God does care and he does interact with the universe.

但亞伯拉罕宗教認為，上帝確實關心宇宙，也確實與宇宙互動。

Ok. So how exactly did he do that?

好的。他到底是怎麼做到的？

Did God become human in Jesus?

上帝在耶穌身上變成了人嗎？

And if not, is Jesus still the Messiah? Judaism doesn't think so.

如果不是，耶穌還是彌賽亞嗎？猶太教不這麼認為。

Judaism is about God's relationship with the Jewish people.

猶太教是關於上帝與猶太人的關係。

They believe they're God's chosen people, chosen by God to bless the world by helping people live rightly.

他們相信自己是上帝的選民，是上帝選中的人，要通過幫助人們正確地生活來保佑這個世界。

And they believe God gave them the Torah to help them accomplish that.

他們相信，上帝賜予他們《聖經》就是為了幫助他們實現這一目標。

Ok. How strictly do they follow the Torah?

好的。他們是如何嚴格遵守《聖經》的？

Well, it depends on who you ask some. Jews follow the Torah really strictly.

這要看你問的是誰，有些猶太人非常嚴格地遵守《妥拉》。

Some of them follow it kind of strictly and some of them don't follow it strictly at all.

有些人嚴格遵守，有些人根本不嚴格遵守。

They also believe in the coming of the Messiah, a Jewish superhero who's going to fix the whole world.

他們還相信彌賽亞的到來，一個將拯救整個世界的猶太超級英雄。

The reason they don't believe Jesus was Messiah is because the world apparently hasn't been fixed yet, but they still believe it's their job to start fixing the world in preparation for when the Messiah does arrive.

他們不相信耶穌是彌賽亞的原因是，世界顯然還沒有被修復，但他們仍然認為，他們的工作就是開始修復世界，為彌賽亞的到來做好準備。

Now, Islam actually does believe Jesus was the messiah, but still strictly not God.

伊斯蘭教確實相信耶穌是彌賽亞，但嚴格說來仍然不是上帝。

They believe he was a prophet, specifically a prophet of Islam because they believe the same God gave different revelations to different prophets over the years.

他們相信他是先知，特別是伊斯蘭教的先知，因為他們相信多年來同一個真主給了不同的先知不同的啟示。

But these revelations gradually got corrupted.

但這些啟示逐漸遭到了破壞。

So God gave the final and perfect revelation to Muhammad in the Koran.

所以真主在《古蘭經》中給了穆罕默德最終和完美的啟示。

They see Islam as the fulfillment of Christianity and Judaism.

他們認為伊斯蘭教是基督教和猶太教的繼承。

So they do believe Jesus was a very important prophet.

所以他們確實相信耶穌是一位非常重要的先知。

They believe he was the promised messiah.

他們相信他就是應許的彌賽亞。

And they even believe he was born to a virgin, but they do not believe he was God and they do not believe he rose from the dead.

他們甚至相信他是處女所生，但不相信他是上帝，也不相信他從死裡復活。

They believe that he didn't even die.

他們認為，他甚至沒有死。

God just made it appear that way.

上帝只是讓它看起來是這樣。

Muslims believe that the Koran is the direct word of God.

穆斯林相信《古蘭經》是真主的直接言辭。

It's flawless, it's eternal and it's been perfectly preserved.

它是完美無瑕的，它是永恆的，它被完美地保存了下來。

And it also says how to submit to God.

它還提到了如何服從上帝。

And that's very important because the meaning of Islam is to submit.

這一點非常重要，因為伊斯蘭教的含義就是臣服。

God is ruler of the entire universe and all humans are called to submit to God.

上帝是整個宇宙的主宰，全人類都應服從上帝。

And eventually, God is gonna reward those who do good and punish those who do evil.

最終，上帝會獎賞行善者，懲罰作惡者。

And if you want to know how to do good by submitting to God, there's five big ways to do so.

如果你想知道如何通過順服上帝來行善，有五大方法。

The biggest focus of Islam is the fact that there is only one God.

伊斯蘭教最大的焦點是只有一個神。

There is nothing like God and God is so pure and so far above the universe that God couldn't possibly become human.

沒有任何東西能與真主相提並論，真主是如此純潔，如此高高在上，以至於真主不可能變成人類。

Christianity is very different, however, because it teaches God did become human.

然而，基督教卻截然不同，因為它教導人們上帝確實變成了人。

Christianity is all about Christ. Jesus is truly human, just like the rest of us.

基督教的真諦在於耶穌是真正的人，就像我們其他人一樣。

But he's also truly God, just like God the Father.

但他也是真正的神，就像天父一樣。

And because he's truly human and truly God, he's the only one who can bridge the gap between humans and God.

因為他是真正的人，也是真正的神，所以他是唯一能夠彌合人與神之間鴻溝的人。

And there is a gap because God is perfect, almighty and eternal.

之所以存在差距，是因為上帝是完美的、全能的、永恆的。

Whereas we humans are sinful, weak and corrupted, but still in his infinite love and mercy.

而我們人類是有罪的、軟弱的、墮落的，但仍在他無限的愛和憐憫之中。

God came down, became human and died for our sins and he rose from the dead and eventually is going to raise the rest of us from the dead as well.

上帝降世為人，為我們的罪而死，他從死裡復活，最終也會讓我們從死裡復活。

What's unique about Christianity is we don't actually have to be good enough for God because God already did that for us when he became human and died for us.

基督教的獨特之處在於，我們實際上不需要對上帝足夠好，因為上帝在成為人類併為我們而死時，已經為我們做到了這一點。

So we just need to be united to Christ and then we can participate in God's eternal life.

所以我們只需與基督聯合，就能參與上帝的永生。

Ok. But how do we do that?

好，但要怎麼做到？

For those who have faith in Christ, the Holy Spirit unites them to Christ because the Holy Spirit is the spirit of Christ and he's the spirit of the Father.

對於那些相信基督的人來說，聖靈將他們與基督結合起來，因為聖靈是基督的靈，也是天父的靈。

These three persons have relationships with one another, but they're still all the same being.

這三個人彼此有關係，但他們仍然是同一個存在。

So Christianity still only believes in one God.

所以基督教仍然只相信一個上帝。

All of this is revealed in the Bible, which is the story about Jesus.

所有這些都在《聖經》中有所揭示，而《聖經》就是關於耶穌的故事。

Spoiler Alert!

暴雷警告！

Jesus wins in the end. He defeated death when he rose from the dead.

耶穌最終獲勝，他從死裡復活，戰勝了死亡。

And when he comes back, he's going to destroy all evil in the world and make the world perfect, just like he united God and man, Jesus is also going to unite heaven and earth.

當他再來時，他將摧毀世界上所有的邪惡，讓世界變得完美，就像他將上帝和人類結合在一起一樣，耶穌也將把天堂和地球結合在一起。

So all these religions teach very different things.

所有這些宗教的教義都截然不同。

Some people try and respect all religions by saying they're all basically teaching the same thing.

有些人試圖尊重所有宗教，說它們基本上都教導同樣的東西。

But this actually disrespects all religions by discarding the uniqueness of their claims.

但這實際上是對所有宗教的不尊重，因為它摒棄了宗教主張的獨特性。

The truth is that religion raises the biggest questions of life that everyone needs to answer for themselves.

事實上，宗教提出了每個人都需要自己回答的人生最大問題。