This is News Review from BBC Learning English. I'm Beth.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞回顧。我叫 Beth。

And I'm Phil. Make sure you watch to the end to learn the vocabulary that you need to talk about this story.

我叫 Phil，請務必看完學習談論這個故事所需的詞彙。

And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video and try the quiz on our website.

別忘了訂閱我們的頻道，喜歡這部影片並嘗試在我們的網站上進行測驗。

Now, the story.

現在，故事開始了。

The scientists whose research made some of the Covid vaccines possible have won the Nobel Prize for medicine.

其研究成果造就了部分 Covid 疫苗的科學家們有可能獲得諾貝爾醫學獎。

Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman's research means that something called mRNA can be used to make vaccines.

卡塔林-卡里科和德魯-魏斯曼的研究意味著一種叫做 mRNA 的東西可用於製造疫苗。

Kariko had previously been criticised by fellow academics who felt that her approach would not work.

Kariko曾經受到其他學者的批評，他們認為她的方法行不通。

You've been looking at the headlines, what's the vocabulary?

你一直在看頭條新聞，詞彙是什麼？

We have: 'laid foundation', 'maverick' and 'spurred'.

我們有「奠定基礎」、「特立獨行」和 「鞭策」。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是 BBC Learning English 的新聞回顧。

Let's have a look now at our first headline.

現在讓我們來看看第一個標題。

This is from the Washington Post: Nobel Prize in medicine awarded to scientists who laid foundation for messenger RNA vaccines.

這是《華盛頓郵報》的報導：諾貝爾醫學獎頒發給奠定信使RNA疫苗基礎的科學家。

As this headline says, the Nobel Prize in medicine has been awarded to the scientists whose research led to the development of certain Covid vaccines.

正如這個標題所說，諾貝爾醫學獎頒發給了那些研究為某些新冠疫苗的發展奠定基礎的科學家。

Let's look at 'laid foundations', though, isn't foundations something to do with building?

讓我們來看看「奠定的基礎」，不過，地基這個字不是與建築有關嗎？

Yes, a foundation is the bit at the bottom of the building, often under the ground and it's the bit that you build, or lay, first and then everything else is built on top of it.

是的，「foundation」在這裡指的是建築物的基礎，通常位於建築物底部，常常埋在地下，是最先建造或鋪設的部分，之後所有的結構都建築在它之上。

OK, but this headline, isn't about buildings.

好吧，但這個標題與建築物無關。

So, are there other things that we can use the word 'foundation' for?

那麼，我們還能用「基礎」這個詞來形容其他事物嗎？

Well, we use this idea that a foundation supports other things.

我們使用這個概念來表示基礎支撐其他事物。

So, for example, when you're learning a language, if you know grammar very well, then that's a good foundation to learn the rest of the language.

所以，例如，當你學習一門語言時，如果你對語法非常熟悉，那麼這就是學習該語言其他部分的良好基礎。

It supports learning the rest of the language.

它支持學習其他語言。

OK, so the research that these scientists carried out, supported the development of the mRNA vaccines - it laid the foundation for them.

好的，這些科學家進行的研究支持了mRNA疫苗的開發 - 它為它們奠定了基礎。

Now Beth, could you say that visiting the BBC Learning English website every day lays a great foundation for learning English?

現在，Beth，每天訪問BBC Learning English網站能為學習英語打下了良好的基礎嗎？

Do you know what? I think you could. And you should!

你知道嗎？我覺得你可以，也應該這麼做！

OK, let's look at that again.

好吧，讓我們再看一遍。

Let's have our next headline.

我們來看看下一個標題。

This is from RFI: Katalin Kariko, scientific maverick who paved way for mRNA vaccines.

這是來自RFI的報導：Katalin Kariko，為mRNA疫苗鋪平道路的科學獨行俠。

This headline is about one of the scientists, Katalin Kariko, who paved the way - that means she made this vaccine possible.

這個標題是關於科學家Katalin Kariko的，她為這項疫苗鋪路 - 這表示她使得這種疫苗的發展成為可能。

We are going to look at 'maverick' - that's how she is described in the headline.

我們將看看「maverick」 - 這是在標題中用來描述她的詞語。

Can you tell us about it, Phil?

能跟我們說說嗎，Phil？

Yes, we use the word 'maverick' to describe people who think and do things that no one else would even think of doing.

是的，我們使用「maverick」來形容那些思考和做事情的人，這些事情其他人甚至都不會考慮去做。

Beth, are you a bit of a maverick?

Beth，你是不是有點特立獨行？

Well, Phil. You write these scripts.

Phil，這些劇本都是你寫的

It takes you a long time. You come in, you learn your lines, so does Neil.

這需要很長時間。你進來，你練習你的臺詞，Neil 也是。

I just come in and say what I want. I don't need your scripts!

我只是進來說我想說的。我不需要你的腳本！

You are a maverick, Beth.

你確實是個特立獨行的人，Beth。

Now, Katalin Kariko is being described as a maverick here because originally, lots of other scientists didn't believe that her approach would work.

現在，Katalin Kariko 被形容為一個獨行俠，因為最初許多其他科學家並不相信她的方法會奏效。

That's right. OK, let's look at that again.

這就對了。好，我們再看一遍。

Next headline, please.

下一個標題。

This is from CBC: Scientists who spurred development of mRNA Covid-19 vaccines win Nobel medicine prize.

這是 CBC 的報導：推動 mRNA 新冠疫苗發展的科學家獲得諾貝爾醫學獎。

Now we're going to learn the word 'spurred'. Isn't this something to do with horses?

我們要學習的詞是「spurred」。這個字不是跟馬有關嗎？

Yes, it is.

是的。

We've all seen cowboy films, right?

我們都看過牛仔電影，對吧？

Think about what the cowboys wear, particularly think about their boots.

想想牛仔們都穿什麼，特別是他們的靴子。

Now, on the back of their boots they have these spiky things called 'spurs' and cowboys used to use these to make the horses go faster - by hurting them.

在他們的靴子後面有一種叫做「spurs」的尖刺狀物，牛仔過去用這些來催促馬走得更快 - 通過刺激牠們而達到目的。

That doesn't sound very nice.

聽起來不太好。

I don't think it is.

確實不太好。

But nowadays, we use this word 'spur' to mean, encourage or make something happen.

但現在，我們使用「spur」這個詞的意思是鼓勵或促使某事發生。

We can also say that something spurs something on and that's a phrasal verb.

我們還可以說某事「spurs something on」，這是一個片語動詞，意指激勵或推動某事。

Now, that reminds me, I've just been to India and I had the most incredible food and it's really spurred me to try some new recipes or spurred me on to try some new recipes.

這讓我想起，我剛去了印度，品嚐了最令人難以置信的美食，這真的激發我嘗試一些新食譜，或者可以說是激勵我嘗試一些新食譜。

Beth, you're gonna have to bring some of that in for us to try, I think.

Beth，我想你應該要給我們一些試試看。

In the original story, the research that these scientists did spurred on the development of new vaccines.

在原始故事中，這些科學家進行的研究推動了新疫苗的開發。

They made it or encouraged it to happen

他們製造或鼓勵它發生。

Taht's right. OK, let's look at that again.

對好，我們再看一遍。

We've had 'laid foundations' - made something possible.

我們談到了「laid foundations」 - 使某事成為可能。

'Maverick' - not like anyone else.

「Maverick」 - 不像其他人。

'Spurred' - encouraged to happen.

「Spurred」 - 鼓勵發生。

Now, if you're interested in vaccines, you'll love our episode of News Review about a potential cancer vaccine.

現在，如果你對疫苗感興趣，你一定會喜歡我們的談論一種潛在的癌症疫苗的新聞回顧節目。

Click here to watch it.

點擊此處觀看。

And don't forget to click here to subscribe to our channel, so you never miss another video.

別忘了點擊這裡訂閱我們的頻道，這樣你就不會錯過任何影片了。

Thanks for joining us. Bye! - Bye.

感謝您加入我們。再見。 - 掰！