Planned obsolescence is a business strategy where  products are designed with a limited useful life,  

計劃報廢是一種業務策略，其中產品的使用壽命被設計為有限，

ensuring they become obsolete or  non-functional after a certain period.

以確保它們在一定時期後變得過時或無法使用。

This approach encourages consumers to  

這種方法鼓勵消費者

purchase the next product version or  a replacement, driving repeat sales.

購買下一個產品版本或替代產品，從而推動重複銷售。

Critics argue it leads to wasteful  consumption and environmental harm,  

批評者認為 ，由於產品過早丟棄

as products are discarded prematurely.

，這會導致浪費性消費和環境危害

Proponents believe it spurs technological  advancement and keeps industries competitive.

。 支持者認為它可以刺激技術進步並保持行業競爭力。

The strategy can manifest in  various ways: introducing newer  

此策略可透過多種方式體現：引入

models with enhanced features, designing  products with hard-to-replace components,  

具有增強功能的新型號，設計具有難以更換組件的產品，

or using software updates that  aren't compatible with older devices.

或使用與舊設備不相容的軟體更新。

While it can boost economic growth, the  ethical and environmental implications of  

雖然它可以促進經濟成長，但計劃報廢的道德和環境影響

planned obsolescence have sparked debates  about sustainability and consumer rights.

引發了有關永續性和消費者權利的爭論。