The "No True Scotsman" fallacy  is a logical fallacy where one  

“沒有真正的蘇格蘭人”謬誤是一種邏輯謬誤，人們

changes the definition of a term to exclude  a counterexample and protect their assertion.

改變術語的定義以排除反例並保護他們的主張。

For instance, if someone claims "No  Scotsman puts sugar in his porridge,"  

例如，如果有人聲稱“沒有蘇格蘭人在他的粥裡放糖”，

and is countered with "But my uncle from  Scotland does," they might respond "Well,  

並用“但是我來自蘇格蘭的叔叔放糖”來反駁，他們可能會回答“嗯，

no true Scotsman puts sugar in his porridge."

沒有真正的蘇格蘭人在他的粥裡放糖。”

The fallacy involves subtly shifting  the criteria of 'being a Scotsman'  

這一謬論涉及巧妙地改變“作為蘇格蘭人”的標準

to fit the desired conclusion,  ignoring any valid exceptions.

以適應期望的結論，而忽略任何有效的例外。

This fallacy is often used to dismiss  evidence that could disprove a person's  

這種謬論經常被用來駁回可能反駁一個人的

belief or argument, making it a form of circular  

信念或論點的證據，使其成為一種循環

reasoning. It's named after a hypothetical  conversation about the habits of Scotsmen.

推理的形式。它以關於蘇格蘭人習慣的假設對話命名。