Name: 為什麼你可以合法地從一艘沉沒的船上偷東西 (Why You Can Legally Steal From a Sinking Ship)
Uploaded: 2023-05-05T03:30:24.000Z
Duration: 6 min 55 s

進階被動語態

Back in 1994, NASA was transporting an ET-70 fuel tank from New Orleans to Cape Canaveral, to be delivered to the Kennedy Space Center.

早在1994年，美國宇航局正在將一個ET-70燃料箱從新奧爾良運到卡納維拉爾角、將被送至肯尼迪航天中心。 

It was a two-boat job—an ocean-going barge named Poseidon and its tugboat escort, the J.A. Orgeron.

這是一項雙船作業--一艘名為 "海神 "的遠洋駁船和它的拖船護航，即 "海神 "號。J.A. 奧格隆。 

But right around here, off the coast of Florida, the two got caught in a tropical storm, and the tugboat lost power.

但就在這附近，在佛羅里達州的海岸，兩人被捲入了一場熱帶風暴，而拖船失去動力。 

The barge, with its fuel tank hangar acting as a sail, started to drag the tugboat further out to sea.

駁船以其油箱機庫為帆，開始進一步拖拽拖船他們向當地海岸警衛隊請求幫助，但當地海岸警衛隊 就像，"哦，對不起，我們現在正忙著不在熱帶風暴中死亡。" 

They requested help from the local Coast Guard, but the local Coast Guard was like, "oh sorry, we're busy not dying in a tropical storm right now."

At that point, the tugboat's only option for survival was to cut the barge—and its millions of dollars worth of cargo—loose.

在這一點上，拖船唯一的生存選擇是切斷駁船--它的船體。價值數百萬美元的貨物鬆動。 

Now, most people might see this and think, "Hmm, this is a bad situation,"

現在，大多數人可能看到這一點並認為，"嗯，這是一個糟糕的情況，"但有一群不同的人可能會看到這一點，而且也有一艘大型的海上船隻、 

but there's a different group of people who might see this, and also have a large marine vessel, a thorough understanding of maritime law, and possibly a psychopathy diagnosis and think "Oh, actually, this is an awesome situation."

對海商法有透徹的瞭解，可能還需要有心理變態的診斷和思考"哦，實際上，這是一個了不起的情況。" 

Well, because, it turns out that due to some obscure, ancient maritime laws, the first person to drag this barge back to shore would be able to legally claim a percentage of its cargo from NASA.

嗯，因為，事實證明，由於一些晦澀難懂的古代海商法，第一個將這艘駁船拖回岸邊的人將能夠合法地要求獲得其一定比例的收益。 來自美國國家航空航天局的貨物。 

Yeah, that's right, you can still legally plunder ships... kind of.

是的，這是正確的，你仍然可以合法地掠奪船隻...樣的。 

Normally, cases like this don't come down to obscure maritime laws that need to be explained in six minute YouTube videos.

通常情況下，像這樣的案件不會歸結為需要解釋的晦澀難懂的海商法。在六分鐘的YouTube視頻中。 

A few dozen large cargo ships are lost at sea every year, and in most of these cases,

每年有幾十艘大型貨船在海上失事，而在大多數情況下、

the company that owns the ship doesn't need to go to admiralty court with whatever Yahoo happens to paddle up to their multi-million-dollar mistake first;

擁有這艘船的公司不需要去海事法庭與任何雅虎公司合作。碰巧的是，他們的數百萬美元的錯誤首先被劃掉了；通常情況下，發生的事情就是 稱為 "合同搶救"。 

usually what happens is something called "contract salvage."

The way this works is pretty straightforward; whoever owns the ship in peril will draw up a contract with a dedicated salvage firm to save as much of the ship or cargo as possible.

其運作方式非常簡單；誰擁有處於危險中的船隻，誰就會制定出與專門的打撈公司簽訂合同，儘可能多地保存船舶或貨物。 

Take, for example, the Costa Concordia—the universe's answer to the question, "What would happen if we let an Italian drive a boat?"

以科斯塔-康科迪亞號為例--宇宙對 "什麼 "這一問題的答案。如果我們讓一個意大利人開船會發生什麼？" 

This was one of the biggest salvage contracts ever awarded, and was fought over for months.

這是有史以來最大的打撈合同之一，併為之爭奪了幾個月。

It eventually went to two firms—Titan Salvage and Micoperi—who worked together to refloat the ship and scrap what was left for a predetermined sum.

它最終被兩家公司--Titan打撈公司和Micoperi--共同合作，將其重新浮起。艦，並以預先確定的金額報廢剩下的東西。 

But I'm not here to talk to you about how contracts work; I'm here to ask a much more interesting question: what happens if a ship is salvaged before a contract is written?

但我不是來跟你談合同如何運作的；我是來問一個更重要的問題。有趣的問題：如果一艘船在合同寫好之前就被打撈起來會怎樣？ 

The intuitive answer is, well... nothing.

直觀的答案是，嗯...沒有什麼。 

If someone crashes their car, and you tear the rearview mirror out of the smoldering wreckage, you don't get to keep it. That would be stealing, and also, like... weird behavior.

如果有人撞車，而你把後視鏡從冒煙的車中扯出來殘骸，你不能保留它。 這將是偷竊，也是，像......奇怪的行為。 

But at sea, there's no such thing as weird behavior, and so there exists a little-known legal principle called "pure salvage"—

但在海上，沒有所謂的怪異行為，是以，存在著一種鮮為人知的稱為 "純粹的搶救 "的法律原則--即如果有人自願拯救 他們應該有權獲得船舶貨物的一定比例。 

the idea that if someone volunteers to rescue a ship, they should be entitled to a percentage of its cargo.

If that sounds old-fashioned, it's because it is.

如果這聽起來很老套，那是因為它是：拜占庭帝國發展了這個原則，因為任何沒有被救援的船隻都會被海盜搶走，而 事實證明，在這1500年中，我們只是有點想不出 任何更好的系統。 

The Byzantine empire developed this principle because any ship that wasn't rescued would just get scooped up by pirates,

and it turns out that in the intervening 1500 years, we just kind of couldn't think of any better system.

But as you might imagine, the modern legal proceedings for "Hey, I just rescued this guy's sinking ship and now I want his stuff"  are... a little complicated.

但正如你所想象的那樣，現代的法律程序對於 "嘿，我剛剛救了這個他的船正在沉沒，現在我想要他的東西"，這有點複雜。 

So, let's go back to our story, where a tugboat had to make the tough decision to abandon millions of dollars worth of spaceship juice in the ocean off the coast of Florida.

是以，讓我們回到我們的故事，一艘拖船不得不做出艱難的決定，以將價值數百萬美元的宇宙飛船汁液拋棄在佛羅里達州海岸外的海洋中。 

Orgeron cut the barge loose, it contacted the captain of a nearby oil tanker named the Cherry Valley who believed he could help.

Orgeron把駁船弄鬆了，它聯繫了附近一艘名為 "The New York "的油船的船長。櫻桃谷的人認為他可以提供幫助。 

He attached tow lines to the tugboat and barge, and managed to drag them safely back to Port Canaveral.

他在拖船和駁船上繫上了牽引線，並設法將它們安全地拖回了港口。卡納維拉爾。 

Now, this was a relatively rare situation where someone had—accidentally—met all three modern legal criteria to make a pure salvage claim.

現在，這是一個相對罕見的情況，有人意外地遇到了所有的三個現代的法律標準來提出純打撈的要求。 

The first of these is called "real peril;" if you're trying to claim the cargo, you have to prove to a court that the cargo was actually in danger.

其中第一種被稱為 "真正的危險"；如果你想索賠貨物，你要必須向法院證明，貨物確實處於危險之中。 

You can't just drag a boat to shore on a nice sunny day and demand some of its cargo.

你不能在一個陽光明媚的日子裡把船拖到岸上，要求它的一些貨物。

The degree of danger is also relevant—the court will usually determine how much the salvor is entitled to based on how much danger the cargo was in in the first place.

危險的程度也是相關的--法院通常會確定有多少救助人有權根據貨物最初的危險程度獲得賠償。 

The second condition is "voluntary service,"  which is kind of a weird one; basically, anyone can be a salvor—a baby in an inner tube could be a salvor—but only if the baby volunteered.

第二個條件是 "自願服務"，這是一個有點奇怪的條件；基本上，任何人可以成為打撈者--在內胎中的嬰兒可以成為打撈者，但前提是嬰兒自願。 

In other words, you can't make a pure salvage claim if you had to save the cargo.

換句話說，如果你不得不拯救貨物，你就不能提出純粹的打撈索賠。

The coast guard, for example, can't make pure salvage claims because it's their official duty to guard coasts.

例如，海岸警衛隊不能進行純粹的打撈索賠，因為這是他們的官方行為。保衛海岸的責任。 

This also applies to anyone who's under contract to save the cargo—the firms hired by the Costa Concordia folks wouldn't have been able to turn around and say that they were actually doing pure salvage instead of contract salvage, even if it would make them more money in the end.

這也適用於任何簽訂合同拯救貨物的人--被僱用的公司如果是歌詩達康科迪亞號的人，就不可能轉過頭來說，他們 實際上是在做純粹的打撈而不是合同打撈，即使這將使他們 最終會有更多的錢。 

And generally, anyone working on a ship would be under a similar sort of contract, so you can't just start looting things as soon as you see a big wave approaching.

一般來說，在船上工作的人都會有類似的合同，所以你不能一看到有大浪來襲就開始搶奪東西。 

This also rules out anyone acting in self-preservation; if, for whatever reason, saving the cargo also means saving yourself, then you don't get money for being a good boy.

這也排除了任何出於自我保護的行為；如果出於任何原因，拯救貨物也意味著拯救自己，那麼你就不會因為做一個好孩子而得到錢。 

The last condition is "success," and this is a bit of a harsh one.

最後一個條件是 "成功"，這個條件有點苛刻。

Pure salvage claims are made under what's called a "no cure, no pay" basis, which means that if you fail to successfully salvage anything—regardless of how much time, risk, or money you put in—you get nothing.

純粹的搶救性索賠是在所謂的 "不治療，不付費 "的基礎上進行的，這就是意味著，如果你未能成功搶救任何東西--不管有多少時間、風險、 或你投入的錢，你什麼也得不到。 

This is part of the reason why pure salvage is so uncommon these days, particularly for actual salvage firms, because spending hundreds of millions of dollars on a salvage mission where you might not get any money whatsoever is not what we call a big-brain business move.

這也是為什麼現在純粹的打撈是如此不常見的部分原因，特別是對於實際的打撈公司，因為花費數億美元的打撈任務 在那裡你可能得不到任何錢，這不是我們所說的大腦袋商業行動。 

There are a few modern exceptions to this, mostly in cases where the ship or cargo aren't saved, but where someone does something to stop the ship from leaking oil everywhere and turning the ocean into pelican soup—that got classified as salvage in 1989 when the soyboy SJWs took over our admiralty courts.

這方面有一些現代的例外情況，主要是在船舶或貨物不在的情況下。得救了，但有人做了一些事情來阻止船隻到處漏油的地方 並將海洋變成鵜鶘湯--這在1989年被歸類為打撈物，當時 醬油男孩SJWs接管了我們的海事法庭。 

So, our story does have a happy ending: after fulfilling these three criteria, the crew of the Cherry Valley took the tugboat to court in Louisiana and were awarded 6.4 million dollars—an eighth of the value of the barge and cargo—and then presumably sailed off into the sunset, to do whatever it is that oil tanker crews would do with 6.4 million dollars.

是以，我們的故事確實有一個快樂的結局：在滿足了這三個標準之後，工作人員櫻桃谷號將拖船告上路易斯安那州的法庭，並獲得了640萬的賠償。 美元--相當於駁船和貨物價值的八分之一--然後大概是開走了。 進入日落時分，去做油輪船員要做的640萬件事。 美元。 

Now, I don't know what oil tanker crews would do with their salvage money.

現在，我不知道油輪船員們會用他們的打撈費做什麼。

But I know what they should do: subscribe to our sponsor Nebula, so they can watch Half as Interesting's Crime Spree—a country-spanning travel competition show that eventually morphed into Jet Lag and is exclusively available on Nebula.

但我知道他們應該怎麼做：訂閱我們的贊助商星雲，這樣他們就可以看到半邊天了作為《有趣的犯罪三部曲》--一個跨越國家的旅遊競賽節目，最終演變成了《有趣的犯罪三部曲》。 進入時差，並在星雲網獨家發售。 

Four years ago, some of my creator friends and I had this idea for a streaming service that gives both creators and their audiences a better deal: no ads, bigger budgets, no algorithm calling the shots… that idea became Nebula, and Nebula became a huge success.

四年前，我和我的一些創作者朋友有了一個流媒體服務的想法為創作者和他們的觀眾提供了更好的交易：沒有廣告，更大的預算，沒有 算法發號施令......這個想法變成了星雲，而星雲也取得了巨大成功。 

We have some of the most engaged users in all of streaming, meaning people who sign up for Nebula really use it and really love it.

我們有一些在所有流媒體中參與度最高的用戶，也就是說，那些簽了字的人，都是我們的用戶。了星雲真的使用它，真的很喜歡它。 

We've got early releases, companion pieces, and exclusive originals from tons of your favorite YouTubers, from RealLifeLore to PhilosophyTube to Tier Zoo to something called Ween-dover?

我們有早期發行的作品、配套作品和獨家原創作品，這些作品來自你的許多朋友。從RealLifeLore到PhilosophyTube，再到Tier Zoo，還有一個叫Ween-dover的東西，這些都是你最喜歡的YouTubers？ 

不知道那是什麼，但似乎很酷。

And right now, Half As Interesting viewers can get an annual Nebula subscription for just two-fifty a month—or half as priced.

而現在，《半邊天》的觀眾可以獲得星雲年度訂閱，價格為一個月只需兩百五十元，或者價格的一半。 

It's kind of a perfect deal: you get half off Nebula's full library of amazing content—from this, to this, to these, to those, to that—and HAI gets a cut of your fee so we can keep making the quasi-satirical edutainment niblets you know and love.

這是一種完美的交易：你可以得到星雲的全部驚人內容的半價，從這個、這個、這些、那些、那個--HAI從你的費用中抽成，這樣我們就可以保持 製作你所知道和喜愛的準諷刺性寓教於樂的小品。 

If that sounds good to you, head over to nebula.tv/hai and sign up today, and thanks so much in advance for your support!

如果你覺得這聽起來不錯，今天就去nebula.tv/hai報名吧，事先非常感謝。為您的支持! 