Name: 【CNN10】矽谷銀行破產、加州暴雨灌爆河堤、世界衛生組織呼籲食物減鹽｜2023 年 3 月 14 日（The Silicon Valley Bank Collapse | March 14, 2023）
Uploaded: 2023-03-20T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 10 min 1 s

Welcome to March 14th, the birthday of one of the smartest people to ever live.

歡迎來到 3 月 14 日、名列史上最聰明的人的生日。

分詞構句

物理學家愛因斯坦，是在 1879 年誕生的。

And everybody knows that Albert Einstein was a genius; his brother Frank, though, was a real monster.

大家都知道愛因斯坦是位天才，但他的弟弟Frank 則是不折不扣的怪獸。（譯註：取愛因斯坦姓氏中 -nstein 與《科學怪人》Frankenstein 中也有 -nstein 的諧音）

Hey, yo, dad joke to start your Tuesday off right; I'm Coy Wire, this is CNN10, and we've got a big show today.

分享個老爸笑話來展開這個週二，我是 Coy Wire、這是 CNN10 節目，今天節目內容很豐富。

And we start with the collapse of a bank in the United States over the weekend that has people worried about losing their money and businesses on the verge of going under.

今天節目開始，我們先聊到美國一間銀行於上週末倒閉，使得人們擔心自己賠錢以及企業也面臨崩潰。

Silicon Valley Bank, an epicenter for tech start-up companies with $175 billion in deposits at the end of 2022, has collapsed.

截至 2022 年底擁有 1,750 億美元存款的科技新創公司集中點矽谷銀行倒閉了。

One reason? Those rapidly rising interest rates we've been talking so much about on this show.

原因之一？我們時常在節目中討論到、那些急速上升的利率。

Well, they made the treasuries in which the bank had invested money less valuable.

他們使得銀行投資的金庫變得更沒有價值。

So, the bank started to sell them at a loss, and that scared people who had money there.

所以說，銀行開始虧本出售，而那讓在銀行中存錢的人感到害怕。

So, they went on what's called a bank run, withdrawing all their money in a panic.

所以他們進行了所謂的擠兌，在恐慌中提出了所有的錢。

The more people that did that, the more others wanted to do the same.

越多人這麼做，就越多想要效仿的人。

The FDIC, or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, seized control of the bank, and President Biden said yesterday that all depositors would get their money back.

簡稱 FDIC 的聯邦存款保險公司取得該銀行的控制權，而拜登總統則在昨天聲明，所有儲戶都將拿回自己的錢。

And businesses that kept assets there, well, they would have money to pay their employees.

還有資產存在該行的企業也會有錢支付員工的薪資。

The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank had a ripple effect on a second bank⏤the same sort of bank run hit Signature Bank shortly after.

矽谷銀行的倒閉對另一間銀行產生了連鎖反應，Signature 銀行不久後也出現類似的擠兌現象。

It had its doors slammed shut as regulators warned that keeping it open could threaten the entire financial system's stability.

由於監管機構警告繼續開放可能會威脅到全金融體系的穩定性，因此它關上了大門。

Now, there are fears that other banks may be next.

人們現在擔憂其它銀行可能是下個受害者。

There's a term for this sort of spread of fear over people losing money when banks collapse; it's called contagion.

這種當銀行倒閉時，民眾出現擴散性的賠錢恐懼有個專有名詞，也就是「傳染效應」。

So, yesterday morning, President Biden addressed the nation for the first time publicly to try to ease those fears,

所以拜登總統在昨天上午初次向全國發表演說，試圖緩解恐懼感，

knowing that the panic could cause a devastating economic fallout for people and businesses around the world.

深知恐慌可能對世球人民和企業造成毀滅性的經濟影響。

All customers who had deposits in these banks can rest assured.

在這些銀行有帳戶的客戶都可以放心。

Rest assured they'll be protected, and they'll have access to their money as of today.

請相信他們會受到保護，並將從今天開始便可以取得自己的存款。

That includes small businesses across the country that bank there and need to make payroll, pay their bills, and stay open for business.

那包括全國在該行進行業務往來、需要支付薪水、帳單以及繼續開張營業的小型企業。

No losses will be⏤and, I mean, this is an important point, no losses will be borne by the taxpayers.

不會有損失——我想強調很重要的一點，納稅人將不須承擔任何損失。

Let me repeat that: No losses will be borne by the taxpayers.

讓我重申：納稅人將不須承擔任何損失。

Instead, the money will come from the fees that banks pay into the deposit insurance fund.

取而代之地，這筆錢將來自銀行支付給存款保險基金的費用。

Because of the actions that our regulator's already taken, every American should feel confident that the deposits will be there if and when they need them.

由於我們的監管機構已經採取的行動，每個美國人都應該相信，只要有需要，就可以取得存款。

Second, the management of these banks will be fired.

第二，這些銀行的管理層將被解僱。

If the bank is taken over by FDIC, the people running the bank should not work there anymore.

如果銀行被 FDIC 接管，經營銀行的人就不該繼續在那裡工作。

Third, investors in the banks will not be protected.

第三，銀行的投資者將不會受到保護。

They knowingly took a risk, and when the risk didn't pay off, investors lose their money⏤that's how capitalism works.

他們很清楚地冒了風險，當風險沒有回報時，投資者就會虧錢，這就是資本主義的運作方式。

And fourth, there are important questions of how these banks got into the circumstance in the first place.

第四，還有一些這些銀行究竟是如何落得如此下場的重要問題。

We must get the full accounting of what happened and why those responsible can be held accountable.

我們必須取得事發過程的完整描述，以及為何可以向負責的人咎責。

Up next, an update on the intense flooding in California.

緊接著是加州嚴重水災的最新消息。

A levee, or a barrier designed to stop the flow of water, was breached in California's Pajaro River this week, and the river overflowed out of control towards the people and homes nearby.

加州帕賈羅河的堤壩（亦即設計來阻擋水流的屏障）於本週被沖破，而河水失控地潮鄰近民眾與家園湧流。

One of the worst levee failures was in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2005.

史上最嚴重的堤壩破防事件發生在 2005 年路易斯安那州的紐奧良。

It led to 80% of the flooding in the city during Hurricane Katrina.

它導致了卡崔娜颶風侵襲期間、城裡八成的水災。

CNN correspondent Mike Valerio was in Pajaro during the evacuations.

CNN 記者 Mike Valerio 在疏散期間身處帕哈羅。

Warnings of intense sustained flooding in the days ahead, after California's latest atmospheric river compromised part of the critical levee,

在加州最新的大氣河流破壞堤壩部分後，出現未來幾天強烈持續洪水的警告，

sending this rushing river into homes, farms, and trapping families in the small community of Pajaro.

災害使得河水流向家園與農場，困住帕哈羅這個小社區的各個家庭。

We really didn't expect it to happen, but here we are now.

我們沒有預期這件事發生，但現在困在這個處境。

They started evacuating at, I think, at 12 in the morning or 1 in the morning, and they just started a⏤National Guards are just taking people out as they go.

我想他們是在半夜 12 點或凌晨 1 點開始疏散的，而才剛開始——國民警衛隊也是邊動作邊拯救人民。

Officials say an 11th atmospheric river system forecast for Monday could send more water rushing through the still breached levee.

官方表示，預測週一將出現第 11 起大氣河流系統，可能會使更多河水衝往仍然破防的堤壩。

There could be more water in our backdrop, but there will also be more water throughout the county.

未來可能會有更多水災，全縣也會出現更多的水量。

The raging floodwaters leading to a dramatic aerial rescue captured above the Salinas River.

洶湧的洪水導致薩利納斯河上空的戲劇性救援。

California highway patrol saving a man stranded on an island after floodwater swept him and his car into the river.

加州公路刑警拯救了一名島上落單的男子，洪水將他和他的車子沖進河中。

The man (was) brought to dry land, unharmed.

該男子毫髮無傷地被帶回岸上。

We are dealing with rain and wind events that I can only describe as a super-soaker saturation event.

我們正在應付的風雨現象，我只能稱之為濕度超飽和事件。

But an undeniable sense of flood fatigue creeping in, even as officials issued new evacuation orders for more communities near the Salinas River.

但不可否認的是，洪水疲勞感正在悄悄襲來，即使官員們為薩利納斯河更多鄰近附近社區發佈了新的疏散令。

And back in hard-hit Pajaro, community supervisor Luis Alejo told us there's a sense of vulnerability, both about the future of Pajaro and it's mostly-migrant families.

回到遭受重創的帕哈羅社區，社區監督員 Luis Alejo 告訴我們，對於帕哈羅的未來以及多屬移民家庭來說，都有種脆弱感。

This community is resilient; it's strong.

When these waters recede, Pajaro is gonna rise.

當水位退卻時，帕哈羅會東山再起。

This is such a great hardship on this community, but we know that we will get through this.

這對於這個社區是一大困境，但我們知道我們可以撐過。

With an atomic number of 11, which of these elements gets its symbol from the Latin word "natrium"?

原子序數為 11 的這些元素中，何者的符號來自拉丁文 natrium 一詞？

Nickel（鎳）、sodium（鈉）、sulfur（硫）或 nitrogen（氮）。

如果你答錯這一題，可別不開心。

With a symbol of NA, sodium is the correct answer here.

元素符號為 NA 的鈉是這題的正確答案。

Now, some creatures, like ocean animals, thrive in salt, but that could just be because pepper water would make them sneeze.

有一些像是海洋動物的生物靠著鹽分生存，但那可能只是因為胡椒會讓牠們打噴嚏。

Anyways, the World Health Organization is calling for us humans to cut back on the salt.

言歸正傳，世界衛生組織正在呼籲人類減少鹽分攝取。

They want salty food consumption to be monitored not only by individuals,

他們希望鹽分攝取的監控並不僅是由個人進行，

but they're also calling on countries to implement policies that would set limits on the amount of salt in foods being served in public places like schools.

但他們也呼籲各個國家實行能夠限制像是在學校等公共區域中供應食物鹽分含量的法規。

Now, if you love French fries, like me, you may just find this "in-salting".

如果你跟我一樣喜歡薯條，可能也會覺得這很不夠味。

More, now, from CNN health reporter Jacqueline Howard.

接著是 CNN 健康類記者 Jacqueline Howard 的報導。

The World Health Organization wants people to cut back on salt, and we know that eating too much salt is one of the top risk factors for heart disease, stroke, and death.

世界衛生組織希望人民減少鹽分攝取，而我們知道食用過多鹽分是心臟疾病、中風及死亡等現象的主要風險因素。

And the World Health Organization says that only 9 countries have what they're calling a "comprehensive package" of policies to reduce sodium intake.

世界衛生組織表示，只有 9 個國家擁有他們所謂減少鹽分攝取的「完整套裝」政策。

Those countries are Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and Uruguay.

這些國家是巴西、智利、捷克、立陶宛、馬來西亞、墨西哥、沙烏地阿拉伯、西班牙和烏拉圭。

And examples of these policies are reformulating foods so they contain less salt or setting limits on foods high in salt being served at public places like hospitals or schools.

這些政策的範例包括重新調配食物材料以讓食物含鹽量較少，或是限制高鹽分食物在醫院、學校等公共場合被提供。

And the WHO is now calling on all countries to implement sodium reduction policies.

世界衛生組織現在呼籲所有國家實施減鹽政策。

It says doing that could save an estimated 7 million lives globally by 2030, and it's considering extending its 30% target to 2030.

它認為這樣做可以在 2030 年前在全球拯救約 7 百萬人的生命，而且它正考慮將 30% 的目標延長到 2030 年。

And right now, Dr. Francesco Branca with the WHO says people living in high-income countries consume a good amount of salt in one snack.

而現在，世界衛生組織的 Francesco Branca 博士說，生活在高收入國家的人民，在一份零食中就會攝取大量的鹽分。

Just to give you an example, if you take an average bag of chips of 150 grams, that⏤only that bag of chips contains half of the salt we're supposed to consume every day.

舉個例子，拿重約 150 克的一般洋芋片來說，光那袋洋芋片就會包含你一天應攝取量的一部分。

And, in the meantime, though, there are steps you can take personally to watch how much salt you eat.

不過於此同時，你個人也可以採取一些措施來監控自己吃多少鹽。

The WHO says to cut back on salty sauces and condiments, avoid snacks that are high in salt, and when using canned or dried products, choose varieties without added salt and sugars.

世界衛生組織說，需要減少鹹的醬汁和調味品、避免吃高鹽的零食，而當使用罐頭或乾貨時，選擇沒有添加鹽和糖的種類。

It's recommended to limit your salt intake to less than 5 grams per day⏤that's just 1 teaspoon.

一般建議人類將鹽的攝取量限制在每天 5 克以下，那只有 1 茶匙的量。

And today's story getting a 10 out of 10 is "saw-some".

Some artists use a paintbrush, some use a pencil or chisel, but Glenn Richardson uses a chainsaw, baby.

有些藝術家會用畫筆、有些用鉛筆或鑿子，但 Glenn Richardson 是用鏈鋸。

Richardson has carved chainsaw portraits of people since 2016.

Richardson 從 2016 年就開始用鏈鋸雕刻人像。

Now, he's traveling the country in a yellow bus, making 19 stops along the way, carving people's portrait into wood, and then, putting the finishing touches on.

他現在開著一部黃色公車全國旅遊，途中停駐在 19 個地點，在木頭中刻上人像然後做最後修飾。

His goal is to hear people's stories and share them with others in hopes of bringing people together.

他的目標是聆聽人們的故事，並與他人分享，希望能凝聚人們。

Can you believe it only takes him about 17 minutes to create one of these?

你相信嗎？創造這樣一幅畫只需要花他大約 17 分鐘。

He starts on the east coast in May, and believes he can reach the Pacific coast by October.

他 5 月會從東岸出發，相信自己可以在 10 月前到達太平洋海岸。

Now, don't get all sappy on me, but I'd carve each and every one of you out of wood if I could.

大家可別太感動，但我如果可以的話，會雕刻你們每一位的人像。

But I'm not too experienced with carving; I only know a "woo-ttle".

但我對於雕刻的能力，只能算是「雕」蟲小技。

Now, onto my favorite part of the day; I want to give a special shout-out to Byers Middle School in Denver, Colorado.

現在到了我覺喜歡的環節，我想要特別對科羅拉多州丹佛的 Byers 中學致意。

We see you; we hope you and everyone watching around the world have a wonderful one.

我們看到你們的留言，希望你們和世界上每一位觀眾今天過得美好。