Easy!

很簡單！

Just don't do anything, ever.

不要做任何事就行了。

Wait, that can't be right...

等等，這好像不太對...

Hey, guys Tara here for DNews, and if you've ever visited any major city in America, then you'd know that homelessness is a growing problem here.

嘿，各位，我是 DNews 的 Tara。如果你曾經去過美國的任何主要城市，那麼你就會知道流浪漢是這裡一個日益嚴重的問題。

The city of San Francisco spends $200 million every single year trying to get homeless people off the streets.

舊金山市每年花費 2 億美元試圖讓流浪漢離開街頭。

And while many attribute their lifestyle to laziness, or drug addiction, or a dwindling economy, a new study says that traumatic brain injuries could be an underlying cause.

雖然許多人將他們這種生活方式歸因於懶惰、毒癮或經濟衰退，但一項新研究表明，創傷性腦損傷也可能是一個根本原因。

A team of researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto looked at data from 111 homeless men ages 27-81,

多倫多聖邁克爾醫院的一組研究人員觀察了 111 名年齡在 27-81 歲之間的流浪漢的數據，

and found that almost half of them had experienced a traumatic brain injury at some point during their lives.

發現幾乎一半的人在他們人生中的某個時期經歷過創傷性腦損傷。

And 87% of them occurred before the men lost their homes.

而其中 87% 發生在這些人無家可歸之前。

Some had sustained multiple brain injuries with assault being, overwhelmingly, the most common cause.

一些人遭受了多處腦損傷，而遭到攻擊是絕大多數的最常見原因。

Sports-related injuries and motor vehicle collisions were also huge contributors.

與運動有關的傷害和汽機車碰撞也是常見的原因。

But for men under age 40, the number one most common cause of brain injury was a fall resulting from drug or alcohol-related blackouts.

但對於 40 歲以下的男性來說，腦損傷的第一大最常見原因是因藥物或酒精相關的昏倒導致跌倒。

Now this brings up an interesting dilemma.

這引發一個有趣的困境。

Because it's already been shown that traumatic brain injury leads to aggressive behavior, violence, and impulsivity.

因為創傷性腦損傷已經被證實會導致攻擊性行為、暴力和衝動。

But, by the same token, aggression and impulse control disorders increase the likelihood of traumatic brain injury.

但是，出於同樣的原因，攻擊性和衝動控制障礙會增加創傷性腦損傷的可能性。

So it's kind of a chicken-and-egg situation, where both problems exist and they just potentiate one another.

所以這是一種先有雞還是先有蛋的情況，兩個問題都存在，而且會相互促進。

Of course there's no arguing that these kinds of injuries worsen pre-existing conditions.

當然，毫無疑問這些類型的傷害會使原有的狀況惡化。

A 2008 study from a different group, showed that traumatic brain injuries increase the likelihood of seizures, mental health problems, drug problems, and overall poorer physical health.

另一組 2008 年的一項研究表明，創傷性腦損傷會增加癲癇發作、心理健康問題、藥物問題和整體身體健康狀況較差的可能性。

This challenges the notion that being homeless is a conscious decision, but it should also serve as a warning sign to parents whose children have sustained traumatic head injuries.

這挑戰了無家可歸是一個有意識的決定的觀念，但它也應該被視為一個警告，提醒那些孩子遭受頭部外傷的父母。

Just because someone looks ok on the outside, doesn't mean they are on the inside, and that's good advice for all of us.

一個人的外表看起來很正常，並不表示他們的內在是完好的，這對我們大家來說都是很好的建議。

As always, if you have questions or comments about this episode, feel free to leave them down below, and for more episodes of DNews - subscribe here.

跟往常一樣，如果你對這一集有任何疑問或意見，請隨時在下方留言，如需觀看更多的 DNews 的影片，歡迎訂閱。