Amazon today announcing it's going to cut 18,000 workers.

亞馬遜今天宣佈將裁員 1.8 萬名員工。

And we're going to see more, it's going to continue to weave through the public and private market.

我們會在公營和私營的市場持續看到更多裁員。

Is the tech bubble bursting again?

科技泡沫又要發生了嗎？

The layoffs in big tech, which started in 2022 left many wondering if this is just the tip of the iceberg.

2022 年開始，大型科技公司裁員讓許多人懷疑這是否只是冰山一角。

So what does this mean for these workers as well as those aspiring to join the tech industry, especially when the economic outlook remains uncertain?

這對被裁員的員工以及那些渴望加入科技行業的人來說代表著什麼呢，尤其是在經濟前景仍不明朗的情況下？

Technology is a part of our everyday lives and a necessity for most societies to simply function.

科技是我們日常生活的一部分，也是大多數社會正常運作的必要條件。

This increasing dependency has seen huge growth in the tech sector and with it, a proliferation of high-paying jobs.

這種日益增加的依賴性已經見證了科技行業的巨大增長，隨之而來的是高薪工作的激增。

But following the industry's recent struggles, those exorbitant salaries are now being scrutinized like never before.

但隨著該行業最近的困境，這些過高的薪水現在正受到前所未有的審查。

In early 2023, California, Washington and Rhode Island joined several other U.S. states and cities in enacting salary transparency laws, which require companies to post salary ranges for job postings.

2023 年初，加州、華盛頓州和羅德島州與美國其他幾個州和城市一起頒布了薪資透明法，該法要求公司公佈招聘信息的薪資範圍。

In California, which is home to more than 20% of the world's Fortune 500 companies,

在擁有超過 20% 的世界 500 大企業的加州，

a program manager at Apple can make between $121,000 and $230,000,

Apple 的專案經理的年薪在 121,000 美元到 230,000 美元之間，

a mid-career software engineer at Google will receive between $126,000 and $190,000,

谷歌有經驗的軟體工程師年薪為 126,000 至 190,000 美元，

while a software engineering director at Meta can draw a minimum of $253,000 and as much as $327,000 per year.

而 Meta 的軟體工程總監每年至少可以拿到 253,000 美元，最高可達 327,000 美元。

But following mass layoffs for tech workers, are these wage expectations still realistic?

但在科技業大規模裁員後，這些工資預期是否仍然符合現實情況？

Ben Leong is a professor of computer science at the National University of Singapore.

Ben Leong 是新加坡國立大學電腦科學教授。

What has happened in the last three or four years is that pay for the other non-big-tech companies have got up and many of the startups are really upset because they can't burn cash at those rates.

過去三四年發生的事情是，其他非大型科技公司的薪酬已經上漲，許多新創公司真的很無力，因為他們沒辦法用這樣的速度燒錢。

They can't pay $7–8k to fresh grads.

他們付不起 7–8,000 美元給應屆畢業生。

The big tech companies will continue to pay what they used to pay. They always pay a lot.

大型科技公司會繼續付給員工他們過去支付的薪資範圍。 他們總是給很多。

I suspect that the growth in the median pay will either stagnate or may even drop.

我認為薪資中位數的增長將停滯甚至下降。

Teoh Shun Jun falls within the brackets of the median pay earner.

Teoh Shun Jun 的薪資位於中位數的範圍內。

The former Tencent data analyst engineer was let go by the Chinese tech giant at its Singapore office in 2022.

這位前騰訊數據分析師工程師於 2022 年在新加坡辦公室被這家中國科技龍頭解僱。

Around (the) end of September, I received a (piece of) news via my agent so she dropped me a text asking me if I'm free to chat.

大約在 9 月底，我從我的經理那裡收到了一個消息，她發了一封簡訊問我是否有空聊一聊。

At that time, I was halfway through my contract. She had to tell me that Tencent was laying me off because of cross-cutting exercises.

那時，我的合約時間已經過半。她不得已告訴我，騰訊因為跨領域業務的關係而要解僱我。

It was quite sad, to be honest, and it wasn't just me that was affected, at least five of my teammates also received the same news around the same timing.

說實話我當時很傷心，而且受影響的不僅僅是我，至少我的五個同事也在同一時間收到了同樣的消息。

While drawing a healthy salary remains important, that isn't a priority for Shun Jun.

雖然領取高薪仍然很重要，但這不是 Shun Jun 的首要目標。

When I finished my diploma, I honestly didn't know that data personnels were being paid that high.

當我大學畢業時，老實說我不知道數據人員的薪水那麼高。

I do it out of passion instead of the pay. You definitely can find higher-paying jobs in bigger tech companies.

我這這份工作是出於熱情而不是報酬。在更大間的科技公司肯定會找到薪水更高的工作。

But, at my age, it's better to just develop my soft skills and my technical skills first before I move on to bigger roles and more responsibilities.

但是，在我這個年紀，最好先發展我的軟技能和科技技能，之後再去擔任更重要的角色和承擔更多的責任。

Against the backdrop of a shrinking job market in the tech industry, some software engineers and data scientists are reassessing their future career plans.

在科技行業就業市場萎縮的背景下，一些軟體工程師和數據科學家正在重新評估他們未來的職業規劃。

According to a report by executive outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas,

根據再就業與企業主管培訓公司 Challenger, Gray & Christmas 的一份報告，

U.S.-based employers in the technology sector announced nearly 53,000 job cuts in November 2022 alone,

美國科技業的雇主光在 2022 年 11 月就宣布裁員近 53,000 人，

the highest monthly total for the sector since the company began tracking industry data at the end of the 20th century.

這是自該公司從 20 世紀末開始追蹤這個產業的數據以來，最高的月總量。

A separate report found that tech occupations in all industry sectors grew by 137,000 positions in the same month,

另一份報告發現，同月所有產業的科技相關工作增加了 137,000 個職位，

the top three U.S. employers hailed from the Health Insurance, Defence and Banking sectors respectively.

美國的前三名分別是健康保險、國防和銀行業。

There are more jobs that are software engineering jobs outside the tech industry than in the tech industry.

與科技行業相比，科技行業以外的軟體工程職位更多。

So to some degree, I would say the labor markets are much more resilient. 

所以在某種程度上，我覺得勞動力市場更有彈性。

There's not an auto company that doesn't need software engineers, there is not an energy company that doesn't need software engineers, there's not a retailer or a bank that doesn't need software engineers.

沒有一家汽車公司不需要軟體工程師，沒有一家能源公司不需要軟體工程師，沒有一家零售商或銀行不需要軟體工程師。

So, I would imagine to the degree to which there's oversupply in one, there will be more even distribution. 

所以，我可以想像一個原本供過於求的狀況會更均勻的分佈。

Shun Jun's own research has yielded similar results.

Shun Jun 自己的研究也得出了類似的結果。

I know that the market right now is hard but I also keep my eyes open to other industries.

我知道現在的科技業市場很難找到工作，但我也會關注其他產業。

Healthcare and banks are definitely stable in Singapore. The property industry in Singapore is starting to boom.

醫療保健和銀行在新加坡是絕對很穩定的。 新加坡的房地產業也開始蓬勃發展。

The friends that were affected, a few of them landed in banks, it sounded like they were contract roles.

我受到影響的朋友中有幾個進了銀行業，聽起來像是簽約聘的合約。

I have a friend that went to a decent local IT company here. He managed to find a job before he received the news.

我有一個朋友去了一間不錯的本土 IT 公司。 在他收到裁員消息之前他就找到一份工作了。

Hence, he was able to get a decent salary.

所以他能夠獲得很不錯的薪水。

Before the recent round of layoffs, fresh graduates and mid-career professionals looking to break into the tech industry were attending specialized training courses, including coding bootcamps in droves.

在最近一輪裁員之前，希望進入科技業的應屆畢業生和中年的專業人士正在參加專門的培訓課程，包括成群結隊的程式設計訓練營。

But are these boot camps still relevant?

但這些訓練營是否仍有意義呢？

According to market research firm HolonIQ, more than 100,000 professionals enrolled in tech boot camps globally in 2021, up from less than 20,000 in 2015.

根據市場研究公司 HolonIQ 的數據，2021 年全球有超過 100,000 名專業人士參加了科技訓練營，高於 2015 年的不到 20,000 人。

John Fong is the vice president and chief operating officer for APAC at General Assembly, one of several schools offering such bootcamps.

John Fong 是 General Assembly 亞太地區的副總裁兼首席運營長，而 General Assembly 是提供此類訓練營的幾所學校之一。

Whenever there are mass layoffs, we typically see an increase in the interest in our programs.

每當出現大規模裁員時，我們通常會看到對我們計劃有興趣的人數增加。

One of the main criterias that we have for instructors is that they need to be industry practitioners.

我們對講師的主要標準之一是他們需要是科技業的從業者。

They need to have been there, done that, bought the t-shirt, so to speak,

他們需要進過科技業，在科技業工作過，買過科技公司的 T恤，可以這麼說，

for them to be able to bring the real world, those projects, those portfolios into the classroom; it's really important for that curriculum.

這樣他們能夠將現實狀況、那些項目、那些作品集帶入課堂；這對於我們的課程非常重要。

90% of our students get a job within six months of graduation.

我們 90% 的學生在畢業後六個月內找到工作。

According to 2021 data, four coding bootcamps had employment rates of at least 80% in a related field within a year.

根據 2021 年的數據，四個程式設計訓練營在一年內的相關領域的就業率至少達到 80%。

Three of these four reported better rates than graduates of the University of Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins University's four-year degree programs.

這四個人中的三個報告的就業率比賓夕法尼亞大學和約翰霍普金斯大學四年制學位課程的畢業生還高。

But some questioned the effectiveness of these boot camps compared with university programs in preparing students for higher-profile jobs that rely on advanced knowledge and skills.

但一些人質疑，與大學課程相比，這些新兵訓練營在幫助學生為依賴高級知識和技能的備受矚目工作做準備方面有多有效。

Fundamentally, for coding bootcamps, you are actually running up to the kind of the limits of human learning.

從根本上說，對於程式設計訓練營來說，你其實已經達到了人類學習的那種極限。

Six months, you just can't learn enough. And there's also a problem of market readiness.

只有六個月，你就是學不夠，而且還有市場準備的問題。

What the bootcamp is trying to do is they try to train students to get the jobs right away.

訓練營試圖做的是他們試著培訓學生立即找到工作。

Most of the jobs that they can do will be what's called the front-end jobs like HTML, CSS, some JavaScript, maybe.

他們可以做的大部分工作都是所謂的前端工作，比如 HTML、CSS，也許還有一些 JavaScript。

So it's very difficult, I think for the bootcamp folks to learn enough to do the back-end work.

所以我認為訓練營的人要學到足夠的知識來做後端工作非常困難，。

There is a class of companies that don't pay so well, and they kind of get the best engineers anyway, so they may make do with the good campus.

有一類公司薪水不高，但無論如何他們都能得到最好的工程師，所以他們可能會湊合著用好學校畢業的學生。

Nevertheless, John remains steadfast in his view that General Assembly's courses are comprehensive enough for its prospective students. 

儘管如此，John 仍然堅信 General Assembly 的課程對於未來的學生來說已經足夠全面了。

Yes, we provide the fundamental skills. We also provide career coaching services.

是的，我們提供基本技能。 我們還提供就業指導服務。

When the students come through to us, our career coaches work with them from day one, brushing up their LinkedIn profiles, their resumes, interview skills, and so on.

當學生來到我們這裡時，我們的就業教練從第一天起就與他們合作，更新他們的 LinkedIn 個人資料、簡歷、面試技巧等。

Looking at the networking that we have, the alumni that we have, it's a cult-like following for us.

看看我們擁有的網絡，我們擁有的校友，我們有一群狂熱的粉絲。

To date, we've got more than 1.4 million people that have attended our classes, workshops and events.

到目前為止，我們已經有超過 140 萬人參加了我們的課程、研討會和活動。

80,000 alumni all around the world.

世界各地有八萬名校友。

The outlook for big tech's laid-off workers hinges in large part on the complicated relationship between the U.S. and China, which could benefit job seekers in certain parts of the world. 

大型科技公司被裁員的員工的前景在很大程度上取決於美國和中國之間複雜的關係，這可能會讓世界上某些地區的求職者受益。

I think one of the major factors today is the U.S.-China relationship.

我認為當今的主要因素之一是美中關係。

After their relationship soured, both sides have sort of given up on each other and they decide to come to Southeast Asia, which is another big market.

他們關係惡化後，雙方都有點放棄對方，決定來到東南亞，這裡是另一個大市場。

From a macro perspective, I think many companies both Chinese as well as U.S., would use Singapore as a base.

從宏觀角度來看，我認為許多中國和美國的公司都會以新加坡為基地。

China has been making some really surprising moves in recent times.

中國最近一直在採取一些非常令人驚訝的動作。

You see them clamping down first on tuition industry and so they overnight killed all the big tech companies.

你看到他們首先打壓教育行業，所以他們一夜之間毀掉了所有大型科技公司。

Question marks remain over how long these layoffs will last.

這些裁員將持續多久仍然存在疑問。

But Ben is hopeful that the job market will bounce back even if the industry has to reinvent itself.

但 Ben 希望就業市場能夠反彈，即使這表示這個行業必須重新朔型。

Even if Meta goes under tomorrow, there will be a new company that will take its place, they will still hire engineers at high pay.

即使 Meta 明天倒閉，也會有一家新公司取而代之，他們仍然會高薪聘請工程師。

There's this company called Sun Microsystems, which was the biggest thing when I graduated, they were the Facebook of that era, and then they were no more.

以前有一家叫做 Sun Microsystems 的公司，那是我畢業時最大的公司，他們是那個時代的 Facebook，然後他們就倒了。

The current Facebook campus is actually the previous Sun campus.

目前的 Facebook 其實就是以前的 Sun 公司。

If the recession comes, fine, two, three years, they're gonna recover and then hiring will start again.

如果經濟衰退來了，沒關係啊，兩三年後，科技業會復甦，然後重新開始招聘。

And as long as those guys are good with what they do, I think they can still find jobs.

只要這些人的工作能力強，我認為他們仍然可以找到工作。