Only a boat would play that a human would never play the move queen to D.

只有船才會下，人是不會下皇后到D這步棋的。

Five because that move would be totally risky and counterintuitive a computer they will sacrifice the queen something that traditionally humans don't do because they're risk averse.

五，因為這步棋完全是冒險和反直覺的，他們會犧牲皇后，這是傳統上人類不會做的，因為他們是規避風險的。

But since Levy's opponent is using ai to cheat it's all part of a trap that leads to checkmate guys playing like magnus carlsen on Adderall.

但由於李維的對手是用ai作弊，所以這都是導致將領們像吃了阿德拉的馬格努斯-卡爾森一樣下棋的陷阱的一部分。

In the wake of the recent chess cheating Wir dass, top chess youtuber levere Osbon.

在最近的國際象棋作弊事件發生後，頂級國際象棋優勝者勒維-奧斯本。

The question how on earth do you actually cheat at chess and how can you actually spot a chess cheater?

問題是究竟如何在國際象棋中作弊，以及如何才能真正發現國際象棋作弊者？

If I had to describe cheating in chess in one sentence, it would be the act of receiving external assistance most often in the form of a chess computer to tell you all the best moves in the game that you're playing during the more than 25 years since deep blue beat Garry Kasparov ai chess engines have evolved to be way better than humans at the royal game.

如果讓我用一句話來描述國際象棋中的作弊行為，那就是接受外部援助的行為，最常見的形式是由國際象棋計算機告訴你正在進行的遊戲中的所有最佳動作，在深藍擊敗加里-卡斯帕羅夫ai以來的25年多時間裡，國際象棋引擎已經發展到比人類更擅長皇家遊戲的程度。

I once lost to a treadmill at a hotel because the chess computer they programmed was so good.

我曾經在一家酒店輸給了一臺跑步機，因為他們編程的國際象棋電腦非常好。

Top chess engines like Houdini revenge or stock fish can run on an iphone.

像Houdini revenge或stock fish這樣的頂級國際象棋引擎可以在iphone上運行。

If you let stock fish the best chess computer in the world analyze a game from start to finish.

如果你讓股票魚世界上最好的國際象棋電腦從頭到尾分析一盤棋。

We can trust it to say what the best moves are throughout the game far more accurately than any human could ever come up with.

我們可以相信它能說出整個遊戲中的最佳招數，比任何人類都要準確得多。

So basically all chess cheaters today are somehow accessing an Ai analysis board during a game and therefore know all the best moves to make in each position.

是以，基本上今天所有的國際象棋作弊者都在對局中以某種方式進入Ai分析板，是以知道每個位置的所有最佳棋步。

But how can you tell if someone is cheating in person at a chess tournament?

但是，你怎麼能在國際象棋比賽中親自判斷某人是否在作弊？

I've played hundreds of chess tournaments in my life.

我一生中參加過數百次國際象棋比賽。

I've only been suspicious of a handful of players and generally it's a mix of a few things.

我只對少數幾個球員產生過懷疑，一般來說，這是由幾件事組成的。

You have an opponent that seems extremely distracted, maybe a little bit too jittery looking around a lot or leaving the board when it's their move with all eyes on them.

你有一個看起來非常心煩意亂的對手，也許有點過於緊張，經常四處張望，或者在所有目光都集中在他們身上的時候離開棋盤。

How do cheaters access and analysis board?

作弊者如何進入和分析板？

One of the most common methods to do this is to go to the bathroom but our cheater has left a cell phone somewhere hidden in the stall and during their game they will go in put the same exact moves of the game that they're playing into.

最常見的方法之一是去洗手間，但我們的作弊者把手機藏在隔間的某個地方，在他們的遊戲過程中，他們會進去把他們正在玩的遊戲的動作完全一樣。

That smartphone and the smartphone will tell them the answer.

那部智能手機和智能電話會告訴他們答案。

Then they will go back to the game and repeat this process multiple times until they win.

然後他們會回到遊戲中，多次重複這個過程，直到他們獲勝。

In 2019.

在2019年。

Latvian grandmaster Igor Rouses was caught red handed on the toilet studying an iphone he had secretly stashed behind a bathroom tile.

拉脫維亞特級大師伊戈爾-魯斯在廁所研究他偷偷藏在浴室瓷磚後面的蘋果手機時被當場抓住。

But there are other examples of cheaters that use accomplices to relay the best moves to them.

但也有其他作弊者的例子，他們利用同夥向他們轉述最佳招數。

Most elite chess tournaments have a board called a D.

大多數精英國際象棋比賽都有一個叫做D的棋盤。

G.

G.

T.

T.

Where every single piece is connected to a magnetic field and every time a move is made, let's say like this the board itself is connected to a computer so that move well now register on the D.

每一個棋子都與一個磁場相連，每走一步，就像這樣，棋盤本身與電腦相連，所以那步棋現在在D上登記。

G.

G.

T.

T.

And go out to a live broadcast.

並出去參加直播。

So in this scenario one of the Spectators miles away in the comfort of home is accomplice number one who plugs the game into their engine and sends a text with 123 characters to someone at the tournament.

是以，在這種情況下，遠在家中的一名觀眾是頭號幫凶，他將遊戲插入他們的引擎，並向錦標賽的某人發送123個字符的文本。

In fact that's what happened in 20 11th there was 20 year old Sebastian feller playing the game.

事實上，這就是20 11年發生的事情，有20歲的塞巴斯蒂安在玩這個遊戲。

Then there was the person watching the game and using the computer.

然後是看比賽和使用電腦的人。

There was also a middleman that middleman would stand in the tournament hall in a certain location depending on what the person watching the game would say, the middleman might go stand in the northwest corner of the room or the left side of the stage.

還有一箇中間人，那個中間人會站在比賽大廳的某個位置，這取決於看比賽的人怎麼說，中間人可能去站在房間的西北角或舞臺的左邊。

Depending on the suggestions he was being relayed.

取決於他被轉述的建議。

They basically had a pre programmed compass of the room where one side meant one thing and maybe a certain position meant what square what peace and so on.

他們基本上有一個預先編程的房間指南針，其中一邊意味著一件事，也許某個位置意味著什麼廣場什麼和平，等等。

But what if Spectators aren't allowed at a tournament?

但是，如果在比賽中不允許有旁觀者呢？

A chess player could theoretically bring a vibrating device in their shoe under their arm attached to their chest, into the playing hall.

理論上，一個棋手可以把鞋裡的振動裝置帶進他們的手臂下，連接到他們的胸部，進入比賽大廳。

Now some tournaments have metal detectors and scanners.

現在，一些錦標賽有金屬探測器和掃描器。

But if you walk in through an airport style metal detector in a chess tournament playing hall there isn't a guarantee that it will pick up on a small transmittable device that you're hiding under your armpit.

但是，如果你在國際象棋比賽的大廳裡通過機場式金屬探測器走進去，並不能保證它能發現你藏在腋下的小型可發射裝置。

In 2013 Borislav Ivanov was disqualified under the suspicion of using a device in his shoe that received vibrations either in morse code or some sort of coded sequence.

2013年，鮑里斯拉夫-伊萬諾夫因被懷疑在鞋中使用了一個能接收摩斯密碼或某種編碼序列的振動的裝置而被取消資格。

But what about other vibrating devices?

但其他振動設備呢？

One of the biggest memes to hit the internet as it pertains to chest over the last few weeks has been anal means it became a copy pasta on reddit, then Elon musk retweeted it and it got way too big to the point that people actually think it happened now theoretically if we are talking about a device that can relay chess moves to you by vibration, I'm sure if it can go into your shoe it can go into other places.

在過去的幾周裡，互聯網上與胸部有關的最大的備忘錄之一是肛門，這意味著它成為reddit上的一個副本pasta，然後埃隆-馬斯克轉發了它，它變得太大，以至於人們真的認為它發生了，現在理論上，如果我們談論的是一個可以通過振動向你轉達國際象棋的設備，我相信如果它可以進入你的鞋子，它可以進入其他地方。

But I don't think that's what was happening in this case.

但我不認為這就是本案中發生的情況。

But what if you're using a simple board, not A.

但是，如果你使用的是一個簡單的板子，而不是A。

D.

D.

T.

T.

G.

G.

Board and the game is not being streamed or simulcast anywhere online?

董事會和比賽沒有在網上任何地方進行流媒體或同步廣播？

Well, some folks have shown up to games with little watches that have a camera inside of them so they hover the camera over the board, but they still need to have somebody relaying the moves into their ear or or maybe some sort of other device.

好吧，有些人帶著裡面有攝像頭的小手錶來參加比賽，所以他們把攝像頭懸停在棋盤上，但他們仍然需要有人把動作傳到他們的耳朵裡，或者也許是某種其他設備。

One of those people might have tried to wear an ear piece, which is another common method, especially one that you can dig deep into your ear canal.

其中一個人可能嘗試過佩戴耳塞，這是另一種常見的方法，尤其是可以深挖到耳道的耳塞。

Sounds like cheating over the board at a tournament is hard and rare but cheating in chess online is rampant.

聽起來，在比賽中在棋盤上作弊是很難的，也很罕見，但在網上下棋作弊卻很猖獗。

And the first place to spot a cheater say on chess dot com is by studying their online profile.

而在國際象棋網站上發現作弊者說的第一個地方就是研究他們的在線資料。

Look at the age of the account, A lot of cheaters have an account that's maybe a couple of weeks or a month old.

看看賬戶的年齡，很多作弊者的賬戶可能只有幾周或一個月的時間。

So here's a profile With a couple of red flags already.

是以，這裡有一份資料，已經有幾面紅旗。

It was created 48 hours ago.

它是48小時前創建的。

So the biggest red flag in my eyes is the win rate.

是以，在我眼中最大的紅旗是勝率。

Most people win about 45-55% of the games that they play.

大多數人在他們所玩的遊戲中贏了大約45-55%。

I myself win about 60% of my games.

我自己贏了大約60%的遊戲。

So if someone's winning 75, 80, 90%, something's not right, the next red flag is that cheaters have a high accuracy score, a metric calculated by the website you're playing on.

是以，如果有人贏了75%、80%、90%，那就不對勁了，下一個紅旗就是作弊者的準確率很高，這是一個由你所玩的網站計算的指標。

That compares your play to the best chess computer.

這將你的發揮與最好的國際象棋計算機進行比較。

I'm looking at an account right now that was made literally yesterday got to play only six games, but because the average accuracy of their game was 97 98 99 93 95 96.

我現在正在看一個賬戶，這個賬戶是昨天才建立的，只玩了六場比賽，但因為他們的比賽的平均準確率是97 98 99 93 95 96。

Even the best chess players in the world can't do that consistently.

即使是世界上最好的國際象棋選手也無法持續做到這一點。

Another red flag is that a suspected cheater might be beating players with a higher elo score a metric from 100 to 3000 or so.

另一個紅旗是，一個涉嫌作弊的人可能會在100到3000左右的度量中擊敗擁有較高ELO分數的玩家。

Used to determine your ranking in chess.

用來決定你在國際象棋中的排名。

Like if they're rating or their aloe is 1000.

例如，如果他們的評級或他們的蘆薈是1000。

They're just clobbering people who are 2000 might have been playing the game for decades.

他們只是在打擊那些2000年可能已經玩了幾十年遊戲的人。

How many rating points have they gained over the last seven days?

在過去七天裡，他們獲得了多少評級點？

Oh wow, They've gained 900.

哦，哇，他們增加了900人。

That seems a little bit suspicious.

這似乎有點可疑。

That's just really not how people grow at the game.

這真的不是人們在遊戲中成長的方式。

When levy suspect someone's cheating online, he'll watch them play a game turning on his own local chess engine, which will evaluate the current position and tell them what the best moves are.

當萊維懷疑有人在網上作弊時，他會看著他們在自己的在地國際象棋引擎上轉動的遊戲，這將評估當前的位置並告訴他們什麼是最好的步驟。

When you watch someone who you suspect of cheating, they will most likely make moves that match that 1st and 2nd line.

當你觀察一個你懷疑其作弊的人時，他們很可能會做出與那條第一和第二線相匹配的動作。

Sometimes the third line as well of your local chess computer doesn't matter what engine they use and what engine you use, 95% of the time the moves will match up another giveaway sign that somebody is cheating while they play a game is the, that they take a consistent amount of time on every single move you might say, well they're just thinking about their moves.

有時，你的在地國際象棋電腦的第三條線也是如此，不管他們用什麼引擎，你用什麼引擎，95%的時間裡，棋步都是一致的，另一個讓人覺得某人在下棋時作弊的跡象是，他們在每一步都花了大量的時間，你可能會說，他們只是在思考他們的棋步。

But no, it always falls into a range.

但是沒有，它總是落入一個範圍。

Let's say a person makes their move between five and eight seconds every single time.

假設一個人每次都在5到8秒之間做出動作。

That's strange why?

這很奇怪，為什麼？

Because if you think about it, that is the process of watching the move happen on the board, relaying it to an analysis board, seeing what that computer tells you and then coming back and where this looks really funny is when cheaters don't realize that they have one legal move.

因為如果你想一想，這就是在棋盤上觀察棋子發生的過程，把它轉達給分析板，看看計算機告訴你什麼，然後再回來，而這看起來非常有趣的地方就是當作弊者沒有意識到他們有一步合法的棋。

Let's say their king is in danger.

比方說，他們的國王正處於危險之中。

They're in a check.

他們在一張支票上。

They can just block the check.

他們可以直接封鎖支票。

They have no other option but they don't know that because they don't know how to play chess.

他們沒有其他選擇，但他們不知道，因為他們不知道如何下棋。

But apart from these red flags, is it possible to tell if someone is cheating from the unusual or botlikh moves they make?

但除了這些紅旗之外，是否有可能從一個人做出的不尋常或botlikh動作中看出他在作弊？

Sometimes the dumbest move in a position is actually the top computer move.

有時一個位置上最愚蠢的舉動實際上是計算機的頂級舉動。

Some moves are human moves and some moves are A.

有些動作是人類的動作，有些動作是A。

I moves I would consider a move not human and something that only a boat would play.

我的舉動我會認為不是人的舉動，是隻有船才會玩的東西。

If it breaks principles of chess entirely, they will sacrifice upon a knight, a bishop, a rook to queen.

如果它完全打破了國際象棋的原則，他們會在馬、象、車和皇后上做出犧牲。

Something that traditionally humans don't do because they're risk averse computers will because they do see the future be better than any human and they don't have any emotions.

傳統上人類不會做的事情，因為他們是厭惡風險的，計算機會，因為他們確實看到了未來，比任何人類都好，而且他們沒有任何情感。

A computer just finds the best plans, the best grandmasters in the world only evaluate the position about two or three moves in, but the computer finds that final act and I can show you exactly what I'm talking about.

計算機只是找到了最好的計劃，世界上最好的特級大師只評估了大約兩三步的位置，但計算機找到了最後的行動，我可以向你展示我所說的確切情況。

So take this position.

是以，採取這種立場。

For example, here a cheater was playing with the white pieces, A human here might retreat the queen.

例如，這裡有一個作弊者在下白棋，人類在這裡可能會退掉皇后。

A computer instead finds this move knight to G.

計算機反而認為這步棋馬到G。

Five.

五。

Check if the queen goes to either of these two squares, the queen will get captured here.

檢查一下，如果皇后走到這兩個位置中的任何一個，皇后將在這裡被吃掉。

White plays the move queen to D.

白方下了一招皇后到D。

Five.

五。

Yes, you can take the queen but if you take the queen, it's basically checkmate because these two bishops laser beam, the king in the corner.

是的，你可以拿下皇后，但如果你拿下皇后，基本上就是將死，因為這兩個主教是激光束，國王在角落裡。

So here the cheater with white sacrificed a night to lead the attack forward once again.

所以在這裡，白棋的作弊者犧牲了一個晚上，再次引領進攻前進。

And then white sacrificed a queen for basically nothing.

然後白方基本上白白犧牲了一個皇后。

White gave away a queen for one pond and that led to the devastation of the black king.

白方為一個池子送出一個皇后，這導致了黑王的破壞。

White sacrificed multiple pieces to even get to this point with no guarantee of victory at all.

白方甚至犧牲了多個棋子才走到這一步，根本無法保證勝利。

But when you're in a I the victory is guaranteed because you have seen the future to that extent.

但是當你在一個I中時，勝利是有保證的，因為你已經看到了未來，達到了這個程度。

That was an example of a sacrifice that to a human mind felt like a mistake, a seemingly counterintuitive idea, but not to a chess computer running tons of outcomes and finding a way to get the king.

那是一個犧牲的例子，對人的頭腦來說，感覺是一個錯誤，是一個似乎違背直覺的想法，但對國際象棋計算機來說，卻不是這樣，它運行了大量的結果，並找到了一個得到國王的方法。

No human in history has ever played a sequence of moves like that.

歷史上沒有任何一個人曾經打出過這樣的動作序列。

So why do people cheat at chess?

那麼，為什麼人們會在國際象棋上作弊？

People cheat and chess for a variety of different reasons.

人們作弊和下棋有各種不同的原因。

Obviously if there's prizes involved, that's extremely incentivizing when you're sitting in the comfort of your own home and it's just you and a screen, it's much more impersonal and the cloak of anonymity makes people empowered to sometimes do bad things.

顯然，如果涉及到獎金，那是非常激勵的，當你坐在舒適的自己家裡，只有你和一個螢幕，它更不人性化，匿名的外衣使人們有時有能力去做壞事。