Parents who neglect their children or those  who are overly involved, achieve the opposite.

忽視孩子的父母或那些過度參與的父母，會取得相反的效果。

Their children often learn helplessness  — and hence believe that they can neither  

他們的孩子往往學會了無助--是以認為他們既不能

control their life, nor change their environment.

控制他們的生活，也不改變他們的環境。

Learned helplessness was first discovered by  

習得性無助感是由以下人士首次發現的

two researchers who conditioned  dogs to endure electric shocks.

兩位研究人員對狗進行條件反射，使其忍受電擊。

Martin Seligman and Steven F. Maier conducted  their experiment with three groups of dogs.

馬丁-塞利格曼和史蒂芬-F-邁爾用三組狗進行了實驗。

Dogs from the first group were caged and  made to wait for a period of time before  

第一組的狗被關在籠子裡，讓它們等待一段時間，然後再

being released. These dogs were  what's known as the control group.

被釋放。這些狗就是所謂的對照組。

The second group were also caged and got electric  shocks from below. When they pressed a button,  

第二組人也被關在籠子裡，從下面受到電擊。當他們按下一個按鈕時。

the shocks stopped. They learned  that they could stop the pain.

衝擊停止了。他們瞭解到，他們可以停止疼痛。

The third group of dogs were exposed to the  shocks, but had no way of stopping them.

第三組狗被暴露在衝擊之下，但沒有辦法阻止它們。

After the conditioning, all three groups were  

調理後，所有三組都被

put into a box that gave shocks  on one side, but not the other.

放在一個盒子裡，一邊有震動，另一邊沒有。

The first and second group of  dogs quickly learned to avoid  

第一組和第二組的狗很快學會了避免

being shocked by jumping over the wall  that separated the two sides of the box.

通過跳過分隔盒子兩邊的牆而受到驚嚇。

The third group of dogs made no attempt  to avoid the shocks -they had developed  

第三組狗沒有試圖避開衝擊--它們已經形成了

a cognitive expectation that they  could not avoid the pain. Seligman  

一種認知上的預期，即他們無法避免痛苦。塞利格曼

and Maier attributed this to learned helplessness.

而邁爾把這歸因於習得性無助。

Children can also be affected, as  this oversimplified story attests.

兒童也會受到影響，這個過於簡化的故事就證明了這一點。

This is the story of Joe. While  other kids were allowed to run,  

這是喬的故事。當其他孩子被允許跑步時

this cute little boy was put in a  walker so he couldn't hurt himself.

這個可愛的小男孩被放在一個助行器裡，這樣他就不會傷害自己。

And so, from early on, Joe learned  that the world is a dangerous place.

是以，從早期開始，喬就知道這個世界是一個危險的地方。

On the rare occasions that his father was home, he  told Joe to toughen up, and become a strong boy.

在他父親很少在家的時候，他告訴喬要堅強起來，成為一個堅強的男孩。

But without a role model, Joe  lacked the motivation to live  

但由於沒有榜樣，喬缺乏生活的動力。

up to his dad's expectations.  He began to feel inferior.

達到了他父親的期望。 他開始感到自卑。

Over time this feeling got stronger.

隨著時間的推移，這種感覺越來越強烈。

Whenever there was a problem his  mother would jump in to help.

每當有問題時，他的母親就會跳出來幫忙。

Joe began to internalize the belief that he  

喬開始內化自己的信念，即

couldn't help himself when  confronted with challenges.

在面對挑戰時，他無法幫助自己。

Whenever he had to make a major  decision, he'd ask his mom for advice.

每當他不得不做出重大決定時，他都會向媽媽徵求意見。

Deep inside he resented her for not  allowing him to become more independent.

在內心深處，他憎恨她不允許他變得更加獨立。

What are your thoughts? How can we help  those that fail to see the path out of  

你有什麼想法？我們怎樣才能幫助那些看不到出路的人？

their toxic life? How can we help them  to help themselves? Share your thoughts  

他們的有毒生活？我們怎樣才能幫助他們幫助自己？分享您的想法

and your own experience with learned  helplessness in the comments below!

和你自己的習得性無助的經驗，請在下面的評論中提出。

If you found this helpful, check  out our other videos and subscribe. 

如果你覺得這很有幫助，請查看我們的其他視頻並訂閱。

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如果你想支持我們的工作，請在patreon.com/sprouts上加入我們。

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欲瞭解更多資訊和其他內容，請訪問sproutsschools.com。