Name: How Qatar built stadiums with forced labor
Uploaded: 2022-11-24T16:55:15.000Z
Duration: 10 min 59 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

This is where the FIFA World Cup final will soon be held...

程度副詞

and cost more than  $700 million to build.

It's the biggest stadium  in the Middle East.

that hosting a mega sporting event  in stadiums like these

But today, stadiums like Lusail are a symbol

of how a country can build  grand infrastructure

and how those ambitions can trap thousands.

"...migrant workers lost their lives in the construction of the stadiums..."

"...forced to labor under  extremely poor conditions..."

"Migrants working on infrastructure projects  have died or suffered abuse."

"The logical source of oil for Europe  is the Middle East..."

Since the 1940s, when Qatar discovered  huge reserves of oil and then gas

it's been one of the richest countries on Earth.

70% of the government's revenue  comes from oil and gas exports.

Qatar has gone through a  remarkable transformation.

The capital, Doha, for instance,  went from fishing town...

to world class city in just  a couple of decades

complete with extraordinary museums  and fancy hotels.

But in recent years, the world has been  turning to renewable energy

making the oil and gas market Qatar relies on

And in the Gulf, the country has seen  regional tensions surge

most notably in 2017, when  neighboring countries

It cost the country hundreds  of millions of dollars.

So to diversify and protect  its economy...

Qatar has started leaning  into another area

that helped establish its status  as a wealthy nation...

That repositioning is  based on soft power.

Qatar is trying to secure friends  when in need.

Particularly powerful friends  from the West

is through these soft sectors  like sports.

In the last 18 years, Qatar has held  more than 20 major sporting events.

But nothing compares to  the 2022 World Cup.

Qatar won the rights to host  the World Cup in 2010.

It had made an unbeatable  promise to FIFA.

Since then, Qatar has  built up 8 stadiums.

It's built dozens of hotels and  laid down miles of roads

and metro lines to connect  all that infrastructure.

with golf courses, marinas, and a theme park.

It can brag that it is the first  Middle Eastern country

that's ever hosted a mega sporting event.

you have a lot of partners,  including FIFA itself

and all the celebrity ambassadors  who are vouching for Qatar

having these incredible world class stadiums,  these glowing, glistening hotels.

that you're experiencing a world  that's business savvy

While the spotlight was  supposed to show Qatar

it also exposed one of its darkest secrets.

Qatar has relied on a constant supply  of temporary, low paid workers

Since the early 2000s, so many foreigners  have come to work in Qatar

they now make up 80%  of the total population.

They build, clean, serve, and staff  pretty much every industry.

When we think about how migrant workers  recruitment journey commences

So they are looking for a place  where they can emigrate...

to allow them some upward  socioeconomic mobility.

Typically, Qatari companies hire  international recruitment agencies

They promise these workers  well-paying jobs

in exchange for illegal  recruitment fees upfront.

They also have the workers pay  for medical tests

The workers often take out loans  in their home countries

to pay the agencies incurring  significant debt.

which completely screws workers at the start of their journey.

Workers often use their family's  savings to pay for a job

in one of the richest countries  per capita in the world.