time–but only if you use them correctly. Here  are 5 active learning mistakes you’re probably  

但前提是你必須正確使用它們。以下是你可能犯的5個主動學習的錯誤

making and what you can do to fix them. Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com. 

的問題，以及你可以做什麼來解決它們。Jubbal博士，MedSchoolInsiders.com。

If you’ve been following this channel for a while,  you’ll know that active learning techniques are  

如果你關注這個頻道有一段時間了，你會知道主動學習技術是

the best “bang-for-your-buck” study strategies.  Instead of reading through textbooks or notes,  

最好的 "物有所值 "的學習策略。 而不是通讀教科書或筆記。

you should challenge yourself to organize,  recall, and apply information through active  

你應該挑戰自己，通過積極地組織、回憶和應用資訊。

recall, practice problems, and the Feynman  technique. But just using these strategies  

回憶，練習題，以及費曼技巧。但僅僅使用這些策略

isn’t enough to maximize your learning.  You also need to apply them effectively. 

要最大限度地提高你的學習效果，僅有這些還不夠。 你還需要有效地應用它們。

Let’s discuss some of the most common mistakes  students make when applying active learning  

讓我們來討論一下學生在應用主動學習時最常犯的一些錯誤

strategies and what you can do to fix them. The first mistake is using active  

策略，以及你可以做什麼來解決它們。第一個錯誤是使用主動

learning techniques passively. Throughout elementary, middle,  

被動地學習技術。在整個小學、國中。

and high school, students are taught to use  passive learning techniques. They’re told to  

和高中時，學生被教導使用被動的學習技巧。他們被告知要

read through textbooks, listen to lectures, and  review their notes to do well in their classes.  

閱讀課本、聽講和複習筆記，以便在課堂上表現良好。

Over time, these strategies are reinforced and  passive learning becomes their default setting. 

隨著時間的推移，這些策略得到強化，被動學習成為他們的默認設置。

As a result, it can feel incredibly  difficult to break the cycle of  

是以，要打破這種循環可能會感到難以置信的困難。

passive learning–even when you start adopting  active learning techniques. Let me explain. 

被動學習--即使你開始採用主動學習技術。讓我解釋一下。

Let’s say you’ve just watched our Flash Card  Basics for Premeds video and have incorporated  

比方說，你剛剛觀看了我們的Flash Card Basics for Premeds視頻，並已將其納入了

active recall with spaced repetition into  your study routine. You’ve created your  

在你的學習程序中加入間隔性重複的主動回憶。你已經創建了你的

perfect Anki deck and start blasting through  100, 200, or even 300 flashcards every day.  

完善的Anki卡組，並開始每天爆破100、200、甚至300張閃卡。

But you run into a problem. Even though  you’re reviewing the information daily,  

但你遇到了一個問題。儘管你每天都在審查資訊。

it’s still not sticking. The mistake you’re  making is that you’re using flashcards passively. 

它仍然沒有堅持下去。你所犯的錯誤是，你在被動地使用閃卡。

If you read the question and immediately  flip to the other side without thinking  

如果你讀完問題後不假思索地立即翻到另一邊

through it or genuinely attempting to answer  it, it’s no different than reading through  

通過它或真正試圖回答它，這與通過閱讀沒有什麼不同。

your textbook or notes. The same can be  said about practice problems. Reading the  

你的課本或筆記。練習題的情況也是如此。閱讀

explanation without actually attempting the  question is still a form of passive learning. 

解釋而不實際嘗試做題，仍然是一種被動的學習。

Whenever you sit down to study, you should  be focused on the task at hand and treat  

每當你坐下來學習的時候，你應該專注於手頭的任務，並對待

every flashcard and practice question as if it  were the real thing. If you’re not doing that,  

把每張閃卡和練習題都當成是真實的東西。如果你沒有這樣做。

then you’re not using active learning effectively. This brings me to the next mistake I see students  

那麼你就沒有有效地使用主動學習。這讓我想到了我看到的學生的下一個錯誤

make, which is not studying  with sufficient intensity. 

使，這不是以足夠的強度來研究。

According to the misinterpreted-effort  hypothesis, students often perceive study  

根據被誤解的努力假說，學生往往認為學習

techniques that require greater mental effort to  be less effective for learning. As a result, they  

需要更多腦力勞動的技術對學習的效果較差。是以，他們

end up gravitating towards study techniques that  feel easy and avoid ones that feel challenging or  

最終傾向於那些感覺容易的學習技巧，而避免那些感覺具有挑戰性或

difficult. In short, when learning feels hard,  many students become discouraged and quit. 

困難。簡而言之，當學習感到困難時，許多學生就會灰心喪氣並放棄。

The problem with this belief is that the opposite  is true. Effective learning should feel difficult  

這種信念的問題在於，事實恰恰相反。有效的學習應該感到困難

and uncomfortable. It requires you to push  yourself beyond your comfort zone. If it  

和不舒服的感覺。它要求你把自己推到舒適區之外。如果它

doesn’t feel uncomfortable, then you’re probably  not studying with enough intensity and are  

不覺得不舒服，那麼你可能是學習的強度不夠，是

leaving learning gains on the table. To grow and improve as a student,  

把學習成果留在桌子上。作為一個學生，要成長和提高。

you must train your brain to work through  difficult problems and deal with intense  

你必須訓練你的大腦來解決困難的問題和處理激烈的

cognitive loads. This is what you’re asked to  do whenever you take a test, so this is what  

認知負荷。這就是你每次參加考試時被要求做的事情，所以這就是

you have to practice whenever you study. Another reason that students often avoid  

你必須在學習時進行練習。學生經常避免的另一個原因是

studying with higher intensity is that it can  feel inefficient. Although it may seem better  

學習更高的強度是，它可能會感到效率低下。雖然它可能看起來更好

to go through 40 practice questions instead of  20, quantity is not always better than quality. 

要通過40道練習題而不是20道，數量不一定比品質好。

Reading through a question, formulating an answer,  checking it, and then reviewing what you got wrong  

通讀問題，制定答案，檢查答案，然後回顧自己的錯誤之處

always takes more time than clicking through  and reading an explanation. That being said,  

總是比點擊閱讀解釋要花更多時間。話雖如此。

this time isn’t wasted. By approaching practice  questions in this way, you end up learning much  

這段時間並沒有浪費。通過以這種方式處理練習題，你最終會學到很多東西

more per practice question than you would  just blasting through as many as you can.  

每道練習題都要比你儘可能多的做完。

Instead of just understanding the answer to  one specific question, you’ll understand the  

與其說你只是瞭解一個具體問題的答案，不如說你會了解

underlying concept and be able to apply it  to many different questions and situations. 

基本概念並能將其應用於許多不同的問題和情況。

Mistake number three is not matching  the active learning technique to  

錯誤之三是沒有將主動學習技術與以下方面相匹配

the topic that you’re trying to learn. When it comes to learning, there is no  

你所要學習的主題。當談到學習時，沒有

one-size-fits-all solution. Each active learning  technique has its strengths and weaknesses. You  

一刀切的解決方案。每種主動學習技術都有其優勢和劣勢。你

need to find what works best given the topic  and how you’ll have to apply the information. 

需要找到最有效的方法，鑑於該主題以及你必須如何應用這些資訊。

For instance, topics like anatomy and  psychology are heavily dependent on rote  

例如，像解剖學和心理學這樣的課題在很大程度上依賴於背誦。

memorization. When learning these topics, you  need to get your reps in and expose yourself  

記憶。在學習這些主題時，你需要讓你的代表們參與進來，並讓自己暴露在其中

to the information enough times to make  it stick. For these and similar topics,  

足夠多的資訊，以使它堅持下去。對於這些和類似的主題。

active recall with spaced repetition in  the form of flashcards is most effective. 

以抽認卡的形式進行間隔性重複的主動記憶是最有效的。

Other classes, however, may require less  memorization and assess your critical thinking  

然而，其他課程可能需要較少的記憶，並評估你的批判性思維。

ability instead. For these topics, flashcards may  be helpful for learning some of the finer details;  

而不是能力。對於這些題目，閃卡可能有助於學習一些更精細的細節。

however, they aren’t the most optimal method  for learning. These topics often require you  

然而，它們並不是最理想的學習方法。這些題目往往需要你

to make connections between concepts and apply  the information to novel situations. As such,  

在概念之間建立聯繫，並將資訊應用於新的情況。是以。

you need to be challenging yourself  to do the same when you study. 

你需要在學習時挑戰自己，做到這一點。

Techniques such as mind maps, practice questions,  and the Feynman technique are much more effective  

諸如思維導圖、練習題和費曼技巧等技術更為有效。

for learning complex concepts that require a  deep understanding of the material. If your  

用於學習複雜的概念，需要對材料有深刻的理解。如果你的

primary study technique for these classes  is flashcards, you’ll likely have a hard  

這些課程的主要學習技巧是抽認卡，你可能會有一個困難的過程。

time making connections and understanding the  topic to the level of depth required to do well. 

時間建立聯繫，並理解該主題，以達到做好工作所需的深度水準。

This applies in the reverse direction as well.  If you try using mind maps, practice questions,  

這也適用於相反的方向。 如果你嘗試使用思維導圖，練習問題。

and the Feynman technique to learn subjects that  favor rote memorization, you may end up spending  

和費曼技術來學習那些有利於死記硬背的科目，你可能最終會花掉

so much time trying to understand and organize  the information that you fail to get your reps  

試圖理解和組織資訊的時間太多，以至於你無法得到你的代表。

in. With any topic, you need to assess what you’re  trying to learn and how you will have to apply  

在。對於任何主題，你需要評估你要學習的內容，以及你將不得不如何應用

that information to determine the best approach. And don’t be afraid to adapt and experiment with  

該資訊以確定最佳方法。而且不要害怕適應和嘗試使用

your study techniques if things aren’t working.  One definition of insanity is doing the same thing  

如果事情不起作用，你的學習技巧。 精神錯亂的一個定義是做同樣的事情

over and over again and expecting a different  result. Regularly assess your study techniques  

一遍又一遍地重複，並期望得到不同的結果。定期評估你的學習技巧

and consider how you can improve them. The ability to reflect and adapt is  

並考慮你如何能夠改進它們。反思和適應的能力是

key to becoming a top student. For more  tips to help you become a top performer,  

成為頂尖學生的關鍵。想了解更多幫助你成為優等生的技巧。

be sure to check out Strategies of the Top  1% of Students – link in the description. 

請務必查看《前1%的學生的策略》--描述中的鏈接。

Mistake number four is being too  structured with your learning. 

第四個錯誤是對你的學習過於結構化。

Now you might be asking yourself, “isn’t  organization always good?” But with learning,  

現在你可能會問自己，"組織不總是好的嗎？"但隨著學習的深入。

this isn’t always the case. When done properly,  learning is often messy. It shouldn’t feel rote  

情況並不總是如此。如果做得好，學習往往是混亂的。它不應該感到死記硬背

or routine. Instead, it should feel a bit  challenging and even unpredictable at times. 

或例行公事。相反，它應該感到有點挑戰性，甚至有時是不可預測的。

When I was in college, I made the mistake of being  too structured with my studying. I thought I had  

在我上大學的時候，我犯了一個錯誤，就是在學習上太有條理了。我認為我有

to read through the textbook and lecture in order  and do things in a regimented way. It wasn’t until  

按部就班地通讀課本和講義，按部就班地做事。直到

later into my academic career that I realized the  power of being more flexible with my approach. 

在我後來的學術生涯中，我意識到更靈活的方法的力量。

When you’re learning a topic, your goal shouldn’t  be to master each concept before moving on to the  

當你學習一個主題時，你的目標不應該是在掌握每個概念後再進入下一個主題。

next. Instead, your goal should be to build  a scaffolding and then fill in the details. 

下一個。相反，你的目標應該是建立一個腳手架，然後填上細節。

Learning is all about making new neuronal  connections in the brain. The more connections  

學習是關於在大腦中建立新的神經元連接。連接越多

you can make between pieces of information, the  more likely that information is to stick. By  

你能在不同的資訊片斷之間做出選擇，這些資訊就越有可能被記住。通過

building a framework of knowledge before trying  to fill in the details, you give yourself more  

在試圖填補細節之前建立一個知識框架，你會給自己更多的

pieces to connect. So instead of going from  A to B and then to C, sometimes it may make  

件來連接。是以，不是從A到B再到C，而是有時可能使

more sense to go from A to C and then back  to B. Our job as students is to reorganize  

作為學生，我們的工作是重新組織，從A到C然後再回到B。

information in a way that makes sense to us. You also shouldn’t be afraid to use all of  

以一種對我們有意義的方式提供資訊。你也不應該害怕使用所有的

the tools at your disposal. You don’t  have to read the entire textbook chapter  

你可以使用的工具。你不需要閱讀整個教科書的章節

or all of the lecture slides before you start  incorporating flashcards or practice questions. 

在你開始加入抽認卡或練習題之前，請先閱讀或閱讀所有的講課幻燈片。

Too often, students will wait until they’re  familiar with the material before they start  

太多時候，學生會等到他們熟悉了材料後才開始

utilizing active learning strategies because  it feels premature. This is a mistake. Let it  

利用主動學習策略，因為感覺時機不成熟。這是個錯誤。讓它

feel messy. Let it feel uncomfortable.  What you’ll end up with is a much more  

感到混亂。讓它感到不舒服。 你最終會得到的是一個更多的

robust understanding of the information.  You’ll be able to make connections between  

對資訊的有力理解。 你將能夠在以下方面建立聯繫

information faster which will allow you to retain  the information more effectively in the long term. 

資訊更快，這將使你在長期內更有效地保留資訊。

The last mistake is not  optimizing your physiology. 

最後一個錯誤是沒有優化你的生理結構。

We all know the long-term health benefits of  good nutrition, sleep, and exercise; however,  

我們都知道良好的營養、睡眠和運動對健康的長期益處；然而。

many people fail to realize that optimizing your  health can also make you a more effective student. 

許多人沒有意識到，優化你的健康也能使你成為一個更有效的學生。

Research has shown that cognitive performance and  memory are improved when you are healthier. This  

研究表明，當你更健康時，認知性能和記憶力會得到改善。這

means that you can not only learn information  more effectively, but you can also retain  

意味著你不僅可以更有效地學習資訊，而且還可以保留

that information for longer periods of time.  Staying healthy has also been shown to improve  

該資訊的時間更長。 保持健康也被證明可以改善

mental health which makes you more resilient to  stress and burnout meaning that you can study  

心理健康，使你對壓力和倦怠有更強的適應力，這意味著你可以學習

more intensely and for longer periods of time. There are three pillars that you need to focus on:  

更加密集和更長的時間。有三個支柱是你需要關注的。

sleep, exercise, and nutrition. If any  one of these is off, you’re leaving a  

睡眠、運動和營養。如果其中任何一個環節出現問題，你就會留下一個

lot of performance on the table. As such, you  should make each one a priority in your life. 

桌上有很多業績。是以，你應該把每一個人作為你生活中的優先事項。

Organize your schedule so that you can get  7-9 hours of sleep each night. Schedule  

安排好你的日程，以便你每晚能有7-9小時的睡眠。時間安排

time to be active and exercise. And plan your  meals ahead of time so that you aren’t tempted  

有時間去活動和鍛鍊。並提前計劃你的膳食，以便你不會受到誘惑

by fast food or other convenient options. For actionable tips on improving your health  

由快餐或其他方便的選擇。關於改善健康的可操作提示

and incorporating proper sleep, nutrition, and  exercise into your schedule, be sure to check  

並將適當的睡眠、營養和運動納入你的日程安排，請務必查看

out How to Rank First in Medical School | The  (Not So) Obvious Truth over on the Kevin Jubbal,  

請看《如何在醫學院排名第一》--《不那麼明顯的真相》。

M.D. YouTube channel - link in the description. Thank you all so much for watching. If you  

M.D. YouTube頻道--描述中的鏈接。非常感謝大家的觀看。如果你

enjoyed this video, be sure to check out  Why You’re Not a Straight-A Student (& How  

欣賞了這段視頻，請務必查看《為什麼你不是一個全優學生（及如何成為全優學生）》。

to Become One) or this other video.  Much love, and I’ll see you guys there.

to Become One）或這個其他視頻。 非常感謝，我們會在那裡見到你們。