Name: 如何成為開明的人｜柏拉圖的哲學 (How to Become Enlightened | The Philosophy of Plato)
Uploaded: 2022-12-06T17:37:06.000Z
Duration: 14 min 43 s

The word "enlightened" means to bring light to something, or in other words, to remove

"開化 "一詞的意思是為某物帶來光明，或者換句話說，是指去除

If you bring a lamp to a dark room, you enlighten it.

如果你把一盞燈帶到一個黑暗的房間，你就會照亮它。

And the same thing can happen to your mind.

而同樣的事情也會發生在你的頭腦中。

If light is brought to your inner darkness, then you become enlightened.

如果給你內心的黑暗帶來光明，那麼你就會變得開明。

And what's the difference between being in the light and being in the dark?

而在光明中和在黑暗中的區別是什麼？

An enlightened person has increased perspicuity, which just means clarity of vision, as opposed

一個開悟的人有更多的洞察力，這只是意味著清晰的視野，而不是說

And when one's vision is clear, they more easily reach the places they set out for.

而當一個人的視野清晰時，他們更容易到達他們所設定的地方。

But in the dark, you may feel confused, lost, and unable to reach your goals.

但在黑暗中，你可能會感到困惑、迷失，無法達到你的目標。

The word enlightenment has this mystical connotation about it, but it actually a very grounded

啟蒙這個詞有一種神祕的內涵，但它實際上是一種非常接地氣的東西。

Think about it like this: sometimes we're born with, or develop, cataracts in our eyes.

這樣想吧：有時我們的眼睛天生就有白內障，或者發展成白內障。

Enlightenment is simply the removal of this obstruction.

It's a return to clear sight, and some people are just born with clear vision.

這是對清晰視力的迴歸，而有些人就是天生擁有清晰視力。

那麼，一個人是如何開悟的呢？

In his _Allegory of the Cave_, Plato tells a story describing the path from ignorance

在他的《洞穴傳說》中，柏拉圖講述了一個故事，描述了從無知到有知的道路

There's a cave with a few prisoners inside of it, and all of them are shackled against

有一個山洞，裡面有幾個囚犯，所有的人都帶著鐐銬。

Their heads are locked in place and only allowed to look forward.

他們的頭被鎖在原地，只允許向前看。

In front of them there's a wall, and behind them there's a bridge, and behind that bridge

在他們前面有一堵牆，在他們後面有一座橋，而在那座橋後面

As people walk across the bridge with objects in their hands, the fire behind the bridge

當人們手裡拿著東西走過橋時，橋後的火焰

casts a shadow of those objects onto the wall in front of the prisoners.

將這些物體的陰影投射到囚犯面前的牆上。

Because the prisoners have never seen anything else but these shadows, they think they are

因為囚犯們除了這些影子之外從未見過其他東西，他們認為它們是

Even the voices they hear behind them they attribute to these shadows.

甚至他們在身後聽到的聲音也被他們歸結為這些影子。

And since these prisoners have nothing better to do, they spend their life becoming experts

由於這些囚犯沒有更好的事情可做，他們一生都在成為專家

They memorize their shapes, sequence, sounds, so on and so forth.

他們記住了自己的形狀、順序、聲音，等等，等等。

But one day, one of the prisoners breaks free.

但有一天，其中一名囚犯掙脫了束縛。

He looks behind him and sees the flame, and at first it hurts his eyes.

他看了看身後，看到了火焰，起初它傷害了他的眼睛。

But instead of going back to the comfortable shadows, he allows his eyes to adjust so he

但他沒有回到舒適的陰影中去，而是讓自己的眼睛適應，所以他

Then he notices the objects passing back and forth in front of it, and he realizes that

然後，他注意到物體在它前面來回傳遞，他意識到

they were casting the shadows on the wall.

He realizes that everything he believed about the shadows was false.

他意識到，他所相信的關於影子的一切是錯誤的。

He steps out into the light, and again, the brightness is painful to his eyes.

他走到燈光下，同樣，亮度讓他的眼睛感到痛苦。

But instead of going back to the comfort of his cave, he gives his eyes a chance to adjust.

但他沒有回到舒適的洞穴中，而是給自己的眼睛一個適應的機會。

First he looks at just the shadows of things.

Then he looks at their reflection in the water.

然後他看了看他們在水中的倒影。

And then he looks upon the things themselves.

然後他又看了看這些東西本身。

He starts to look at the stars in the night sky, and finally, he looks upon the sun itself,

他開始看夜空中的星星，最後，他看了看太陽本身。

and he realizes that it's the reason he's able to see anything at all.

他意識到，這是他能夠看到任何東西的原因。

The philosopher goes back to the cave to tell the other prisoners everything that he saw,

哲學家回到山洞，把他看到的一切告訴其他囚犯。

Having been in the light so long, his eyes are no longer accustomed to the dark.

在燈光下呆了這麼久，他的眼睛已經不習慣黑暗了。

He can no long distinguish between the different shadows like he used to, and as a result,

他再也不能像以前那樣區分不同的影子了，結果是。

They think he's been ruined by his journey up to the light.

他們認為他已經被他的光明之旅給毀了。

But if the philosopher gives his eyes time to adjust to the shadows once more, he can

但是，如果哲學家給他的眼睛以時間再次適應陰影，他可以

communicate with the prisoners more clearly.

He can tell them exactly what it is that they're looking at—the actual source of those shadows.

他可以準確地告訴他們，他們正在看的是什麼--那些陰影的實際來源。

But what good would the description be to the prisoners?

但這樣的描述對犯人有什麼好處呢？

What could they really understand about things they've never really seen?

對於他們從未真正見過的東西，他們能真正理解什麼？

The goal of the philosopher isn't simply to describe that which really exists, but

哲學家的目標不是簡單地描述真正存在的東西，而是

to get the prisoners to see it for themselves.

So what stops the prisoners from seeing the truth for themselves?

那麼是什麼阻止了囚犯們自己看到真相呢？

And what quality does the philosopher have that allows him to see things as they are?

那麼，哲學家有什麼品質使他能夠看到事物的本來面目？

The philosopher's mind is _vigilant_, attentive to its own errors, always watching for potential

哲學家的頭腦是_警覺的，注意自己的錯誤，總是在觀察潛在的

When the philosopher witnesses the light of truth, it initially blinds him and makes him

當哲學家目睹真理之光時，它最初使他盲目，使他

uncomfortable, but he's willing to overcome that discomfort.

不舒服，但他願意克服這種不舒服的感覺。

他給自己的眼睛以適應的時間。

And by overcoming this initial discomfort, he sees his error.

而通過克服這種最初的不適感，他看到了自己的錯誤。

And by seeing his error as an error, he overcomes it.

通過把他的錯誤看作是一個錯誤，他克服了這個錯誤。

And what is an enlightened mind, if not a mind that has completely freed itself of its

什麼是開悟的心，如果不是一個已經完全釋放了自己的心，那就是一個開悟的心。

And how does this differ from the prisoner's mind?

而這與犯人的思想有什麼不同呢？

The prisoner's mind is _ignorant_, ignoring its own errors, always looking for comfort.

囚犯的思想是_無知的，無視自己的錯誤，總是在尋找安慰。

When the prisoner witnesses the light of truth, it blinds him and makes him uncomfortable

當囚犯目睹真理之光時，它使他盲目，並使他感到不舒服

too, but unlike the philosopher, he chooses to go back to the world of shadows, to the

也是如此，但與哲學家不同的是，他選擇回到陰影的世界，回到

他所知道的並在其中找到安慰的世界。

And by refusing to be uncomfortable, he falls deeper into error.

由於拒絕不自在，他在錯誤中陷得更深。

And what is an imprisoned mind, if not a mind that has fallen deeply into error and confusion.

而什麼是被禁錮的思想，如果不是深深陷入錯誤和混亂的思想。

It's all well and good to talk about vigilance and ignorance in theory, but what do they

在理論上談論警惕和無知都是很好的，但它們是什麼呢？

Imagine that you see that that a friend you've had for years is actually not a real friend.

想象一下，你看到你多年的朋友其實並不是真正的朋友。

They let you down in a difficult time when you desperately needed them to come through,

他們在你迫切需要他們的時候讓你失望了。

when they promised they would come through.

You can go back to the old ways, to the shadows, and just pretend you're good friends despite

你可以回到過去的方式，回到陰影中，儘管假裝你們是好朋友。

這一點，或者你可以面對事實。

Accept that they're just someone you occasionally hang out with and nothing more than that.

接受他們只是偶爾和你一起玩的人，僅此而已。

You have two choices: will you become vigilant or remain ignorant?

你有兩個選擇：是提高警惕還是保持無知？

What will happen if you become vigilant, if you acknowledge you were wrong about them?

如果你變得警覺，如果你承認你對他們的看法是錯誤的，會發生什麼？

You'll feel uncomfortable, coming to the realization that you're not as close friends

你會感到不舒服，逐漸意識到你不是那麼親密的朋友

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如何成為開明的人｜柏拉圖的哲學 (How to Become Enlightened | The Philosophy of Plato)

potential

journey

realize

average