US-19 in New Port Richey, Florida on the state's Gulf Coast.

美國 19 號公路位於佛羅里達州墨西哥灣沿岸的新里奇港。

A group of urban planners looked at the entire US roadway network and identified 60 pedestrian fatality hotspots:

一組城市規劃人員查看了整個美國道路網絡，並找出了 60 個行人死亡熱區：

1000 meter corridors where pedestrian deaths are most common.

行人死亡最常見的 1000 米走廊。

And this 1000 meter stretch topped their list.

而這段 1000 米路段在榜單上名列前茅。

17 fatal crashes here in a 16 year study window.

在 16 年的研究中，這裡發生了 17 起致命車禍。

Pedestrian fatalities in the U.S. have been creeping up in the past decade thanks mostly to the way road infrastructure favors cars above all else.

在過去的十年中，美國行人死亡人數不斷攀升，這主要歸因於道路基礎設施優先考慮汽車需求。

And nowhere is that more clear than right here.

這一點在這裡最清楚不過了。

US-19 runs north to south, down Florida's Gulf Coast and bisects the small community of New Port Richey, cutting off its downtown from its coastal features,

美國 19 號公路從北向南延伸，沿著佛羅里達州的墨西哥灣沿岸，將新里奇港的小社區一分為二，也將市中心與沿海地貌隔絕開來。

which means traveling east to west, or vice versa requires you to cross it.

這意味著從東到西，或反之都需要穿越它。

It's a type of roadway that would feel familiar to Americans.

這是美國人熟悉的道路類型。

Car culture is visible everywhere from the volume of drivers to the businesses alongside it.

汽車文化隨處可見，從開車人數到其周邊企業。

And along US-19, drivers are moving fast.

而沿著美國 19 號公路，駕駛們正快速行駛。

The posted speed limit on this stretch is 45 miles per hour,

這段路規定限速是每小時 45 英里。

but driving speeds appear to be much faster than that.

但駕駛速度似乎要比這快得多。

Traffic safety experts will tell you that speed is one of the most important factors in pedestrian safety.

交通安全專家會告訴你，速度是行人安全中最重要的因素之一。

A street design report established that traveling up to 15 miles per hour, drivers have a wide peripheral vision.

一份街道設計報告表明，以每小時 15 英里的速度行駛時，駕駛的視野範圍很廣。

They only need 25 feet to come to a full stop and the risk of fatality if they hit someone is 2%.

他們只需要 25 英尺就可以完全停下來，如果他們撞到人，死亡的風險是 2%。

Once drivers are traveling over 40 miles per hour, their peripheral view narrows.

一旦駕駛的速度超過每小時 40 英里他們的周邊視野就會變窄。

They require more room to stop and the risk of fatality climbs to 85%.

他們需要更長距離來停下，死亡風險攀升至 85%。

Enforcing speed limits can only do so much.

而速限只能做到如此。

The built environment, as we call it, is sending a message that this is for high speed travel.

我們所說的建築環境正傳遞一個訊習，這段路是為高速行駛設計的。

Robert Schneider led the pedestrian safety study that found that 97% of the roadways with high pedestrian fatalities had multiple lanes.

羅伯特·施耐德領導的行人安全研究發現，97% 行人死亡率高的道路都有多條車道。

At its widest, US-19 spans 8 lanes, which allows cars to pass and move faster than if they were stuck behind another car in a single lane.

19 號公路最寬處橫跨 8 條車道，與單行道不同，這讓汽車能在被擋住時超車，快速通過。

And the road is straight as an arrow.

而且這條路筆直如箭。

No curves that would nudge drivers to take it slow.

沒有逼迫駕駛減速的彎道。

The type of businesses along US-19 support a car-first fast driving environment:

美國 19 號公路沿途的商業類型也助長了高速駕駛環境。

Big box stores and strip malls that sit far away from the road with large parking lots in between.

遠離道路的大賣場和購物中心，中間還有大型停車場。

And billboards displayed up high for an audience of fast drivers rather than at human scale.

廣告牌高高懸掛，為了展示給高速駕駛，而不是一般視線高度。

Arterial roads, like US-19, not quite a street but not quite a highway, were built to keep this high-speed traffic off of nearby residential neighborhoods.

像 19 號公路這樣的幹線公路不算是街道，但也不算是高速公路，是為了讓這種高速交通遠離附近的居民區而建造的。

But this type of sprawling development grew along arterial roads,

但這種無序的發展沿著幹線公路生長

creating a dangerous mix of car-centric design with the possibility that pedestrians, cyclists, or public transit users would want to access these business centers.

形成了以汽車為設計中心，但行人、自行車騎士或公共交通使用者可能想從這進入商業中心的危險組合。

And it explains why arterial roads only make up 13% of US roadways but are the site of 59% of pedestrian deaths.

這也解釋了為什麼幹線公路只佔美國公路的 13%，但卻有 59% 的行人死亡是在這裡發生的。

Now, let's relate that to US-19's pedestrian design.

現在，讓我們將其與 US-19 的行人道設計聯繫起來。

Or... lack thereof.

或... 缺乏設計。

Not everyone can or wants to drive, but they still have to get to where they're going.

不是每個人都可以或想開車，但他們仍然必須到達他們要去的地方。

I walk along US-19 about 3 or 4 times a week, to and from work.

我每週沿著 19 號公路走 3 到 4 次，上下班。

It's a lot cheaper than taking the bus.

這比坐公車便宜得多。

I was crossing the crosswalk, someone was turning and just bumped right into me.

我正在過斑馬線，有人要轉彎，正好撞到我。

I had a few bumps, bruises, you know, some cracked ribs.

我有一些撞傷、瘀傷，還有幾根肋骨斷裂。

I have a hearing disability, which causes severe vertigo and issues with balance.

我有聽力障礙，這導致嚴重的眩暈和平衡問題。

So it's not wise to drive.

所以開車不是明智的選擇。

Every single day, I am afraid of either getting bumped or yelled at, or honked at, or cut off, every day.

每天，我都害怕被撞、被罵、被按喇叭或被擋住，每一天都是。

As a pedestrian trying to cross the road, I'd have to choose between this crosswalk...

作為一個試圖過馬路的行人，我不得不在這條斑馬線...

or this one, which is nearly 950 meters away.

和這條之間做出選擇，兩者距離將近 950 米

That's a 30 or 40 minute walk.

那要走 30 到 40 分鐘。

A distance so far that it encourages risky jaywalking.

距離太遠，助長行人冒險穿越馬路。

There's a better term for that, it turns out.

事實上，有個更好的說法。

Cross at a location where there's no signal.

在沒有信號的地方過馬路。

In the profession, we tend to try to say that jaywalk is a term that was developed by the auto interests in the early 1900s

在專業上，我們說 jaywalk 是 1900 年代初期由汽車利益集團開發的一個術語，

to essentially shame people who were crossing in the middle of the block

本質上是為了羞辱那些在街區中間過馬路的人。

which had been okay, socially, prior to the 1920s, 1930s.

穿越馬路這在 20 世紀 20 年代、30年代前的社會是沒問題的。

The sidewalks are constantly interrupted by the curb cuts into parking lots,

人行道不斷被路邊切入停車場的入口切斷，

which introduce more opportunities to interact with a moving car without a signal.

這帶來了更多在沒有燈號的情況下與行駛中汽車碰上的機會。

I first tried this crosswalk, waited for 10 minutes only to find out it didn't work, so I tried the next crossing.

我先試了這條斑馬線，等了10分鐘發現行不通，於是又試了下一個斑馬線。

Robert Schneider told me that the longer you wait at a crosswalk, the more pedestrians are incentivized to cross before the signal.

羅伯特告訴我，在斑馬線等的時間越長，人們就越容易在綠燈之前穿越。

Finally, once you do cross, you have to traverse the length of the eight lanes,

然後，穿越後，你還得穿過八車道的長度，

which puts US-19 in the company of 70% of the hot spot roadways in Robert Schneider's study that forced pedestrians to cross five or more lanes.

19 號公路與羅伯特·施耐德研究中 70% 的熱區道路都有這個特點，這些道路迫使行人穿過五個或更多車道。

And all of this is so much more treacherous when there is less light.

而光線不足時，所有這一切都變得更加危險。

There's a concept in urbanism called safety in numbers.

城市規劃中有一個概念，叫做「數量安全」。

The more pedestrians there are in an environment, the safer it is to be one.

一個環境中的行人越多，行人就越安全。

There aren't many pedestrians along US-19, which makes the high number of fatalities even more alarming.

美國 19 號公路沿線沒有多少行人，這使得高數量的死亡事件更加令人震驚。

The lower the median household income in a neighborhood, the more common it is for pedestrian fatalities to occur there.

一個社區的家庭收入中位數越低，行人死亡事故就越常見。

And that's because bad street design and arterial roads like US-19 are more likely to exist in those communities.

那是因為糟糕的街道設計和像美國 19 號公路這樣的主幹道更有可能存在於這些社區中。

Improving pedestrian design would invite more people to walk, making it safer for people who have no other choice.

改善行人路設計會鼓勵更多人步行，讓別無選擇的人更安全。

Florida transportation officials are spending millions to improve this stretch of US-19,

佛羅里達州交通官員正在花費數百萬美元來改善這一段 19 號公路，

like reducing the speed limit, adding more crosswalks, adding more lights, and delaying green light to intersections.

比如降低限速、增加斑馬線、路燈，以及延長十字路口綠燈。

The mayor of New Port Richey told me he favors adding pedestrian and cyclist bridges here to get people off the road entirely.

新里奇港的市長告訴我，他贊成在這裡增加人行天橋和自行車天橋，讓人們完全遠離道路。

These are expensive solutions and unpopular among drivers.

這些都是昂貴的解決方案，不受駕駛們擁護。

But not nearly as hard as the long term goal,

但這遠沒有長期目標那麼困難。

which is undoing decades of car centric design like, removing lanes, adding street parking instead and developing retail and housing in parking lots.

長期目標是推翻數十年來以汽車為中心的設計，例如減少車道、增加路邊停車位，以及在停車場開發零售和住房。

A built environment that will get more people on foot, more drivers to slow down, and will save lives.

一個能讓更多人步行、讓更多司機減速並拯救生命的環境。

It's not a quick solution but something we need to actually be starting to move towards

這不是個快速的解決方案，但我們得開始朝著這個方向邁進。

rather than continuing to build the sprawling development that we know is dangerous.

而不是繼續構建我們知道是危險的龐大開發。

This video is an adaptation of a Vox.com story by reporter Marin Cogan.

本視頻改編自記者 Marin Cogan 的 Vox 故事。

Local officials and journalists have credited her reporting for raising awareness about pedestrian safety along this deadly stretch of road.

當地官員和記者認為她的報導提高了人們對這條致命道路上行人安全的認識。

I highly recommend you check out her story that I linked in the description below.

我強烈建議大家點擊下方描述欄連結中她的故事。

Thanks so much for watching.

感謝觀看。