First, the implementation of what's known as the paris agreement now in 2015 countries agreed to try to limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

首先，執行所謂的巴黎協議，現在在2015年各國同意嘗試將全球溫度上升限制在1.5攝氏度。

Second, we have action on loss and damage that's developed nations finding ways to compensate and assist developing nations following decades of environmental damage.

第二，我們有關於損失和損害的行動，即發達國家在幾十年的環境損害之後，找到補償和協助開發中國家的方法。

And thirdly, well, there is a promise to be more transparent about the process.

第三，嗯，有一個承諾，就是讓這個過程更加透明。

Rich countries will also outline how they plan to reduce their carbon emissions with countries most affected by rising temperatures describing how climate change is impacting them.

富裕國家還將概述他們計劃如何減少碳排放，受氣溫上升影響最大的國家將介紹氣候變化對他們的影響。

The BBC's climate editor, Justin Rowland has our first report from Sharm el Sheikh.

BBC的氣候編輯賈斯汀-羅蘭為我們帶來了來自沙姆沙伊赫的第一篇報道。

You don't have to go far from the coast in Egypt to find vivid evidence of what's at stake.

在埃及，你不必遠離海岸，就能找到生動的證據，說明什麼是利害關係。

The Red Sea is home to some of the most magnificent and biodiverse coral reefs in the world, but coral is incredibly vulnerable to climate change.

紅海是世界上一些最壯麗和生物多樣性的珊瑚礁的家園，但珊瑚對氣候變化的脆弱性是驚人的。

Scientists say virtually all the world's coral reefs could be gone by the end of the century, possibly sooner now think what that means?

科學家們說，世界上幾乎所有的珊瑚礁都可能在本世紀末消失，可能更快，現在想想這意味著什麼？

An ecosystem that's taken hundreds of millions of years to evolve, gone forever.

一個歷經數億年進化的生態系統，永遠消失了。

Rishi soon arrived in Egypt last night.

Rishi很快就在昨晚抵達了埃及。

These talks are reckoned to be the world's best hope of tackling climate change.

這些會談被認為是世界上應對氣候變化的最大希望。

The british Prime Minister will be announcing millions of pounds of funding for clean energy and forest protection today, he'll say the U.

英國首相今天將宣佈為清潔能源和森林保護提供數百萬英鎊的資金，他將在美國說。

K is steadfast in its support of countries on the front line of climate change.

K公司堅定不移地支持處於氣候變化第一線的國家。

It's been another year of climate-related extreme weather, terrible floods, left a third of Pakistan underwater.

這又是與氣候有關的極端天氣的一年，可怕的洪水，使巴基斯坦三分之一的地區被淹沒。

For example another year of drought pushed 40 million people in East Africa closer to famine.

例如，另一年的乾旱使東非的4000萬人更接近於饑荒。

Developing nations are demanding not just millions but hundreds of billions of pounds of assistance from the rich world Nicola sturgeon, the Scottish First Minister will also be in Egypt today.

開發中國家要求富國提供的援助不僅僅是數百萬，而是數千億英鎊，蘇格蘭首席部長尼古拉-斯特金今天也將在埃及。

She played a key role in the last U.

她在上屆美國總統選舉中發揮了關鍵作用。

N.

N.

Climate talks in Glasgow and says it is time rich countries coughed up the cash they promised to help the developing world rise to the climate challenge.

在格拉斯哥舉行的氣候談判中，他說現在是富國拿出他們承諾的現金來幫助開發中國家迎接氣候挑戰的時候了。

One bit of good news though the Egyptian reefs are particularly resistant to marine heating according to local scientists.

不過有一個好消息，根據當地科學家的說法，埃及的珊瑚礁對海洋加熱有特別的抵抗力。

The negotiators here will need to summon similar reserves of resilience if progress is going to be made at the conference Justin Rowland BBC News Sharm El Sheikh.

如果要在會議上取得進展，這裡的談判者將需要喚起類似的復原力儲備，賈斯汀-羅蘭BBC新聞沙姆沙伊赫。

Egypt.

埃及。

Well joining us now is Hodgett Singh who is head of the global political strategy at the Climate Action Network, a global network of civil society groups in 130 countries.

現在加入我們的是霍奇特-辛格，他是氣候行動網絡的全球政治戰略負責人，該網絡是由130個國家的民間社會團體組成的全球網絡。

Great to have you with us Hodgett.

很高興你能和我們在一起，Hodgett。

I want to start off first with what you think we achieved following cop 26.

我想先說說你認為我們在第26號警察之後取得了什麼成就。

Let's start there.

讓我們從這裡開始。

Thank you very much for having me.

非常感謝您邀請我。

I think it's a very difficult question because we have gone really backwards when it comes to climate action.

我認為這是一個非常困難的問題，因為當涉及到氣候行動時，我們已經真的倒退了。

We have seen countries moving away from climate targets and investing more in fossil fuels and we know that fossil fuels are primarily responsible for the climate crisis and not just that health and energy crisis that we are facing right now.

我們已經看到各國遠離氣候目標，更多地投資於化石燃料，我們知道化石燃料是造成氣候危機的主要原因，而不僅僅是我們現在所面臨的健康和能源危機。

So there's a lot of backsliding we have seen from rich countries particularly Dash for gas in africa.

是以，我們看到富國，特別是非洲的Dash公司在天然氣方面有很多倒退。

And we've also seen that these countries have not met their commitment of providing climate finance.

而且我們也看到，這些國家沒有履行其提供氣候資金的承諾。

So they have again not met their target of providing $100 billion a year.

所以他們又沒有達到每年提供1000億美元的目標。

And we have seen on loss and damage some progress just yesterday, it has been agreed that we will be discussing loss and damage finance.

我們已經看到在損失和損害方面取得了一些進展，就在昨天，人們已經同意我們將討論損失和損害的資金問題。

It has happened after years of fight to put it on the agenda.

經過多年的鬥爭，將其列入議程，這已經發生了。

Uh That's the only little positive thing that I see on everything else.

呃，這是我在其他一切事物上看到的唯一的小的積極因素。

We are going backwards, loss and damage.

我們正在倒退，損失和損害。

How is that defined what what's the criteria for that?

這一點是如何定義的，其標準是什麼？

So the impacts that we are facing right now, intensifying floods, storms and rising seas have been caused by decades of fossil fuel emissions.

是以，我們現在所面臨的影響，加劇的洪水、風暴和上升的海面，都是由幾十年的化石燃料排放造成的。

And there has not been any process in the system under climate change U.

而在氣候變化U下，系統中沒有任何進程。

N.

N.

System to provide support to people who are already suffering from the impacts they are losing their home farms and income yet not a single penny has been provided to them to recover from these impacts.

為已經受到影響的人們提供支持的系統，他們正在失去他們的家庭農場和收入，但卻沒有為他們提供一分錢來恢復這些影響。

And that's what we call addressing loss and damage.

而這就是我們所說的解決損失和損害。

So the system has failed so far.

所以到目前為止，這個系統已經失敗了。

And now the discussions will begin on how to provide support to those people.

而現在將開始討論如何向這些人提供支持。

How would you suggest we do start to provide support?

你建議我們如何開始提供支持？

I think the very first thing is to agree that a new stream of finance has to be established at cop 27 yesterday when the agenda was agreed, it was decided that no later than 2024 we need to have a conclusive decision Now what does that mean?

我認為第一件事是同意必須在昨天商定議程時建立一個新的資金流，決定不遲於2024年我們需要有一個結論性的決定，這意味著什麼？

It means that we need to have an agreement and that's what we as climate action network are demanding that we should agree on setting up a new fund here and then the next two years we can work towards operational izing that finance Because as these people around the world such as who have lost their homes to floods in Pakistan or people who are facing famine in Somalia.

這意味著我們需要有一個協議，這就是我們作為氣候行動網絡所要求的，我們應該同意在這裡設立一個新的基金，然後在接下來的兩年裡，我們可以努力使這筆資金運作起來，因為世界各地的這些人，例如在巴基斯坦的洪水中失去家園的人或在索馬里面臨饑荒的人。

They are not getting adequate support.

他們沒有得到足夠的支持。

So they need to see hope coming from top 27 and that's what the role of leaders who are coming here.

所以他們需要看到希望來自27歲以上的人，這就是來到這裡的領導人的作用。

Do you think that the right people are the ones that are sitting around that table?

你認為正確的人是坐在那張桌子旁的人嗎？

Yes.

是的。

We're watching the leaders, they hold it well actually, is it them that hold the purse strings or is it big business are the right people sitting around the table.

我們正在觀察領導人，他們實際上掌握得很好，是他們掌握了錢包，還是大企業是正確的人坐在桌子周圍。

We have governments who will decide when we talk about the U.

我們有政府，他們將決定我們何時談論美國。

N.

N.

Space.

空間。

It's the responsibility of governments.

這是政府的責任。

Yes.

是的。

Absolutely.

絕對的。

Big businesses must pay and they are the big polluters.

大企業必須支付，他們是大的汙染者。

We know that 100 companies are responsible for more than 70% of a cumulative emissions.

我們知道，100家公司要對70%以上的累計排放量負責。

But who will tax these these companies, its governments, they have to be bold enough.

但誰來對這些這些公司徵稅，其政府，他們必須有足夠的勇氣。

They have to show that courage.

他們必須表現出這種勇氣。

But right now we see that they are in bed with these companies and that's why fossil fuel companies are making money while people, ordinary people are suffering from the energy crisis, from the climate crisis.

但現在我們看到，他們與這些公司同流合汙，這就是為什麼化石燃料公司在賺錢，而人們，普通人卻在遭受能源危機、氣候危機的影響。

So governments have a decisive role To penalize and tax these big companies so that people who are facing several crisis can be supported.

是以，政府有一個決定性的作用，對這些大公司進行懲罰和徵稅，使那些面臨幾個危機的人能夠得到支持。

So we cannot just expect private companies to you know, come up with a solution on their own.

是以，我們不能只是指望私營公司，你知道，自己想出一個解決方案。

They have not over the last 30 years, it's governments who will make that happen.

在過去的30年裡，他們沒有這樣做，而是由政府來實現。

We know that this is a long time, a long term plan.

我們知道這是一個漫長的時間，一個長期的計劃。

Or is it I mean, we're hearing a lot about, we are running running out of time, running out of time.

或者是我的意思是，我們聽到了很多關於，我們正在運行的時間，沒有時間了。

Whereas we talk about the leaders and their political lifespan is relatively short.

而我們談論的是領導人，他們的政治壽命相對較短。

What's the incentive to get them to act well instead of incentive?

有什麼激勵措施可以讓他們表現得好而不是激勵？

I would say we need pressure from people on ground citizens have to hold their leaders to account.

我想說，我們需要來自當地人民的壓力，公民必須讓他們的領導人負責。

We cannot just see them paying lip service.

我們不能只看到他們口惠而實不至。

And if I talk about U.

而如果我談起U。

K.

K.

That was claiming to be the Climate Leader, we have seen UK backsliding and awarding 100 life two companies to extract oil and gas.

那是聲稱自己是氣候領袖，我們看到英國在倒退，授予兩個公司100條生命來開採石油和天然氣。

On one hand, we allow leaders to make tall claims and on the other hand, they continue to extract oil and gas.

一方面，我們允許領導人提出高要求，另一方面，他們繼續開採石油和天然氣。

So we cannot allow that to happen.

所以我們不能允許這種情況發生。

We have to call their bluff, we have to call them out.

我們必須叫停他們的虛張聲勢，我們必須把他們叫出來。

So citizens have a particular role in holding them to account and Hodgett.

是以，公民在追究他們的責任和Hodgett方面有一個特殊的作用。

We talk a lot about developed nations taking the biggest action.

我們談了很多關於發達國家採取最大行動的問題。

What about developing actions?

發展行動呢？

Is it fair to just say, you know, you need to, to pay us to take action.

只是說，你知道，你需要，支付我們採取行動，這公平嗎？

Don't they have their own role to play?

難道他們沒有自己的角色嗎？

Absolutely.

絕對的。

Um, they also have to change their policies.

嗯，他們也必須改變他們的政策。

They have to do their best to implement and make sure that uh, the resources that are provided are helping people who are facing a crisis and also going towards green energy.

他們必須盡最大努力實施，並確保呃，所提供的資源是幫助那些面臨危機的人，也要走向綠色能源。

But let's also understand when we Talk about rich countries to pay.

但是，當我們談論富國支付時，我們也要理解。

We are talking about a global justice.

我們談論的是一個全球正義。

The crisis that we are facing right now has been caused by 150 years of greenhouse-gas emissions being put into the atmosphere.

我們現在面臨的危機是由150年來向大氣層排放的溫室氣體造成的。

So developing countries need support to make that transition and it will not only require billions but trillions of dollars report that came out just a few days ago said we will be needing 4 to $6 trillion a year to transition to a low carbon economy.

是以，開發中國家需要支持來實現這一轉變，這不僅需要數十億美元，而且需要數萬億美元，幾天前剛剛發佈的報告說，我們將需要每年4至6萬億美元來過渡到低碳經濟。

So we need to make sure that those resources are available and good governance system in developing countries must be ensured through strong society and media so that they are held to account as well and they support their citizens.

是以，我們需要確保這些資源可用，並且必須通過強大的社會和媒體來確保開發中國家的良好治理系統，這樣他們也會被追究責任，並支持他們的公民。

Okay, thank you very much for your time this morning here on BBC news.

好的，非常感謝你今天早上在BBC新聞中的時間。

Hadji is the head of global political strategy at climate action network, international.

哈吉是國際氣候行動網絡的全球政治戰略負責人。

And the reason we're speaking to him is because of what you can see on your screen at the moment.

而我們與他談話的原因是你此刻在螢幕上看到的東西。

Some of the world leaders who are attending cop 27 in Egypt that is in Sharm el Sheikh a you can see they are just gathering On the stage there for what is referred to as the family photo.

一些參加在埃及沙姆沙伊赫舉行的第27次會議的世界領導人，你可以看到他們正聚集在舞臺上，進行所謂的家庭合影。

The pressure is on really that 1.5 magic figure Is what people are talking about.

壓力真的很大，那個1.5的神奇數字就是人們所談論的。

A number of African and developing nations.

一些非洲國家和開發中國家。

I believe that is Prime Minister Mottley.

我相信這就是莫特利總理。

We have kind of dilemma of India of Zambia.

我們有一種尚比亞的印度的兩難處境。

We also have a number of Arab nations there on on the stage.

我們也有一些阿拉伯國家在舞臺上。

So this is the cop 27 climate conference kicking off in Egypt at the moment.

是以，這是目前在埃及拉開帷幕的第27屆氣候大會。

Mr Rutter there also on the stage, the family photo before some of the heavy negotiations start to take place.

魯特先生也在舞臺上，在一些重要的談判開始之前，全家福。

Boris johnson, the former UK prime Minister is also there but a lot of controversy.

英國前首相鮑里斯-約翰遜也在那裡，但有很多爭議。

A lot of discussion around the attendance of the current Prime Minister Rishi son Aku initially said that he wasn't going to attend, but now is attending that climate conference in Egypt the key of course to try and tackle the climate, the climate crisis that is facing the world, a lot of discussion over loss and damage how to release those finances?

圍繞現任總理裡西-阿庫的出席有很多討論，最初說他不打算參加，但現在參加埃及的那個氣候會議當然是嘗試解決氣候問題的關鍵，世界面臨的氣候危機，很多關於損失和損害的討論如何釋放這些資金？

I think that is Rwanda's leader there, just to the bottom.

我想那是盧旺達的領導人，就在下面。

Mr uh there we go, Mr Ramaphosa, we have Mr Ramaphosa, South Africa, we have Admin and Zimbabwe, where um also uh there, um and a number of other key players in those discussions in in Sharm el Sheikh.

拉馬福薩先生，我們有拉馬福薩先生，南非，我們有行政部門和辛巴維，那裡嗯也有嗯，嗯和其他一些在沙姆沙伊赫的討論中的關鍵角色。

Well, we've been speaking to a number of Voices here on BBC News.

好吧，我們已經在BBC新聞這裡與一些聲音進行了交談。

Sir, David King is one of them.

先生，大衛-金就是其中之一。

Now.

現在。

He served as the government's permanent special representative for climate change between 2013 and 17, he spoke to me earlier about why he believes the developed world isn't doing nearly enough at the moment.

他在2013年至17年間擔任政府的氣候變化問題常設特別代表，他早些時候向我談到了為什麼他認為發達國家目前做得還不夠。

We are way behind where we ought to be.

我們已經遠遠落後於我們應該達到的水準。

Not.

不是。

One country is doing nearly enough.

一個國家做的幾乎足夠了。

The Climate Crisis advisory group that I chair is producing four country reports on the key countries in the debate at the moment, and not one of those countries is doing nearly enough.

我所主持的氣候危機諮詢小組正在編寫四份關於目前辯論中的關鍵國家的國家報告，而這些國家中沒有一個國家做得足夠好。

So, I think the point I'm making is if we want a manageable future for humanity, which surely we do, we need to understand the nature of the crisis we're in.

是以，我認為我所提出的觀點是，如果我們希望人類有一個可管理的未來，當然我們也希望如此，我們需要了解我們所處危機的性質。

Well, we'll get to that in a moment.

好吧，我們稍後再談這個問題。

First off, I wonder if I could just go back one stage, Why are we not doing enough?

首先，我想，如果我可以回到一個階段，為什麼我們做得不夠好？

We're not doing enough for various reasons.

由於各種原因，我們做得還不夠。

One is we have failed to have since 1992 leadership from the United States and the United States is normally the country, we would all turn to for leadership on an issue like this, Why has the United States failed the world?

一個是自1992年以來，我們沒有得到美國的上司，而美國通常是我們在這樣的問題上都會求助於上司的國家，為什麼美國讓世界失望了？

The power of the fossil fuel lobby?

化石燃料遊說團體的力量？

It's as simple as that.

就這麼簡單。

We all know how powerful the lobby systems are in the US democratic system, the gun lobby and so on.

我們都知道，在美國的民主制度中，遊說系統是多麼強大，槍支遊說等等。

And the most powerful lobby of all is the fossil fuel lobby and senators and congressmen are really virtually and in reality in the pockets of these lobbies.

而最強大的遊說集團是化石燃料遊說集團，參議員和國會議員實際上是這些遊說集團的囊中之物，在現實中也是如此。

So I think we We have failed to get that sort of leadership Britain provided leadership under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

是以，我認為我們 我們沒能獲得那種領導力，英國在託尼-布萊爾和戈登-布朗的上司下提供了上司。

Very open leadership from 1997 until about 2010 and then subsequently under David Cameron and Theresa May, we continued the good work that was begun.

從1997年到2010年左右，非常開放的領導層，隨後在大衛-卡梅倫和特雷莎-梅的上司下，我們繼續開展已經開始的良好工作。

But since then we have been slipping back and we're talking now the absurdity of opening up new oil and gas wells in the North Sea absurd because this does nothing to do with the crisis in the Ukraine.

但從那時起，我們一直在往回滑，我們現在正在談論在北海開闢新的油氣井的荒謬性，因為這與烏克蘭的危機毫無關係。

It would take at least 10 years before any new oil or gas reached the marketplace and that therefore since the war in Ukraine is sure to be over by then we will be left saddled with an investment that will not produce results.

在任何新的石油或天然氣到達市場之前，至少需要10年時間，是以，由於烏克蘭的戰爭到那時肯定會結束，我們將為一項不會產生結果的投資而煩惱。

So I think what, what we see is this sudden return to looking for more coal oil and gas around the world.

所以我認為，我們看到的是這種突然迴歸，在世界各地尋找更多的煤炭石油和天然氣。

It's not just Britain.

這不僅僅是英國。

And so the day that, excuse me if, if I come across as rude, but we seem to be hearing the same thing over and over again and there doesn't seem to be any real progress, I'm afraid you're right.

是以，這一天，如果，如果我表現得很粗魯，請原諒我，但我們似乎一遍又一遍地聽到同樣的事情，似乎沒有任何真正的進展，恐怕你是對的。

You're not being rude at all.

你一點都不粗魯。

And nor is gutter as being rude.

溝渠也不是粗魯的意思。

We we Have failed to respond.

我們沒有迴應。

Just let's remember since 1992, we've been discussing at cop meetings, progress on managing this climate change disaster.

只是讓我們記住自1992年以來，我們一直在警察會議上討論管理這一氣候變化災難的進展。

Now, at first it wasn't a disaster.

現在，一開始它並不是一場災難。

And if we'd have operated quickly and got in place, everything we needed to buy 2000, we would not be in the straits we're in now.

如果我們能迅速操作，到位，購買2000年所需的一切，我們就不會陷入現在的困境。

So 2015, we finally reached an agreement in Paris and that agreement said, we must stay below 1.5° above the pre industrial level, as you were saying.

是以，2015年，我們終於在巴黎達成了一項協議，該協議說，我們必須保持在比工業化前水準高1.5°以下，正如你所說的。

But what are the chances of that today?

但今天有什麼機會呢？

Well, we're now at over 1.3 degrees centigrade above the pre industrial level.

嗯，我們現在比工業化前的水準高出1.3攝氏度。

And we're rapidly approaching the 1.5 David King speaking to me earlier regarding what needs to be done to move forward regarding the climate change crisis.

而我們正在迅速接近1.5大衛-金早些時候對我說的關於在氣候變化危機方面需要做什麼來推進。

More on this as and when it takes place, leaders currently gathering for the family photo before the heavy discussions begin in Sharm El Sheikh.

在沙姆沙伊赫開始激烈的討論之前，領導人目前正在聚集在一起拍全家福，屆時會有更多的消息。