may be the defining feature.

可能是決定性的特徵。

Simply put, Collective Illusions are situations

簡單地說，集體幻覺是一種情況

where most people in a group go along with a view

順勢而為

they don't agree with because they incorrectly believe

他們不同意，因為他們不正確地認為

that most people agree with it.

大多數人同意它。

It's not just that we're misreading a few people,

這不僅僅是我們誤讀了幾個人。

it is that the majority thinks the majority

它是指大多數人認為大多數人

believes something that they don't.

相信一些他們不相信的東西。

What's most interesting is that in all of our research,

最有趣的是，在我們所有的研究中。

one of the largest illusions of all is actually about trust itself.

最大的幻覺之一實際上是關於信任本身。

No matter how we've asked it, the vast majority of Americans

無論我們怎麼問，絕大多數的美國人

see themselves as trustworthy and value being trustworthy.

認為自己是值得信賴的，並重視自己是值得信賴的。

However, they believe most everybody else in society today

然而，他們認為今天社會上的大多數人

does not care about being trustworthy, and is not trustworthy.

不關心是否值得信任，也不值得信任。

There is no bigger illusion in society today

在今天的社會中，沒有比這更大的幻想了

than the illusion of distrust itself.

比起不信任的幻覺本身。

The biggest consequence of that is that we've

其最大的後果是，我們已經

stopped trusting each other,

不再相互信任。

which is fatal to free society.

這對自由社會是致命的。

Given the profound lack of trust in society today,

鑑於當今社會極度缺乏信任。

we often look for the cause of that in each other.

我們經常在對方身上尋找原因。

I don't believe that's true.

我不相信那是真的。

Frederick Taylor is probably the most important person

弗雷德裡克-泰勒可能是最重要的人

that most people have never heard of.

大多數人從未聽說過的。

Over 100 years ago,

100多年前。

he wrote a book called "Scientific Management,"

他寫了一本名為 "科學管理 "的書。

which- they were about his ideas about how you create

他們是關於他的想法，關於你如何創造

a productive economy.

一個生產性的經濟。

And he felt like the biggest problem in society

而他覺得社會上最大的問題是

was that we weren't very efficient.

是我們的效率並不高。

And so, "Scientific Management" literally said, 'Wait.

是以，"科學管理 "從字面上說，"等等。

The first thing you got to stop doing is trusting people.'

你必須停止做的第一件事是信任別人。

He went about implementing a systems-first approach

他開始實施系統第一的方法

to a top-down society governed by managers.

到一個由管理者管理的自上而下的社會。

In fact, he invented the term manager,

事實上，他發明了經理這個詞。

and he made us all cogs, where the system matters most.

他使我們成為系統中最重要的齒輪。

Because of the way our institutions treat us,

因為我們的機構對待我們的方式。

by removing choice from us

通過取消我們的選擇權

and fundamentally treating us as untrustworthy,

並從根本上把我們當做不值得信任的人。

we have come to see each other through that lens.

我們已經開始通過這個鏡頭來看待對方。

But here's the thing—

但事情是這樣的--

when you actually study honesty and trustworthiness,

當你真正研究誠實和守信的時候。

what you find over and over again

一次又一次的發現

is that the vast majority of people

是，絕大多數的人

are in fact trustworthy.

事實上是值得信賴的。

One of my favorite studies—

我最喜歡的研究之一--

it's a pretty famous German study. Here's what they did:

這是一項相當著名的德國研究。他們的做法是這樣的。

They literally just randomly called people

他們真的只是隨機地給人們打電話

and said that there was a contest going on,

並說有一場比賽正在進行。

and all they needed to do

而他們所需要做的是

was flip a coin themselves.

是自己投擲硬幣。

And if it landed on tails,

而如果它落在了尾巴上。

they got a gift certificate.

他們得到了一張禮品券。

If it landed on heads, they got nothing.

如果它落在頭上，他們什麼也得不到。

Now, what's important is

現在，重要的是

nobody knows how the coin lands

沒人知道硬幣是怎麼落地的

except for the person on the phone.

除了電話裡的人。

So you would have expected

所以你會想到

everybody says tails, takes the gift certificate,

每個人都說尾巴，拿著禮券。

and the aggregate results are like, well, it's 100% tails—

而總的結果是，嗯，它是100%的尾巴------。

who would have thought, right?

誰會想到呢，對嗎？

That's not what happened.

事情不是這樣的。

It was almost 50/50 heads or tails.

這幾乎是50％的頭或尾。

And in fact, it was slightly more in favor of heads,

而事實上，對人頭的支持度略高。

which tells me most people,

這告訴我大多數人。

if not all people, were telling the truth

如果不是所有的人，都在說實話

about how the coin landed

關於這枚硬幣是如何落地的

when no one else could possibly have known.

當其他人不可能知道的時候。

So it matters to us

所以這對我們很重要

not just that we are trustworthy,

不僅僅是我們是值得信賴的。

but that we are viewed that way.

但是，我們被這樣看待。

And yet we live in a society where our institutions

然而，我們生活在一個社會中，我們的機構

continue to remind us that this is not true,

繼續提醒我們，這不是真的。

that we are in some way untrustworthy.

我們在某種程度上是不值得信任的。

We can only interact with each other in one of two ways.

我們只能以兩種方式之一與對方互動。

We can trust people to make choices for themselves,

我們可以相信人們能夠為自己做出選擇。

or we can control those choices for them.

或者我們可以為他們控制這些選擇。

It is a fundamental tenet of democracy

這是民主的一個基本原則

that institutions serve people.

機構為人服務。

But ever since Frederick Taylor,

但自從弗雷德裡克-泰勒以來。

we have flipped that relationship.

我們已經翻轉了這種關係。

As a free people in a free society,

作為一個自由社會中的自由人。

it is unacceptable

這是不可以的

that our public institutions

我們的公共機構

treat the people as distrustful

視人民為不信任

because now we know that whatever efficiency

因為現在我們知道，無論什麼效率

you get from that top-down control model,

你從這種自上而下的控制模式中得到的。

the consequences in terms of human dignity

在人類尊嚴方面的後果

and social trust are so damaging

和社會信任是如此的具有破壞性

that that trade-off is not worth it.

這方面的權衡是不值得的。

What we need is to trust communities

我們需要的是信任社區

to make decisions for themselves,

為自己做決定。

trust families to make decisions for themselves,

相信家庭能夠為自己做出決定。

trust people to.

相信人們會。

If you want a trusting society,

如果你想要一個信任的社會。

work to dislodge this top-down view of our institutions

努力擺脫這種自上而下的機構觀點

and give more power to people.

並將更多的權力交給人們。

Insist that our institutions

堅持要求我們的機構

treat the public with trust.

以信任的態度對待公眾。

- This series is brought to you by Stand Together,

- 這個系列是由 "團結 "帶來的。

a community of changemakers tackling our biggest challenges.

一個由變革者組成的社區，應對我們最大的挑戰。