I'm adam.

我是阿達姆。

Welcome back to ink vid dot com.

歡迎回到ink vid dot com。

Today's lesson is for the ill students who are going to be taking the aisles test.

今天的課程是為即將參加過道測試的患病學生準備的。

It's for everybody to be honest with you.

這是為了讓大家對你誠實。

This lesson is useful for anybody who needs to do some writing, but especially for those of you who are going to take the test and because it's for the test, I'm going to start speaking in a little bit more natural speed, gonna kill two birds with one stone.

這節課對任何需要進行寫作的人都很有用，但特別是對那些要參加考試的人，因為是為了考試，我將開始用更自然的速度說話，要一石二鳥。

Get a little bit of listening, practice and some information.

獲得一點聽力、實踐和一些資訊。

Okay, so let's get started.

好的，那麼我們開始吧。

I'll academic task task one.

我將學術任務一。

What does this task ask you to do?

這項任務要求你做什麼？

It asks you to look at an infographic, what is an infographic information graphic?

它要求你看一個資訊圖表，什麼是資訊圖表的資訊圖形？

It's gonna give you a bar, a bar chart, a graph diagram, a pie chart to table all kinds of things.

它會給你一個條形，一個條形圖，一個圖形圖，一個餅狀圖來表各種東西。

It's going to ask you to take this graphic, visual with whatever information is in it, convert it into words and sentences.

它將要求你把這個圖形、視覺與其中的任何資訊，轉換成單詞和句子。

Okay, very straightforward.

好的，非常簡單明瞭。

Now, if you look on Ingrid dot com, excuse me.

現在，如果你在Ingrid dot com上查看，請原諒我。

M a colleague of mine did a very good lesson on how to score high on this task.

我的一位同事在如何在這項任務中獲得高分方面做了很好的課程。

Excuse me, watch that video.

對不起，請看那段視頻。

But this is a little bit different.

但這有一點不同。

She was talking about how to write.

她在談論如何寫作。

I'm going to tell you what to write.

我要告訴你該怎麼寫。

Okay, one of the most difficult aspects of this task is looking at this information graphic and knowing what information to pick out and include in your report.

好吧，這項任務最困難的方面之一是看這個資訊圖表，並知道要挑出哪些資訊幷包括在你的報告中。

Okay.

好的。

And that's what it is.

而這正是它的特點。

It's a report now because we're talking about a report.

現在是一個報告，因為我們正在談論一個報告。

It's very important to remember that a report is not an essay.

記住，報告不是論文，這一點非常重要。

It has very different structures that has very different requirements.

它有非常不同的結構，有非常不同的要求。

Okay, let's start, what are we going to write?

好，我們開始吧，我們要寫什麼？

They ask you to write a minimum of 150 words.

他們要求你至少寫150個字。

Your target is 170 to 190.

你的目標是170至190。

150 is just not enough and you don't want to go under because why lose points that way, aim for 1 70 to 1 90 you'll get everything you need to say.

150是遠遠不夠的，你也不想過低，因為為什麼要這樣丟分，目標是1 70到1 90，你會得到你需要說的一切。

Now let's look at the introduction.

現在我們來看看介紹。

Okay, very different from an essay.

好吧，與作文很不一樣。

Your introduction is gonna be very short 1 to 2 sentences.

你的介紹要非常簡短，1到2句話。

Once you start your third sentence, you're saying too much, you're saying more than you need to say.

一旦你開始說第三句話，你就說得太多了，你說的比你需要說的要多。

What do you have to say in the introduction?

你要在介紹中說些什麼？

What am I looking at?

我在看什麼？

That's all they want you to do in the introduction.

這就是他們希望你在介紹中所做的一切。

What am I looking at?

我在看什麼？

I'm looking at a graph.

我在看一個圖表。

I'm looking at the table.

我在看桌子。

This table shows this table demonstrates.

該表顯示該表展示了。

This diagram shows, illustrates, demonstrates.

這張圖顯示了，說明了，演示了。

You don't need that many words illustrates demonstrates, shows whatever they wrote in the task.

你不需要那麼多的文字說明，顯示出他們在任務中寫的任何東西。

Use one of the other words in your introduction.

在你的介紹中使用其他的一個詞。

Okay, basically that's what you're doing.

好吧，基本上這就是你正在做的事情。

You're rephrasing the task, they tell you what you're looking at.

你在重新表述任務，他們告訴你你在看什麼。

They say look at the following graph about this and that and summarize what it says.

他們說，請看以下關於這個和那個的圖表，並總結一下它的內容。

Okay, this graph shows blah, blah blah.

好吧，這張圖顯示了胡說八道，胡說八道。

Okay, now I this is a very common mistake people make in your introduction in your entire report for task one, there should never be the word I there should never be the word me or we.

好的，現在我這是一個非常常見的錯誤，在你的介紹中，在你整個任務一的報告中，永遠不應該有我這個詞，不應該有我或我們這個詞。

This is not about you.

這不是關於你。

This is about the infographic only now because it's not about you, there is absolutely no opinion.

這只是關於現在的資訊圖，因為它不是關於你，絕對沒有意見。

You will not reach any conclusions.

你不會得出任何結論。

You will not make an analysis.

你不會做出分析。

You will not try to understand what's going on.

你不會試圖去了解發生了什麼事。

You will not make any inference.

你不會做任何推斷。

You will not take this information to understand other information.

你不會拿這些資訊去理解其他資訊。

You will not make any predictions.

你不會做任何預測。

Oh what's going to happen after this information is explained.

哦，解釋完這些資訊後會發生什麼。

You're not going to explain anything.

你不打算解釋什麼。

All you're going to do is show me what is in the infographic?

你要做的就是讓我看看資訊圖裡有什麼？

Right.

對。

Are you going to give me an explanation?

你要給我一個解釋嗎？

Are you gonna give me the meaning of what you're looking at?

你要告訴我你所看的東西的含義嗎？

No, you're not.

不，你不是。

You are only going to give me facts.

你只能給我事實。

Okay I'm the greater.

好吧，我是更大的。

For example, I'm grading your task one your report.

例如，我在給你的任務一你的報告打分。

I don't care if you understand what you're looking at.

我不在乎你是否明白你在看什麼。

All I care is that can you take this information and explain it to me in good english?

我所關心的是，你能不能把這些資訊用良好的英語解釋給我聽？

This is an english test.

這是個英語測試。

Not an intelligence test.

不是智力測試。

It doesn't matter if you understand it or not.

你是否理解它並不重要。

Can you convert to the infographic into words and sentences?

你能把資訊圖轉換成單詞和句子嗎？

That's it.

就這樣了。

Now having said that.

現在說了這些。

Keep your introduction.

保持你的介紹。

In fact keep your whole report.

事實上，保留你的整個報告。

But especially the introduction, very simple, very straightforward.

但特別是介紹，非常簡單，非常直截了當。

You don't need fancy language, you don't need very high end vocabulary, you just need to have different vocabulary, You need to have good sentence structures and give me the information that you see.

你不需要華麗的語言，你不需要非常高端的詞彙，你只需要有不同的詞彙，你需要有良好的句子結構，給我你看到的資訊。

Now before I look at the body of the report, I want to actually look at the conclusion.

現在，在我看報告的正文之前，我想實際看看報告的結論。

Okay, you're gonna have your introduction, you're gonna have your body.

好吧，你會有你的介紹，你會有你的身體。

What about the conclusion?

結論是什麼？

Now?

現在？

This is a bit of a trick question.

這是個有點棘手的問題。

Do you see all these things I wrote about the conclusion?

你看到我寫的所有這些關於結論的東西了嗎？

That's what you're going to give me nothing.

這就是你要給我的東西，什麼都沒有。

There is no conclusion in task one because you're not reaching any conclusions, you're not explaining anything.

任務一中沒有結論，因為你沒有得出任何結論，你沒有解釋任何東西。

All you're doing is giving me information.

你所做的只是給我提供資訊。

You have an introduction paragraph very short one or two sentences.

你有一個非常短的一兩句話的介紹段。

You have one or two body paragraphs.

你有一個或兩個主體段落。

That's it.

就這樣了。

Okay, don't try to get too fancy, don't try to show off your intelligence, that's not what they're looking for, english test, remember that.

好的，不要試圖太花哨，不要試圖炫耀你的智慧，那不是他們要找的，英語測試，記住這一點。

Okay, now obviously the most important part, what do I put in the body?

好了，現在顯然是最重要的部分，我在身體裡放什麼？

Let's look at that.

我們來看看這個。

Okay, we're gonna look at two things when we're looking at your report, body first, we're gonna look at some things that you can look for, Some things to pick out, some information to include in your report and after that we'll look at how to split up your two paragraphs or one paragraph, depending on the situation.

好的，我們在看你的報告時要看兩件事，正文第一，我們要看一些你可以尋找的東西，一些要挑選的東西，一些要包括在你的報告中的資訊，之後我們要看如何把你的兩段或一段分開，這取決於情況。

So what are some things to look for in your report.

那麼，在你的報告中，有哪些事情需要注意。

Let's say you're looking at graphs.

比方說，你在看圖表。

Okay, so first thing always pay attention to your axes, your x y axis, what is the information here?

好的，所以第一件事總是注意你的軸，你的X Y軸，這裡的資訊是什麼？

What is the information here?

這裡的資訊是什麼？

What is going up here?

這裡發生了什麼事？

What is going up here with that in mind?

考慮到這一點，這裡要做的是什麼？

What are their ranges?

它們的範圍是什麼？

Let's say you're talking about time, you're talking about 1960-2010.

比方說，你說的是時間，你說的是1960-2010年。

You have a 50 year range, make sure you mention that range if it's going all the way across, if it's a short range mentioned that, But what about that range?

你有一個50年的範圍，確保你提到這個範圍，如果它是一路走過去的，如果它是一個短的範圍，提到這個，但是這個範圍呢？

What are you mentioning within that range?

你在這個範圍內提到的是什麼？

All kinds of things, peaks and valleys.

各種各樣的事情，高峰和谷底。

So again, let's go like this, This is a peak, this is a valley.

所以，我們再一次這樣，這是一個高峰，這是一個谷底。

Another way to look at, it is highs and lows.

另一種看法是，它是高點和低點。

If a graph is moving up and down, pay attention to the peaks, pay attention to the valleys.

如果一個圖表是上下移動的，請注意高峰，注意谷底。

If it's very steady peaks and valleys.

如果是非常穩定的波峰和波谷。

No problem, you can mention the stability aspect of it.

沒問題，你可以提一下它的穩定性方面。

Okay, now, here, I also mentioned plateaus, you're going up up up up, up up and flat up up up up up flat, this is a plateau means where things flatten out and stay stable.

好了，現在，在這裡，我也提到了高原，你在往上走，往上走，往上走，往上走平，這就是高原的意思，事情平緩下來，保持穩定。

Don't change too much on this axis.

在這個軸上不要改變太多。

Okay, on this axis, everything continues forward.

好了，在這個軸上，一切都繼續向前。

This is usually time or number of increase in sales percentage, for example, it could be many things, this is any variable that can be, this is the range within which you measure things usually.

這通常是時間或銷售百分比的增加數，例如，它可以是許多東西，這是任何可以的變量，這是你通常衡量事物的範圍。

Okay, peaks, valleys, highs and lows.

好吧，高峰、谷底、高點和低點。

Now you're also looking for patterns how things are the same.

現在你也在尋找模式，事情怎麼會是這樣的。

Like if you're comparing two or three things or five things or six things, what are the patterns?

比如說，如果你對兩件或三件事或五件或六件事進行比較，有什麼規律？

What are they all doing?

他們都在做什麼？

The same?

一樣嗎？

Trends is another way all of them are trending up.

趨勢是另一種方式，所有的人都有上升的趨勢。

All of them are trending down.

所有這些都有下降的趨勢。

Some are trending up, Some are trending down.

有的呈上升趨勢，有的呈下降趨勢。

You're gonna be comparing and contrasting, but you keep these very general okay.

你要進行比較和對比，但你要保持這些非常一般的好嗎。

If you're comparing five things and you find four of them share a pattern, don't talk about each of them individually.

如果你在比較五件事情，發現其中四件有一個共同的模式，就不要單獨談論每一件事情。

Put all four into one lump group.

把這四個人都放到一個組裡。

These four countries from the west are all increasing their military spending?

西方的這四個國家都在增加軍費開支？

The one country in the south is decreasing.

南方的一個國家正在減少。

Okay, so the trends lump them together, then you look for the anomalies.

好的，所以趨勢是把它們放在一起，然後你尋找異常情況。

Now, what is an anomaly?

現在，什麼是反常現象？

It's something out of the ordinary.

這是不尋常的事情。

If you have a pattern, everybody's going up up up, but one is going down that one is the anomaly.

如果你有一個模式，每個人都在漲漲漲，但有一個人在跌跌跌，這個人就是反常的。

It is outside the pattern.

這是在模式之外。

Outside the trend.

趨勢之外。

Exception is another way to say anomaly.

例外是另一種說法，即反常現象。

Something that goes against the trend here, you will get a little bit more detailed and give me specific numbers or whatever the variables are to talk about how it is the exception.

這裡有一些違背趨勢的東西，你會變得更詳細一點，給我具體的數字或任何變量來談論它是如何的例外。

What is the exception?

什麼是例外？

What is the change of direction?

什麼是方向的改變？

What is the pattern that it the thing or the person or the place itself is following.

這個東西或這個人或這個地方本身所遵循的模式是什麼。

Now, if you have tables, tables have columns and rows.

現在，如果你有表，表有列和行。

Pay attention to the headings in the columns and the rows, they're gonna tell you a lot of information.

注意各欄和各行的標題，它們會告訴你很多資訊。

You might want to include that.

你可能想包括這一點。

You could just put that into your introduction if it's a very general thing, if it's very important to what's going on, you put that into your body as well.

如果是很一般的東西，你可以直接把它放到你的介紹裡，如果它對發生的事情非常重要，你也把它放到你的身體裡。

Now, if you're looking at a diagram, excuse me.

現在，如果你在看一張圖，請原諒我。

A Diagram usually shows a process or a cycle of the life cycle of an ant or a moth.

圖表通常顯示螞蟻或飛蛾的生命週期的一個過程或一個週期。

Okay, what you want to do is you want to identify the start of the cycle or the process.

好吧，你要做的是你要確定週期或過程的開始。

You want to identify the finish or the end of the process and you want major steps along the way.

你要確定過程的終點或結束，你要沿途的主要步驟。

You don't need to tell me every little bit of detail.

你不需要告訴我每一個小細節。

Remember it's 170 words.

記住是170個字。

There's only so much you can say.

你能說的只有這麼多。

Don't try to include everything.

不要試圖包括一切。

Major steps, milestones.

主要步驟，里程碑。

What is a milestone?

什麼是里程碑？

A milestone is when something reaches a specific point in a process.

里程碑是指某一事物在某一過程中達到一個特定的點。

So a moth, for example, the mother moth or the adult moth lays eggs.

所以一隻蛾子，比如說，母蛾或成蛾會產卵。

That's one milestone the eggs hatch into larva.

這是雞蛋孵化成幼蟲的一個里程碑。

That's another milestone.

這是另一個里程碑。

Six weeks pass by.

六個星期過去了。

They eat the leaves, blah blah blah.

他們吃葉子，等等等等。

Little details not so important.

小細節不那麼重要。

Next step, the larva start building their cocoon around themselves.

下一步，幼蟲開始在自己周圍結繭。

That's a milestone.

這是一個里程碑。

Time goes by.

時間流逝。

They get fed this and that the other and the next milestone, the cocoon opens the wings come out.

他們被餵了這個，又被餵了那個，下一個里程碑，繭子打開了，翅膀出來了。

These are the steps you want to make, you don't want every little detail major steps and milestones.

這些是你想要的步驟，你不希望每個小細節都是主要步驟和里程碑。

Now, when you're comparing things, you always look for the similarities and you always look for the differences.

現在，當你比較事物時，你總是尋找相似之處，你總是尋找差異。

You are going to spend more words on the differences than you are on the similarities because the similarities, you could say all of them do this.

你要在差異上花更多的字，而不是在相似之處上，因為相似之處，你可以說所有的人都這樣做。

One of them does this, this and that and that specific order in this specific time, the differences are more detailed.

其中一個人在這個特定的時間裡做這個，做那個，做那個特定的順序，差別比較大，比較詳細。

The similarities are more general.

相似之處更普遍。

Same as patterns and anomalies.

與模式和異常情況一樣。

It's the same idea.

這是同樣的想法。

Okay, so these are all the things you're gonna be looking for.

好的，所以這些都是你要尋找的東西。

Again, you don't need everything.

同樣，你不需要一切。

You don't want to tell me what every piece of the puzzle is doing?

你不想告訴我每一塊拼圖的作用是什麼？

So let's say you're comparing five different countries here.

是以，讓我們說你在這裡比較五個不同的國家。

You don't wanna tell me this country did this, this country did that, this country did this, this country did that.

你不會想告訴我這個國家做了這個，這個國家做了那個，這個國家做了這個，這個國家做了那個。

This country that no A you don't have time be.

這個國家，沒有A你沒有時間是。

You don't have space in terms of words and see it's not important.

你沒有字數方面的空間，看到這一點並不重要。

Okay, you want to tell me a B and C are doing this way.

好吧，你想告訴我一個B和C是這樣做的。

D.

D.

Is going the opposite way.

正在走相反的路。

That's what you want to tell me.

這就是你想告訴我的。

Okay, so that's all the information you're going to look for.

好了，這就是你要找的所有資訊。

Now, how do you split up your paragraphs?

現在，你是如何分割你的段落的？

Let's look at that.

我們來看看這個。

Okay, so now we have to think about how to split up our report.

好的，所以現在我們必須考慮如何分割我們的報告。

One of the problems people have, is they don't know when to switch to a new paragraph.

人們有一個問題，就是他們不知道什麼時候切換到一個新的段落。

Right?

對嗎？

So again, there's no rule.

所以還是那句話，沒有規則。

You have to feel it out when you're doing it.

你在做的時候必須感覺到它。

But here's a suggestion.

但這裡有一個建議。

If you're only looking at one chart or one graph or one pie chart table, etcetera, you can split it in two ways.

如果你只看一個圖表或一個圖形或一個餅狀圖的表格，等等，你可以用兩種方式分割。

One in the first paragraph.

第一段中的一個。

Look at all the trends, all the patterns, all the things that are basically similar in the second paragraph.

看看所有的趨勢，所有的模式，所有在第二段中基本相似的東西。

Focus on the major differences, the anomalies and exceptions.

重點關注主要的差異、異常和例外情況。

Okay, that's the easiest way to split it.

好吧，這是最簡單的分割方式。

Another way is in your first paragraph.

另一種方式是在你的第一段。

Again, even in the table, you're gonna have two or three things in a graph, you're gonna have two or three different things in different variables, etcetera.