subjective experiences that many people have

許多人的主觀體驗

when they come close to death

當他們接近死亡的時候

or sometimes when they are, in fact, pronounced dead.

或者有時在他們事實上被宣佈死亡的時候。

And they include such difficult to explain phenomena as:

而且它們包括諸如難以解釋的現象。

a sense of leaving the physical body,

一種離開肉體的感覺。

reviewing one's entire life,

回顧自己的一生。

encountering some other entities

遇到一些其他實體

that aren't physically present that they sometimes interpret

他們有時會把那些沒有實際存在的人解釋為

as deities or deceased loved ones.

作為神靈或已故的親人。

And at some point coming to a point of no return

在某些時候，來到了一個不歸點

beyond which they can't continue

超過這個範圍，他們就無法繼續

and still come back to life.

而且還能活過來。

It's natural for people to think that

人們很自然地認為

near-death experiences are kind of like dreams

瀕死體驗有點像夢境

or hallucinations.

或產生幻覺。

No two people have the same type of hallucination.

沒有兩個人有相同類型的幻覺。

Whereas near-death experiences are basically the same

而瀕死體驗基本上是一樣的

across people, across cultures, across centuries.

跨人、跨文化、跨世紀。

I think if you look at what things

我認為，如果你看一下什麼事情

typically cause hallucinations-

通常會引起幻覺-

metabolic changes, drugs,

新陳代謝變化，藥物。

changes in oxygen level, brain injury,

氧含量的變化，腦損傷。

those things produce certain known effects:

這些東西產生某些已知的效果。

confusion, agitation, belligerence.

混亂、躁動、好戰。

They're very different from the typical

他們與典型的

calm, peaceful, consistent content

平靜、和平、一致的內容

of a near-death experience.

瀕臨死亡的經歷。

We've looked at specific things that may cause

我們已經研究了可能導致以下情況的具體事項

a hallucination.

一個幻覺。

It was thought that maybe lack of oxygen to the brain

有人認為，也許是大腦缺氧

would have a role in near-death experiences,

會對瀕死體驗產生作用。

since no matter how you come close to death,

因為無論你如何接近死亡。

lack of oxygen to the brain is one of

大腦缺氧是其中一個

the final, common pathways.

最後，共同的途徑。

But those who report near-death experiences

但那些報告瀕臨死亡經歷的人

actually have better oxygen flow to the brain

實際上有更好的氧氣流向大腦

than people who don't report NDEs.

比不報告無神論的人更多。

Likewise, we thought drugs given to people

同樣地，我們認為給人們提供的藥物

as they approach death may be causing these experiences.

當他們接近死亡時，可能會引起這些體驗。

And what we find again is that

而我們再次發現的是，

the more drugs people are given as they approach death,

當人們接近死亡時，被給予的藥物就越多。

the less likely they are to report a near-death experience.

他們報告瀕死體驗的可能性就越小。

So drugs and lack of oxygen are not causing NDEs.

所以藥物和缺氧並不造成無意識死亡。

They may in fact, repress having an NDE.

事實上，他們可能會壓抑自己有無神論。

You can look on a dream as just a random series of visions;

你可以把夢看成是一系列隨機的幻覺。

a way of processing problems in your life,

處理你生活中的問題的一種方式。

and finding solutions.

並找到解決方案。

There are phenomenological differences,

存在著現象學上的差異。

differences in the content between dreams

夢境內容的差異

and near-death experiences.

和瀕臨死亡的經歷。

Near-death experiences often have accurate

瀕臨死亡的經歷往往有準確的

out of body perceptions,

身體外的感知。

whereas dreams and hallucinations do not.

而夢和幻覺則沒有。

And that to me is probably one of the best ways

對我來說，這可能是最好的方法之一

of distinguishing between a dream

夢的區別

and a near-death experience.

和一次瀕臨死亡的經歷。

Is there any connection between dreams

夢想之間是否有任何聯繫

and near-death experiences?

和瀕臨死亡的經歷？

The fact that both of those are processed

事實上，這兩種情況都是經過處理的

by our brains ultimately

最終由我們的大腦

says that there's got to be some similarities

說，一定有一些相似之處

in how we describe them, how we understand them,

在我們如何描述它們，如何理解它們。

how we relate them to other people.

我們如何將它們與其他人聯繫起來。

Many near-death experiencers report things

許多瀕臨死亡的體驗者報告了一些事情

that other people can't verify right away.

而其他人無法立即核實。

So we assume that they were just imagination or fantasy,

所以我們假設它們只是想象或幻想。

and yet they insist, "It's real.

而他們卻堅持說："這是真的。

It's happened to me.

這事發生在我身上。

I know it."

我知道這一點。"

Philosopher Abraham Kaplan talks about

哲學家亞伯拉罕-卡普蘭談到了

the story of a traveler who went to a distant land,

一個前往遠方的旅行者的故事。

and came back with a fantastic story about a beast

並帶著一個關於野獸的奇妙故事回來了

who can travel for days and days and days without water.

誰能在沒有水的情況下旅行好幾天，好幾天，好幾天。

And he tells this to his people in his town

他把這個消息告訴了他鎮上的人

and they get together and say

和他們聚在一起，說

"We don't know if this can be real,

"我們不知道這能不能是真的。

but we're gonna get the wise men together and have a meeting

但我們要把聰明人召集起來，開個會

and decide whether this beast can exist or not."

並決定這隻野獸是否可以存在。"

And the traveler says, "What do you mean can exist?

而旅行者說："你說能存在是什麼意思？

I saw it."

我看到了。"

So it's like, if you were hit by a truck,

所以這就像，如果你被一輛卡車撞了。

and someone says you just imagined it.

而有人說你只是想象出來的。

You know whether you're hit by a truck or not.

你知道你是否被卡車撞了。

There's no doubt in your mind.

在你的腦海中沒有任何疑問。

And that's the way near-death experiencers relate

而這就是瀕死體驗者的關係方式

to their NDE.

到他們的NDE。

They feel like, 'There's no doubt in my mind,

他們覺得，"我心中沒有任何疑問。

this is a real experience I had.

這是我的一個真實經歷。

More real than this world is.'

比這個世界更真實'。