Ouch!

哎喲!

"Slap a choking person on the back."

"拍打窒息者的背部"。

Yeah, not really working.

是的，沒有真正發揮作用。

"After getting stabbed,

"被刺傷後。

take out the sharp object from the body."

從屍體上取出尖銳的物體。"

This is from movies.

這是來自電影。

This is stupid. Don't do this.

這很愚蠢。不要這樣做。

Hi, my name is Randy Li.

你好，我叫李蘭迪。

I'm a paramedic here in New York City,

我是紐約市的一名護理人員。

and I've been working EMS for 11 years.

而且我已經在EMS工作了11年。

Hi, my name is Lorena Concepcion-Martinez.

嗨，我的名字是羅蕾娜-康塞普西翁-馬丁內斯。

I am a paramedic here in New York City also,

我在紐約市也是一名輔助醫務人員。

with Randy, for the past 19 years.

與蘭迪，在過去的19年裡。

And today we'll be debunking myths about first aid.

而今天，我們將揭開關於急救的迷思。

Concepcion-Martinez: Ready? Li: Let's go.

康塞普西恩-馬丁內斯。準備好了嗎？李：我們走吧。

"If someone gets a concussion, keep them awake."

"如果有人得了腦震盪，讓他們保持清醒。"

This is a old wives' tale.

這是一個老太太的故事。

They associated someone having a concussion

他們把某人的腦震盪聯繫起來

and going into a coma and not being able to wake up.

並進入昏迷狀態，無法醒來。

So that's why they used to say to keep everybody awake.

所以這就是為什麼他們常說要讓大家保持清醒。

Now, we have figured out that

現在，我們已經弄清楚了

the sleeping does not cause the coma.

睡眠並不導致昏迷。

When someone has a concussion,

當有人出現腦震盪時。

it is considered a type of TBI, traumatic brain injury.

它被認為是TBI的一種類型，即創傷性腦損傷。

You do want to monitor them, though.

不過，你確實想監督他們。

You want to make sure there's no deficit, no changes.

你要確保沒有虧損，沒有變化。

So things you're going to be looking out for would be

是以，你要注意的事情將是

slurred speech, vomiting, unsteady gait,

言語不清，嘔吐，步態不穩。

which means you're, like, wobbly when you walk.

這意味著你，比如，走路時搖搖晃晃的。

A little dizzy.

有點頭暈。

Yeah. You don't want any of that.

是的。你不想要這些。

So if you think that's a problem

是以，如果你認為這是個問題

and it's not self-resolving,

而且它不能自我解決。

then, yeah, take them to the hospital.

那麼，是的，帶他們去醫院。

Let them do a CAT scan, let them make sure

讓他們做CAT掃描，讓他們確保

that the patient's not having

病人沒有

an internal bleed in their brain.

他們的大腦有內出血。

"You should put something into the mouth

"你應該把東西放進嘴裡

of someone having a seizure."

的人有癲癇發作。"

Negative.

負面的。

This is a major no-no.

這是一個大忌。

This is another old wives' tale

這是另一個老太太的故事

of people thinking that the patient having the seizure

的人認為有癲癇發作的病人

was going to swallow their tongue.

要吞下他們的舌頭。

It's more muscle spasms and clenching of the jaw.

它更多的是肌肉痙攣和下巴緊縮。

So you don't really have to worry about the patient

所以你真的不必擔心病人的問題

swallowing the tongue or anything along those lines.

吞下舌頭或任何類似的東西。

That whole time you were talking,

在你說話的整個過程中。

I tried to swallow my tongue. I couldn't do it.

我試圖吞下我的舌頭。我做不到。

So it's not true.

所以這不是真的。

When someone's having a seizure,

當有人癲癇發作的時候。

they're having these fasciculations,

他們有這些痙攣。

this tightening of the muscles.

這種肌肉的緊縮。

What'll happen is they'll clench their jaw.

會發生的情況是他們會咬緊下巴。

And if you put something in their mouth,

而如果你把東西放進他們的嘴裡。

they'll break their teeth, they'll break their jaw.

他們會打破他們的牙齒，他們會打破他們的下巴。

Bite your finger off.

咬掉你的手指。

Yeah, don't do it.

是的，不要這樣做。

You also want to let the seizure pass.

你還想讓癲癇發作過去。

You want to make sure once they've stopped,

你要確保一旦他們停下來。

you can roll them on their side

你可以把它們卷在側面

and just kind of be supportive

而且只是一種支持性的支持

until EMS arrives to help.

直到急救中心趕來幫忙。

Most seizures will resolve themselves

大多數癲癇發作會自行解決

after, say, 30 seconds to a minute.

例如，在30秒到1分鐘之後。

But if you have something called status epilepticus --

但如果你有一種叫做癲癇狀態的東西 --

The patient will end up having continuous seizures,

病人最終會出現連續的癲癇發作。

which will affect their breathing.

這將影響他們的呼吸。

That point is where you need that advanced medical care,

這一點是你需要高級醫療護理的地方。

advanced life support,

高級生命支持。

paramedics like Randy and I,

像蘭迪和我這樣的護理人員。

to come in and give medications

進來給藥

to actually try to subside the seizures

實際上是為了減輕癲癇發作的影響

and transport the patient to the hospital

並將病人送往醫院

as quickly as possible.

儘可能快。

"Slap a choking person on the back."

"拍打窒息者的背部"。

This myth does come from how you treat

這個神話確實來自於你如何對待

an infant or a child that is choking,

窒息的嬰兒或兒童。

because we do backslaps, as we call them,

因為我們做背摔，我們稱之為背摔。

in an infant or a child.

在一個嬰兒或兒童身上。

But an adult, you want to emphasize the Heimlich maneuver.

但對於成年人來說，你要強調海姆立克急救法。

Wait, hold on. I have a thing for this.

等等，等一下。我對這個有興趣。

So, imagine this guy's choking.

所以，想象一下這傢伙的窒息。

We're gonna try the backslap thing.

我們要試試拍背的方法。

Yeah, not really working.

是的，沒有真正發揮作用。

If you come across a person choking,

如果你遇到一個人窒息。

try to encourage them to keep coughing.

試著鼓勵他們繼續咳嗽。

So, Randy here is going to show you

是以，蘭迪在這裡將向你展示

the universal choking sign, which is?

普遍的窒息徵兆，是什麼？

But you wouldn't be smiling, clearly.

但你不會笑的，很明顯。

But, you know, they'd be like this.

但是，你知道，他們會像這樣。

That's the universal choking sign.

這是通用的窒息信號。

Do not -- I stress, do not -- give them anything to drink.

不要--我強調，不要--給他們任何飲料。

You want them to keep coughing until they clear that airway.

你希望他們繼續咳嗽，直到他們清理出氣道。

And if it becomes completely obstructed

而如果它變得完全阻塞了

that they can't get any air movement,

他們無法獲得任何空氣流動。

they can't speak, and they start turning blue,

他們不能說話，並開始變藍。

it's time for the Heimlich and definitely 911.

是時候進行海姆利希氏療法了，而且一定要打911。

Li: Depending on who you follow,

李：這取決於你關注誰。

the protocol for treating choking is a little bit different.

治療窒息的方案有一點不同。

The American Red Cross recommends five back blows

美國紅十字會建議進行五次背部打擊

followed by five abdominal thrusts and repeat.

然後是五次腹部推舉，重複。

But Lorena and I follow

但羅蕾娜和我跟隨

the American Heart Association protocols,

美國心臟協會的協議。

so we go straight to the abdominal thrusts.

所以我們直接進行腹部推舉。

When you're doing the abdominal thrust,

當你在做腹部推舉的時候。

like the old name of the Heimlich maneuver,

就像舊時的海姆利希手法一樣。

you're going to make a fist.

你要握緊拳頭。

So this goes right to the navel, just slightly above.

是以，這就到了肚臍，只是略高於肚臍。

You're going to do a pulling-up motion, like a J.

你要做一個拉起的動作，就像一個J。

And you're going to squeeze with a lot of force.

而且你要用很大的力氣去擠壓。

So, unlike the movies and stuff,

所以，與電影和其他東西不同。

this actually takes a lot of effort.

這實際上需要很大的努力。

You can't just do it in one shot.

你不可能一蹴而就。

You're going to be really tired doing this,

你這樣做會很累的。

and it's probably going to hurt the person as well,

而這可能也會傷害到這個人。

but it's better than them choking to death.

但這總比他們窒息而死要好。

Oh, God. [pants]

哦，上帝。[褲子]

There you go.

你去吧。

When you do this,

當你這樣做的時候。

please make sure to keep your head to the side.

請務必將頭側向一邊。

'Cause if not,

因為如果沒有的話。

the patient will bang you on your nose,

病人會敲打你的鼻子。

and you might end up with a bloody nose.

而你可能會以鼻子流血而告終。

Boom.

轟轟烈烈。

"Always suck the venom out of a snakebite."

"一定要把被蛇咬的毒液吸出來。"

I'm sorry. [laughs]

我很抱歉。[笑]

I don't know how to answer this properly.

我不知道如何正確回答這個問題。

It's ill-advised to ever have a answer in our life

在我們的生活中，有一個答案是不明智的。

where sucking something out is, like, your go-to thing.

在那裡，吸出一些東西是，就像，你去的事情。

If you drop food coloring into a cup of water,

如果你把食用色素滴入一杯水中。

it's very difficult to get it back together.

要把它恢復起來是非常困難的。

It's impossible to get it all out.

不可能把它全部弄出來。

So the same applies for venom on a snakebite.

是以，毒液也適用於被蛇咬傷的人。

Once it's in, it's in the bloodstream,

一旦進入，它就會進入血液。

it's going to circulate.

它將會流傳。

So it's really not going to do much.

所以它真的不會有什麼作用。

The other thing is,

另一件事是。

stay away from putting any kind of tourniquet.

遠離任何形式的止血帶。

It's going to create more damage

這將造成更大的損害

than what it's going to help.

比它要幫助的東西。

If someone's going to be bit by a venomous snake,

如果有人要被毒蛇咬傷。

sucking on the wound,

吮吸著傷口。

you're going to get such a minimal amount out

你將會得到這樣一個最小的數額。

that it's not going to do anything.

它不會做任何事情。

And then you leave them exposed to infection,

然後你讓他們暴露在感染之下。

because your mouth is probably dirty.

因為你的嘴可能很髒。

Concepcion-Martinez: If you encounter someone who's had

康塞普西翁-馬丁內斯：如果你遇到一個有

a venomous -- key word, venomous -- snake bite,

被毒蛇 -- 關鍵字，毒蛇 -- 咬傷。

you definitely want to call 911 as soon as possible

你肯定想盡快撥打911

and get that patient to the hospital.

並將該病人送到醫院。

You want to go to a venom center or a bite center.

你想去毒液中心或咬傷中心。

And it's particularly a hospital

而且它尤其是一家醫院

that has all kinds of antivenoms,

有各種抗蛇毒的藥物。

antidotes for this kind of incident.

這類事件的解毒劑。

"CPR requires mouth-to-mouth."

"心肺復甦需要口對口"。

CPR does not require mouth-to-mouth.

心肺復甦術不需要口對口。

There are procedures of just doing chest compressions

有一些只是做胸外按壓的程序

that allow you to make sure

這使你能夠確保

that blood's circulating through the whole body

血液在整個身體裡循環

to get oxygenated blood to the brain.

以使含氧的血液進入大腦。

That's the goal.

這就是我們的目標。

It buys you time for us, paramedics, to show up.

這為你爭取了時間，讓我們這些護理人員出現。

A couple years back, CPR was required mouth-to-mouth.

幾年前，心肺復甦是需要口對口的。

But do you really want to put your mouth

但你真的想把你的嘴

on a total, complete stranger?

在一個完全陌生的人身上？

The American Heart Association

美國心臟協會

and everyone else who teaches CPR

以及其他所有教授心肺復甦術的人

have been doing a strong emphasis on hands only.

一直在大力強調只用手。

It eliminates the transmissions

它消除了傳輸

of any communicable diseases

患有任何傳染性疾病

or anything along those lines.

或任何類似的東西。

To do CPR properly,

要正確地做心肺復甦。

you're going to want to expose the chest down,

你要想把胸部暴露在下面。

so you have access to the bare chest.

所以你可以接觸到裸露的胸部。

Palm of your hand, center of the chest,

手掌，胸部中央。

you're going to wrap your fingers around each other.

你要把你的手指繞到對方身上。

And then you're just going to push straight down.

然後你就直接往下推。

For an adult, it's about 2 inches or so,

對於一個成年人來說，大約是2英寸左右。

but basically, just going to keep that going on

但基本上，只是要繼續保持這種情況。

for 100 beats per minute.

為每分鐘100次。

There is a song that we utilize all the time.

有一首歌，我們一直在利用。

Historically, we use "Stayin' Alive."

歷史上，我們使用 "Stayin'活著"。

Ah, ah, ah, ah, stayin' alive, stayin' alive.

啊，啊，啊，啊，保持活力，保持活力。

So, when you're doing CPR,

所以，當你在做心肺復甦時

the main thing you want to just maintain

你要保持的主要事情就是

is that those compressions are going to be consistent.

是，這些壓力將是一致的。

Anytime you stop, that threshold goes down.

任何時候你停下來，這個閾值就會下降。

It causes a huge amount of detriments to the body.

它對身體造成了大量的損害。

You got to start doing it immediately.

你必須立即開始做。

You got, like, six minutes before you have

在你有六分鐘的時間之前，你有

irreversible damage to the brain.

對大腦造成不可逆的損害。

So start CPR quick.

所以要迅速開始心肺復甦。

Give them a good shot.

給他們一個好的機會。

"After getting stabbed,

"被刺傷後。

take out the sharp object from the body."

從屍體上取出尖銳的物體。"

This is from movies.

這是來自電影。

This is stupid. Don't do this.

這很愚蠢。不要這樣做。

Do not remove it.

不要把它移走。

You will cause a lot more tissue damage

你會造成更多的組織損傷

and cause a lot more bleeding.

並導致更多的出血。

So, please,

所以，請。

I stress this,

我強調這一點。

please do not remove it.

請不要刪除它。

Leave it in place.

把它留在原地。

Li: You should stabilize it,

李：你應該把它穩定下來。

so it doesn't go wiggling around inside,

所以它不會在裡面晃來晃去。

because any kind of movement to the foreign object --

因為對異物的任何形式的移動 --

Will create more damage.

會造成更多的損害。

It's great in movies though. It's hysterical.

但在電影中，這很好。它是歇斯底里的。

Drama effect.

戲劇效果。

It's just like ... [makes sound effect]

這就像...[發出聲音效果]

[grunts]

[咕嚕聲]

Li: Why? Concepcion-Martinez: No.

李：為什麼？康塞普西翁-馬丁內斯：不。

I don't get it.

我不明白。

"You have to be medically trained to use a defibrillator."

"你必須經過醫學培訓才能使用除顫器。"

It'll make you feel more confident, but you really don't.

這將使你感到更有信心，但你真的不知道。

What you see out there, they're not actually

你在外面看到的東西，它們實際上並不是

defibrillators like you see in the movies,

像你在電影中看到的除顫器。

paddles and all that craziness, they don't do that.

槳和所有這些瘋狂的事情，他們不這樣做。

Well, let's show them.

好吧，讓我們給他們看看。

OK.

好的。

So, this is an AED.

是以，這是一臺AED。

This is an automatic external defibrillator.

這是一個自動體外除顫器。

A defibrillator basically shocks the heart.

除顫器基本上是對心臟進行電擊。

All municipal buildings have these in every location.

所有的市政建築在每個地方都有這些東西。

So the best thing about defibrillators is that

是以，除顫器的最大好處是

anyone can use them.

任何人都可以使用它們。

All you have to do is open it up

你所要做的就是把它打開

and press the power button,

並按下電源鍵。

and it will literally tell you,

而且它將從字面上告訴你。

step by step, what needs to be done.

一步一步地，需要做什麼。

Open it up.

把它打開。

[AED beeps]

[AED發出嗶嗶聲]

AED: Adult mode. Remove all clothing from patient's chest.

AED。成人模式。從病人的胸部脫去所有的衣服。

Can you pull the red handle?

你能拉動紅色的手柄嗎？

Sure.

當然。

AED: Look at pictures on pads.

AED。看墊子上的圖片。

Li: There are photos to show you exactly

李：有照片可以確切地告訴你

where you're supposed to put these things on.

你應該把這些東西放在哪裡。

Concepcion-Martinez: You want to use this

Concepcion-Martinez: 你想用這個

as quickly as possible

儘快

once you know the person is in cardiac arrest.

一旦你知道該人處於心臟驟停狀態。

If the person is unresponsive but you're not sure,

如果這個人沒有反應但你不確定。

you still want to use this

你還是要用這個

and put it on the patient's chest.

並把它放在病人的胸部。

If the patient's still alive,

如果病人還活著。

it will tell you not to shock.