They may form questionable values and develop poor attitudes towards law and order.

他們可能形成有問題的價值觀，並對法律和秩序產生不良態度。

And if their friends are criminals, they naturally learn from them and over time adopt their

如果他們的朋友是罪犯，他們自然會向他們學習，並隨著時間的推移採用他們的

way of life.

生活方式。

Psychologically, this process is known as differential association.

在心理學上，這個過程被稱為差異性聯想。

Differential association theory is the work of Edwin Sutherland, who spent his life studying

差異關聯理論是埃德溫-薩瑟蘭的工作，他一生都在研究

principles of criminology, and found 9 distinct precepts.

犯罪學的原則，並發現了9條不同的戒律。

To learn how this works in real life, let's see how Robbin, a shy 14 year old boy, ends

為了瞭解這在現實生活中是如何運作的，讓我們看看羅賓，一個害羞的14歲男孩，是如何結束的

up in jail.

在監獄裡。

Criminal behavior is learned.

犯罪行為是學來的。

Robbin learns it after meeting a new friend.

羅賓是在遇到一個新朋友後才學會的。

It is learned through interaction and conversation with others, often supported by storytelling.

它是通過與他人的互動和對話來學習的，通常由講故事來支持。

This learning process takes place primarily in small and intimate groups.

這一學習過程主要是在小型和親密的團體中進行。

Books, video games, and mass media have little impact.

書籍、電子遊戲和大眾傳媒的影響不大。

The learning of criminal behavior includes sharing insights and techniques as well as

對犯罪行為的學習包括分享見解和技術，以及

reasons and attitudes that favor criminal actions.

傾向於犯罪行為的原因和態度。

Motives are learned by dividing the legal system into good laws and bad laws.

通過將法律體系分為好的法律和壞的法律來學習動機。

Robbin learns that the laws protecting poor people's property are good, while the laws

羅賓瞭解到，保護窮人財產的法律是好的，而法律

protecting rich people's property are bad.

保護富人的財產是不好的。

We become delinquent once our rationale for breaking the law outweighs our rationale for

一旦我們違反法律的理由超過了我們的理由，我們就會成為犯罪者。

respecting it.

尊重它。

Robbin steals once he believes that he needs to take from the rich to give to the poor.

羅賓一旦認為他需要取之於富人，用之於窮人，就會進行偷竊。

Our learning experiences vary in frequency, duration, the priority we give them, and how

我們的學習經歷在頻率、持續時間、我們給予它們的優先權以及如何使用方面都有所不同。

intense they are.

激烈的他們是。

Robbin's time as a criminal is over when he and his friends all get arrested.

當羅賓和他的朋友都被逮捕時，他作為罪犯的時間就結束了。

Learning criminal behavior is like learning anything else.

學習犯罪行為就像學習其他東西一樣。

Robbin learns this just like his sister learns math — the same mechanisms are involved.

羅賓學這個就像他姐姐學數學一樣--涉及同樣的機制。

Although criminal behavior is an expression of one's needs and values, it is not explained

雖然犯罪行為是一個人的需求和價值觀的表達，但它並沒有被解釋為

by them.

由他們。

Non-criminal behavior can also stem from the exact same needs and values.

非犯罪行為也可能源於完全相同的需求和價值觀。

Edwin Sutherland was an American sociologist whose work had a big impact on criminal policy.

埃德溫-薩瑟蘭是一位美國社會學家，他的工作對刑事政策產生了很大影響。

His theory recognizes that criminal attitudes can be learnt socially.

他的理論認識到，犯罪態度可以從社會上學習。

Consequently, they can also be unlearned.

是以，它們也可以不被學習。

In other words, Sutherland helped us understand that kids like Robbin can be rehabilitated.

換句話說，薩瑟蘭幫助我們理解，像羅賓這樣的孩子是可以被改造的。

What do you think?

你怎麼看？

How can we help keep society free from crimes that happen, on the street and in the top

我們如何才能幫助社會不受發生在街頭和高層的犯罪的影響？

floors of big corporations?

大公司的樓層？

And if Sutherland was right, is jail the right place for young offenders?

如果薩瑟蘭是對的，那麼監獄是年輕罪犯的正確場所嗎？

Please share your thoughts in the comments below!

請在下面的評論中分享你的想法!

This and all other Sprouts' videos are licensed under the Creative Commons.

本視頻和所有其他Sprouts的視頻都在創作共用協議下授權。

That means teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses

這意味著世界各地的教師都可以在教室、在線課程中使用它們。

or to start projects - and today, thousands already

或啟動項目--而今天，已有數千名

do!

做!

To learn how it works and download this video without Ads or background music, checkout

要了解它是如何工作的，並下載這個沒有廣告或背景音樂的視頻，請查看

our website or read the description below.

我們的網站或閱讀下面的描述。

If you want to support our mission and help change education

如果你想支持我們的使命並幫助改變教育

visit our Patreon - that's patreon.com/sprouts.

請訪問我們的PATREON - 即patreon.com/sprouts。