Would this man make a good doctor?

這個人可以成為一個好醫生嗎？

What about him?

那他呢？

Would you trust him with your surgery?

你會相信他為你做手術嗎？

Most people would probably want to get treated by one, rather than the other.

大多數人可能希望得到一個人的治療，而不是其他。

And most people are likely to be wrong about that.

而大多數人很可能在這方面是錯誤的。

When you look at the sun, you sometimes see it clearly.

當你看著太陽時，你有時會清楚地看到它。

But sometimes you'll see it shining way bigger than its actual shape.

但有時你會看到它的光芒比它的實際形狀大得多。

That circle of light that makes it look bigger is called a halo.

那個讓它看起來更大的光圈被稱為光環。

The halo effect also happens when a person, product, or company shines like the sun.

當一個人、產品或公司像太陽一樣閃耀時，也會出現光環效應。

Then we don't see them clearly and associate all sorts of unrelated qualities to them.

那麼我們就不能清楚地看到它們，並將各種不相關的品質與它們聯繫起來。

The halo effect was first identified in 1907 by the American psychologist Frederick Wells

暈輪效應是由美國心理學家弗雷德裡克-韋爾斯在1907年首次發現的。

and was then studied by the psychologist Edward Thorndike, who asked flight commanders to

然後被心理學家愛德華-桑代克研究，他要求飛行指揮官

evaluate their officers in various distinct aspects such as physical appearance, intelligence,

在各種不同的方面對他們的官員進行評估，如體貌、智力。

and leadership.

和領導力。

Examining the results, Thorndike found that the officers that got high scores for their

在檢查結果時，桑代克發現，那些得到高分的官員在其

psychical qualities, also got rated high on intelligence and leadership skills - a correlation

心理素質，在智力和上司能力方面也得到了很高的評價--這種關聯性

that seemed wrong.

這似乎是錯誤的。

It appears that the commanders were unable to evaluate specific traits independently

看來，指揮官們無法獨立評估具體特徵

of others.

其他人的。

They thought of their officers in broad terms; either "good" or "bad", and allowed this general

他們對官員的看法很籠統，要麼是 "好"，要麼是 "壞"，並允許這種籠統的說法。

feeling to influence the specific qualities they attributed to them.

感覺來影響他們所歸屬的具體品質。

Some officers profited from their halo.

一些官員從他們的光環中獲利。

Others were put at a disadvantage by what is called the horn effect.

其他人則因所謂的喇叭效應而處於不利地位。

The halo effect also explains why some teachers give better looking students higher grades

光環效應也解釋了為什麼有些老師會給長得好的學生更高的分數

One study looked at the grades of 4,500 pupils, who were sorted by volunteers into three groups:

一項研究觀察了4500名學生的成績，志願者將他們分為三組。

below-average, average, and above-average looking.

低於平均水平、平均水平和高於平均水平的外觀。

Did the better looking people get better grades?

長得漂亮的人成績更好嗎？

The researchers then compared students' grades between classes taken in traditional classrooms

研究人員隨後比較了學生在傳統教室上課時的成績

with those taken online where there was little to no face-to-face interaction.

與那些在網上拍攝的，幾乎沒有面對面互動的照片。

The researchers later found evidence that students who were rated as good looking, earned

研究人員後來發現，有證據表明，那些被評為好看的學生，獲得了

significantly lower grades in online courses compared to traditional classrooms where they

與傳統課堂相比，在線課程的成績明顯較低。

got help from their halo.

得到了他們光環的幫助。

Since the physical attributes of good looking people seem to naturally make them also appear

由於好看的人的身體特徵似乎自然地使他們也顯得

intelligent, strong, and trustworthy, here is one good rule of thumb.

聰明、堅強、值得信賴，這裡有一個很好的經驗法則。

If you have an accident and you have to choose between two equally qualified doctors, ignore

如果你發生了意外，而你必須在兩個同樣合格的醫生中做出選擇，請忽略

their halo and choose the less handsome one.

他們的光環，並選擇不那麼英俊的那個。

He might have worked twice as hard to gain the same reputation and is likely better at

他可能付出了兩倍的努力來獲得同樣的聲譽，而且很可能更擅長於

his job.

他的工作。

What do you think?

你怎麼看？

Do you think it is possible to avoid the halo effect at work, in school or in public life?

你認為有可能在工作、學校或公共生活中避免光環效應嗎？

And what about other credentials that may signal success?

那麼其他可能標誌著成功的證書呢？

Please share your thoughts and ideas in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中分享你的想法和意見。

This and all other Sprouts' videos are licensed under the Creative Commons.

本視頻和所有其他Sprouts的視頻都在創作共用協議下授權。

That means teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses

這意味著世界各地的教師都可以在教室、在線課程中使用它們。

or to start projects - and today, thousands already

或啟動項目--而今天，已有數千名

do!

做!

To learn how it works and download this video without Ads or background music, checkout

要了解它是如何工作的，並下載這個沒有廣告或背景音樂的視頻，請查看

our website or read the description below.

我們的網站或閱讀下面的描述。

If you want to support our mission and help change education

如果你想支持我們的使命並幫助改變教育

visit our Patreon - that's patreon.com/sprouts.

請訪問我們的PATREON - 即patreon.com/sprouts。