That's the exact opposite of what you should do.

這與你應該做的完全相反。

It's okay to use Q tips to clean your ears.

使用Q型耳塞來清潔耳朵是可以的。

Oh boy.

哦，孩子。

Oh boy.

哦，孩子。

Taping your mouth shut will stop your story.

用膠帶封住你的嘴會阻止你的故事。

This another one I'm ripping up.

這是我要撕掉的另一個作品。

Never tape your mouth shut.

永遠不要用膠帶封住你的嘴。

So I'm doctor eric void.

所以，我是埃裡克-瓦萊特醫生。

I'm an otolaryngologist, head, neck surgeon.

我是一名耳鼻喉科醫生，頭部、頸部外科醫生。

I'm an associate professor of otolaryngology at N.

我是北京大學耳鼻喉科的一名副教授。

Y.

Y.

U.

U.

Langone Health.

Langone Health.

I've been in practice for over 20 years and I am dr Jackie jones.

我已經執業20多年了，我是Jackie Jones醫生。

I'm an associate professor of otolaryngology while Cornell medicine and I've been in practice for almost 31 years now.

我是康奈爾大學醫學部耳鼻喉科的副教授，我已經執業近31年了。

We're specialists and ear, nose and throat.

我們是專家，也是耳鼻喉科專家。

So our field actually the real title is Oto rhino laron, golly gee photos, rhinos, nose larynx, isla Realogy.

是以，我們的領域實際上真正的標題是奧托犀牛拉龍，天哪，照片，犀牛，鼻子喉部，伊斯拉-瑞爾吉。

So we sort of think of it as one continuous passage from your nose down into your lungs.

所以我們把它看作是一個連續的通道，從你的鼻子到你的肺部。

So everything is interconnected and today we will be debunking myths of your nose and throat.

是以，一切都相互關聯，今天我們將揭開你的鼻子和喉嚨的神話。

It's okay to hold in your sneeze.

憋住噴嚏也沒關係。

Not a good idea.

不是一個好主意。

I think a small sneeze can be held in.

我認為一個小噴嚏是可以憋住的。

But if you're generating one of those big snow, you don't want to hold it in, all of that pressure is going to back up into your ears, into your throat, into your lungs.

但是，如果你產生的是那種大雪，你就不要憋著了，所有的壓力都會倒流到你的耳朵裡，到你的喉嚨裡，到你的肺裡。

Our noses, the filter of everything.

我們的鼻子，是一切的過濾器。

We're breathing in so you're breathing in pollen.

我們在呼吸，所以你在呼吸花粉。

You're breathing in germs, you're breathing in particles and dust that builds up in our mucus.

你吸入的是細菌，你吸入的是堆積在我們粘液中的微粒和灰塵。

And then a sneeze is the reflex to get that material out.

然後打噴嚏是把這些物質弄出來的條件反射。

But sneezing is overall a good thing because you're clearing out your nose.

但總的來說，打噴嚏是一件好事，因為你在清理你的鼻子。

But again, cover up cover up, it's okay to use Q tips to clean your ears.

但還是那句話，遮遮掩掩，用Q版小貼士來清潔耳朵是可以的。

Oh boy, Oh boy.

哦，孩子，哦，孩子。

So this is a box of cotton tip applicators and there is a warning on here.

所以這是一盒棉頭塗抹器，上面有一個警告。

But whoa eric!

但是，哇，艾瑞克！

I don't think I can see this, Jackie, I brought a magnifying glass just to demonstrate.

我不認為我可以看到這個，傑基，我帶了一個放大鏡只是為了演示。

There is a warning label on there and it says, and I quote, do not insert swab into ear canal but see how small that is.

上面有一個警告標籤，上面寫著，我引用一下，不要把棉籤插入耳道，但看看這有多小。

It really should be in big bold letters here, but we're telling, you don't do it.

它真的應該在這裡用大字標明，但我們要告訴，你不要這樣做。

So this is a plastic model of an ear, this is called the pinna and this is the outer ear and you can use a cotton tip applicator to clean the outside the little grooves.

所以這是一個耳朵的塑膠模型，這叫耳廓，這是外耳，你可以用棉尖塗抹器來清潔外面的小溝。

You can see some people do have as their waxes coming out, they can clean that outer portion, that's okay.

你可以看到有些人確實有作為他們的蠟出來，他們可以清潔那個外面的部分，那是可以的。

But you do not want to go putting this in here like this because you're gonna push your wax in, you're gonna braid the surfaces and you're gonna cause damn some of the things that I recommend on cleaning the ear is drop some alcohol in the air and again, as long as you don't have any ear problems or hole in your ear, you can use hydrogen peroxide that tends to bubble a bit but can be used.

但是你不要像這樣把這個放進去，因為你會把你的蠟推進去，你會把表面編成辮子，你會造成該死的一些東西，我建議在清潔耳朵時，在空氣中滴一些酒精，同樣，只要你沒有任何耳朵問題或耳朵上的洞，你可以使用雙氧水，往往會有一點保麗龍，但可以使用。

And a warm wet washcloth that you wring out well and used to clean the outside of your ear.

還有一塊溫熱的溼毛巾，把它擰乾，用來清潔耳朵外面。

We really don't want you to over clean your ear.

我們真的不希望你過度清潔你的耳朵。

But bugs can't get inside your ears.

但蟲子不能進入你的耳朵裡。

Oh gross.

哦，噁心。

Get those mattresses off the floor.

把那些床墊從地上拿開。

Because no matter how clean you are, those bugs could climb into your bed first of all.

因為不管你有多幹淨，那些蟲子首先可能爬到你的床上。

Bugs don't want to be in your ear there.

蟲子不希望在你的耳朵裡出現。

They are actually afraid of us.

他們實際上是害怕我們。

Their private so cockroaches, spiders they don't want but every once in a while they'll meander in.

他們的隱私，所以蟑螂、蜘蛛他們都不想要，但每隔一段時間就會蜿蜒而入。

And the ear is a blind pouch.

而耳朵是一個盲袋。

I've seen actually a spider who's made a web inside of someone's ear canal.

我曾見過一隻蜘蛛在別人的耳道里結了一張網。

And the thing about the cockroaches they go in but they can't turn around once they're in there there's not enough space for them to turn around and get out.

關於蟑螂的事情，他們進去了，但他們不能轉身，一旦他們在裡面，沒有足夠的空間讓他們轉身出去。

So what they do is they keep clawing forward against the eardrum and I don't know if you've ever seen cockroaches legs under a microscope, but it's like hairs and their hooks.

是以，它們所做的是不斷向前抓取耳膜，我不知道你是否在顯微鏡下看過蟑螂的腿，但這就像毛髮和它們的鉤子。

And so then they're scratching the eardrum and as they're scratching the ear drum, the sound that's generated is horrendous and the pain that's generated is horrendous.

於是他們就抓撓耳膜，當他們抓撓耳膜時，產生的聲音是可怕的，產生的疼痛是可怕的。

So the person starts scratching at their ear and their ears start bleeding.

所以這個人開始抓撓他們的耳朵，他們的耳朵開始出血。

I've seen people come into that e.

我見過有人進入那個E。

R.

R.

Ripping their ear off and so I immediately know from across the room cockroach in the ear.

扯掉他們的耳朵，於是我立刻從對面的房間裡知道耳朵裡有蟑螂。

So what we do is we try to calm the person down.

是以，我們所做的是試圖讓這個人平靜下來。

And then you can put rubbing alcohol in the ear or mineral oil in the ear or some liquid that will actually kill the bug and then you can suction it out cockroaches about the grossest thing that we see.

然後你可以在耳朵裡放上酒精，或在耳朵裡放上礦物油，或一些能真正殺死蟲子的液體，然後你可以把它吸出來，蟑螂是我們看到的最噁心的東西。

But you can get flying insects in the same sort of thing.

但你可以在同類事物中得到飛蟲。

We want to drown them out.

我們想把他們淹沒。

But you know you don't have to be phobic, it's pretty gross but we don't see it that frequently.

但你知道你不必有恐懼症，這很噁心，但我們沒有那麼頻繁地看到它。

But if it happens to you at home, try not to panic and just put rubbing alcohol or mineral oil in your ear and then go to the doctor, stop a nosebleed, pinch the bridge of your nose and tilt your head back.

但如果你在家裡發生了這種情況，儘量不要驚慌，只需在耳朵裡塗抹酒精或礦物油，然後去看醫生，停止流鼻血，捏住鼻樑，把頭往後仰。

I'm so glad he did this.

我很高興他這樣做。

And this is not an offense to the school nurse.

而這並不是對學校護士的冒犯。

They're classically told pinch up here and hold your head back and that's the exact opposite of what you should do.

他們被經典地告知捏住這裡，把頭向後仰，這與你應該做的完全相反。

First off the nose has a tremendous blood supply, the blood supply to the nose has five arteries that meet up here in the front.

首先，鼻子有巨大的血液供應，鼻子的血液供應有五條動脈，在前面這裡匯合。

It's called kissel box plexus and Kissel box plexus have arteries and veins that meet together.

它被稱為Kissel box plexus，Kissel box plexus有動脈和靜脈交匯在一起。

So if you pinch the front of your nose The sidewall against the Septum and hold it for five minutes and you stay upright and lean forward a little bit so that you can, if some of the blood is going down the back, you can spit it out.

是以，如果你捏住你的鼻子前部，側壁靠著鼻中隔，保持5分鐘，你保持直立，身體向前傾一點，這樣你就可以，如果有些血從後面流下來，你可以把它吐出來。

But if you pinch your nose for five minutes you will stop 90% of nosebleeds.

但如果你捏住鼻子5分鐘，就能阻止90%的鼻血。

Absolutely think of it as if you had a cut on your skin, you see the blood, what do you do?

絕對是這樣想的，就像你的皮膚上有個傷口，你看到了血，你會怎麼做？

You put pressure on pressure stops bleeding because it allows the flow to stop and then your own clotting mechanism to kick in, taping your mouth shut will stop your story.

你把壓力放在壓力上可以止血，因為它可以讓血流停止，然後你自己的凝血機制就會啟動，把你的嘴貼上會讓你的故事停止。

Okay, this another one I'm ripping up, never tape your mouth shut.

好吧，這又是一個我撕掉的，永遠不要用膠帶封住你的嘴。

I don't know how that's out there because when you're asleep you need to breathe and let's just say your nose gets blocked and congested and you've got your mouth taped shut, how are you breathing?

我不知道那是怎麼出來的，因為當你睡覺的時候，你需要呼吸，我們就說你的鼻子被堵住了，充血了，你的嘴被綁住了，你怎麼呼吸？

So never snoring comes from many different places, not just snoring from your mouth.

是以，從來沒有打鼾是來自許多不同的地方，而不僅僅是來自你的嘴的打鼾。

Snoring comes from the turbulent flow of air through the respiratory system.

鼾聲來自於空氣在呼吸系統中的湍流。

And that turbulent flow can come from your nose, it can come from your mouth, you can come from lower down in your throat.

而這種湍流可以來自你的鼻子，可以來自你的嘴，可以來自你的喉嚨下部。

So just taping your mouth closed is not going to fix that problem for a lot of people.

是以，對很多人來說，僅僅用膠帶封住嘴是無法解決這個問題的。

It's very dangerous and not recommended, only loud music causes hearing loss.

這是非常危險的，不建議這樣做，只有大聲的音樂才會導致聽力損失。

Okay, only loud music.

好吧，只有大聲的音樂。

How about anything loud can cause hearing loss.

任何響亮的東西都會導致聽力損失，這一點如何？

There's different ways you can get damaged.

有不同的方式可以讓你受到損害。

One is a sudden loud noise blast.

一個是突然的巨大噪音爆炸。

So let's say a firearm or a firework near the ear.

是以，假設耳朵附近有火器或煙花。

Then there's a cumulative effect where you might have noise that say 90 decibels or 100 decibel over time, that also will start harming those cells.

然後有一個累積效應，即你可能有90分貝或100分貝的噪音，隨著時間的推移，這也將開始傷害這些細胞。

So I'm speaking about 35 to 40 decibels right now.

所以我現在講的是35到40分貝。

So 80 to 90 decibels is pretty loud.

是以，80至90分貝的聲音是相當大的。

The more war some losses, that cumulative loss, because people don't even realize it's happening.

更多的戰爭一些損失，那累積的損失，因為人們甚至沒有意識到它的發生。

You know, you go on the subways, you walk around in the city can be really loud, construction sounds, factory noises, sirens, all of those things can cause hearing loss.

你知道，你去坐地鐵，你在城市裡走動可能真的很吵，建築聲音，工廠噪音，警報器，所有這些東西都可能導致聽力損失。

So, I think of loud noise as if you're looking up into the sun, you don't do it right.

所以，我認為響亮的噪音就像你抬頭看太陽一樣，你做得不對。

It hurts.

這很傷人。

Same thing, loud noise blasting in your ear.

同樣的事情，巨大的噪音在你耳邊炸響。

It harms those little inner hair cells and causes permanent hearing walls.

它傷害了那些小的內毛細胞，導致永久性的聽力牆。

And that's such a great point.

這也是一個很好的觀點。

Once it's gone, it's gone, we cannot do really anything to get your hearing back once it's gone.

一旦它消失了，它就消失了，一旦它消失了，我們就無法真正做任何事情來恢復你的聽力。

So, thinking about your hearing early on in life is an important factor.

是以，在人生的早期就考慮到自己的聽力問題是一個重要因素。

Swimming causes ear infections.

游泳會導致耳部感染。

All right, well, many people swim, it's a very common human activity.

好吧，很多人都會游泳，這是一項非常普遍的人類活動。

Not everybody gets an ear infection, but there is an entity called swimmer's ear, swimmer's ear is when you get an overgrowth of either bacteria or fungus in the outside ear canal, one of the main culprits from swimmer's ear is over cleaning of your ear.

不是每個人都會得中耳炎，但有一種實體叫做游泳耳，游泳耳是指細菌或真菌在外耳道過度生長，游泳耳的主要罪魁禍首之一是過度清潔耳朵。

When you look at the ear canal, this is the outer ear, your canal is about an inch and a half long.

當你看一下耳道，這是外耳，你的耳道大約有一英寸半長。

It's lined with wax glands, these glands produce saruman or wax that waterproof our ear, that's one of the jobs, that's why it's waxy.

它的內壁有蠟腺，這些腺體產生沙魯曼或蠟，使我們的耳朵防水，這是其中一項工作，這就是為什麼它是蠟質的。

So when people clean out their ear too much, they're taking all the wax away.

是以，當人們過多地清理他們的耳朵時，他們就會把所有的耳垢帶走。

Now water's going in and when water is sitting on the skin in a dark cave, the skin, if you've ever had taken a long bath and your skin kind of changes a little bit or you have your foot and water for a long time, it changes it.

現在水進去了，當水在黑暗的洞穴中坐在皮膚上時，皮膚，如果你曾經洗過一個長澡，你的皮膚有點變化，或者你的腳和水在一起很長時間，它就會改變。

So that change occurs in the ear and all of a sudden this ear canal is gonna start collapsing and closing and closing, closing and the germs inside start multiplying and then you get swimmer's ear which is an outer ear infection.

是以，這種變化發生在耳朵裡，突然間，這個耳道會開始塌陷，關閉，關閉，關閉，裡面的細菌開始繁殖，然後你會得到游泳耳，這是一種外耳感染。

These are some of the most painful infections that we've seen.

這些是我們所見過的最痛苦的一些感染。

And what's another big culprit for swimmer's ear is these things that I absolutely love, but they're not great, especially in the summer.

而造成泳客耳的另一大罪魁禍首是這些我絕對喜歡的東西，但它們並不出色，尤其是在夏天。

I think we have to make a new name here buddy, you're putting this thing in your ear and what's the thing that it's doing in the summer?

我想我們必須在這裡起一個新的名字，夥計，你把這個東西放在你的耳朵裡，它在夏天做的是什麼事情？

It's making warm, dark environment even warmer.

它使溫暖、黑暗的環境變得更加溫暖。

So some things you can do to treat it at home or even preventative if you swim a lot, you can use rubbing alcohol, you just get an ear dropper and you can put three drops or so in your ear, Wiggle it around, let it drain out.

是以，你可以在家裡做一些事情來治療它，甚至預防，如果你經常游泳，你可以使用酒精，你只是得到一個滴耳器，你可以在你的耳朵裡滴三滴左右，扭動它，讓它排出來。

You can also use vinegar, cut it half with water, you can put that in your ear as well after swimming.

你也可以用醋，用水切成兩半，游泳後也可以把它放在耳朵裡。

Or if you feel water stuck in your ear, you should always get rid of earwax, you should not get rid of your wax ear wax is protection to your ear.

或者如果你覺得有水卡在耳朵裡，你應該經常清除耳垢，你不應該清除你的耳垢，耳垢是對你耳朵的保護。

Now there are circumstances where we as ear nose and throat doctors do take out the ear wax, but that's when there's too much of it.

現在，在有些情況下，我們作為耳鼻喉科醫生確實會把耳垢取出來，但那是在耳垢太多的時候。

So in a doctor's office you might use an ear cure as the doctor will go in and pull the wax out.

是以，在醫生的辦公室裡，你可能會使用耳朵治療法，因為醫生會進去把蠟拉出來。

But this is done under a microscopic guidance and incredibly gently because if you go too far in, you're gonna burst the eardrum or you're gonna scratch the ear and it's going.

但這是在顯微鏡的引導下進行的，而且非常輕柔，因為如果你走得太遠，你會把鼓膜弄破，或者你會把耳朵抓破，它就會消失。

And one of the things that we use in the office to protect the outside ear canal is we use a speculum which we put it in the outside pushing the ear canal.

我們在辦公室使用的保護外耳道的方法之一是使用窺陰器，把它放在外耳道里。

And then we work through this little speculum to sort of protect the ear canal.

然後我們通過這個小窺鏡來保護耳道。

So these are things you just can't do at home, Loss of smell is only temporary.

所以這些事情你在家裡是做不到的，失去氣味只是暫時的。

Well, that's a big one this year.

嗯，這是今年的一個大問題。

You know, as we've gone through covid, one of the big warning signs of covid 19 was loss of sense of smell and and taste associated with what happened is the virus goes into the nose and it hits those olfactory nerves, which is the nerves that supply the sense of smell to our brain and the olfactory nerves sits way back here in the back of the nose.

你知道，當我們經歷了covid之後，covid 19的一個大的警告信號是嗅覺和味覺的喪失，與之相關的是病毒進入鼻子，它擊中了那些嗅覺神經，也就是向我們的大腦提供嗅覺的神經，嗅覺神經位於鼻子後面的位置。

So it's a really interesting place.

是以，這是一個非常有趣的地方。

you only really smell from this back of the nose, the sense of smell is probably the least appreciated of our census.

你只能從鼻子後面真正聞到氣味，嗅覺可能是我們人口普查中最不被重視的。

But when you lose it, it's devastating.

但是，當你失去它時，它是毀滅性的。

So some of those causes can be a head injury.

所以其中一些原因可能是頭部受傷。

So our brain sits here.

所以我們的大腦就坐在這裡。

This is the bottom of the skull and there are these little teeny tiny openings, teeny tiny openings where this hair cells of the olfactory nerve go through and enter into the nose.

這是頭骨的底部，有這些十幾釐米的小開口，十幾釐米的小開口，嗅覺神經的毛細胞通過這些開口進入鼻子。

So if you get a whiplash injury, your head goes like this.

是以，如果你受到鞭打傷害，你的腦袋會這樣。

Those little hair cells can get sheared and you can have a permanent loss of sense of smell simply from a whiplash injury or head injury.

這些小毛細胞可能被剪斷，你可能僅僅因為鞭打受傷或頭部受傷而永久失去嗅覺。

Some of these are permanent, some are temporary.

其中有些是永久性的，有些是暫時性的。

So one of the things big things that we've been working on this year is a factory training for people who have lost their sense of smell from covid 19 where those nerves have been damaged.

是以，我們今年一直在努力的一件大事是為那些因covid 19而失去嗅覺的人提供工廠培訓，這些人的神經已被損壞。

What we do is we have you get different types of smells.

我們所做的是讓你得到不同類型的氣味。

We use essential oils and lavender, eucalyptus, cinnamon, lemon or some of my favorites.

我們使用精油和薰衣草、桉樹、肉桂、檸檬或一些我的最愛。

And then what you do is you use those every day and what it does, it helps to retrain your brain to recognize those smells.

然後你要做的是每天使用這些東西，它的作用是幫助重新訓練你的大腦識別這些氣味。

Head phones are just as bad as earbuds for your hearing.

耳機和耳塞一樣，對你的聽力都不好。

So there are in the ear earbuds.

所以有入耳式耳塞。

I think we have an example to I brought mine when this goes in your ear.

我想我們有一個例子，當這句話在你耳邊響起時，我帶來了我的。

For some people if they're the type of person that makes a lot of earwax, they might be shoving their wax in.

對於有些人來說，如果他們是那種會產生大量耳垢的人，他們可能會把耳垢塞進去。

So if you pull your ear but out and you see a big glob of wax, you might have a big accumulation inside and that's why you're not hearing so well.

是以，如果你把耳朵拉出來，看到一大團蠟，你可能在裡面有很大的積聚，這就是為什麼你的聽力不好。

In addition, the earbuds sitting in there for long periods of time can start hurting your ear.

此外，長時間坐在裡面的耳塞會開始傷害你的耳朵。

The ear is a dark, moist environment, you can start getting ear infections from them.

耳朵是一個黑暗、潮溼的環境，你可以從它們開始感染中耳炎。

The pressure of the plastic could press on the TMJ or your jaw joint causing pain in your ear.

塑膠的壓力可能會壓在顳下頜關節或你的下頜關節上，導致你的耳朵疼痛。

So those are some of the drawbacks, but they do provide a nice sound quality, but I try and limit myself to use them, maybe an hour to a day at the most when I'm commuting back and forth to work.

是以，這些是一些缺點，但它們確實提供了很好的音質，但我儘量限制自己使用它們，也許在我來回上班的時候，最多一個小時到一天。

One of the things that as ears, nose and throat doctors that we like better is over the ear earphone.

作為耳鼻喉科醫生，我們比較喜歡的東西之一是過耳式耳機。

So these have some real advantages.

是以，這些有一些真正的優勢。

They're much more comfortable, They dissipate the sound so it's not that concentrated sound down into your ear canal.

它們更舒適，它們能消散聲音，所以聲音不會集中在你的耳道里。

They're not going to push that wax down into your ears.

他們不會將這些蠟推到你的耳朵裡。

So a much better choices.

是以，一個更好的選擇。

These over the ear earphones.

這些耳罩式耳機。

So these are the noise canceling ones.

所以這些是消音的。

What are your thoughts about this?

你對此有什麼想法？

Yeah.

是的。

So noise canceling has a few advantages.

所以降噪有幾個優點。

It can block out the outside noise.

它可以阻擋外界的噪音。

So then you don't have to blast your music over the outside noise and we don't like any blasting of noise, whether it be over the ear or in the ear just don't do it.

是以，你不必在外面的噪音中播放你的音樂，我們不喜歡任何爆炸性的噪音，無論它是在耳朵上還是在耳朵裡，都不要這樣做。

It's just unhealthy for your ears.

這對你的耳朵來說是不健康的。

If you have pain in your ear you have an ear infection as an ear nose and throat doctor, I probably see more non ear related ear pain or ear caused their pain than ear infection.